Dankalin dasa ya fara a gonaki kuma a cikin gidajen rani. Bari mu tuna da manyan matakai na shirye shiryen tarin fuka tare da kwararru kuma mu gwada iliminmu
Guje wa kurakurai da samun girbi mai kyau, in ji ma’aikatan Cibiyar Noma ta Rasha daga Karachay-Cherkessia.
Samun amfanin gona na dankalin turawa mai wadataccen mai dorewa, ingancin tubers da kuma shirye-shiryensu na farko na dasa shuki suna taka muhimmiyar rawa.
Tsarin dankali na iri an fara shirya shi a cikin bazara, lokacin da aka cika zuriya hannun jari, zaɓi ƙwararren lafiya, tubers masu matsakaici.
Tsarin kaka ba ya keɓancewa daga bazarar bulkhead na dankali, wanda aka yi shi a gaba - kafin dasa shuki na tubers ko kafin kwanciya don tsirowa.
Germination na tubers shine ɗayan manyan hanyoyin shirya dankali don dasa shuki. Idan kuna son samun kwaya mai haske, to, ana aiwatar da shi ne a cikin ɗakin mai haske tare da zazzabi na 12-14 ° C yayin rana, 6-8 ° C da dare. A karshen lokacin, tsawon kore 1-2 mm mai tsayi zai bayyana a kan tubers. Wannan yana nufin cewa dankali suna shirye don dasawa.
Akwai sauran hanyoyin shirya dankali don shuka, waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin masana'antar noma. Waɗannan sun haɗa da dumama da bushewar ƙwaya, aikin lambu, magani tare da miya, abubuwan haɓaka haɓaka a cikin cakuda tanki tare da magungunan kashe ƙwari.
A bu mai kyau a dasa dankali tare da tubers kusan nauyinsu daidai da girma.
Amfani da tumatir mara yankewa yana haifar da thinning, bambance bambancen na seedlings, kuma, sakamakon haka, zuwa raguwa a cikin adadin seedlings, wanda ke rage yawan amfanin ƙasa na dankalin turawa.
Tare da dadewa ana amfani da nau'o'in dankalin turawa, matsalar kamuwa da cutar tarin fuka da kwayoyin cuta irin su rhizoctonia, scab na yau da kullum, scab na azurfa, fusarium, marigayi blight da sauransu.
Sabili da haka, ya zama dole a hankali a sarrafa tsaba dankalin turawa. Kuma kawai bayan haka ci gaba zuwa etching.
Don magance cututtukan tuber da ƙasa-kamuwa da cuta ke haifarwa, ana amfani da shirye-shirye guda ɗaya na aikin gwari, amma shirye-shirye masu rikitarwa na abubuwa masu fungic da na ƙwayoyin cuta sun fi dacewa.
Gudanar da aiki yana rage haɗarin cutar dankalin turawa da lalacewar kwaro.
Shirye-shiryen dasa shuki na tubers tare da maganin kwari yana ba ku damar yin watsi da yaƙin ƙwayar dankalin turawa na Colorado a lokacin ciyayi gaba ɗaya ko motsa shi zuwa ƙarshen lokacin girma. Don waɗannan dalilai, zaku iya amfani da magungunan kashe kwari.
Pre-dasa disinfection na tubers a kan gonaki za a iya za'ayi a gaban dasa, kazalika kai tsaye a lokacin dasa, a cikin mabudin dankalin turawa, inji mai musamman sanye take da kayan spraying.
Shuka da wuri!
Dasa dankali yana da matukar muhimmanci don aiwatar da kyakkyawan yanayi da wuri, wanda zai ba da damar dankalin dankalin turawa ya kirkiro tsarin tushen karfi kuma ya bunkasa firshanan. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna samar da tubers da sauri kuma suna isa ga balaga, sabili da haka, suna ba da zarafin fara girbi a baya.
Don sanin lokacin dasa dankali, ya zama dole a la’akari da cewa tukunyar ta fara tsiro lokacin da zafin ƙasa ya wuce ta 3-5 ° C, kuma galibi wannan tsari yana faruwa ne a 6-8 ° C. Sabili da haka, zaku iya fara dasa dankali lokacin da ƙasa zazzabi a zurfin 8-10 cm ya kai 3-5 ° C. A cikin kwanakin bazara, yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa ya tashi da sauri kuma sauyawa zuwa mafi kyawun tsarin mulki (6-8 ° C) yakan faru ne a cikin kwanaki 5-6.
Babban tasiri akan samuwar albarkatun dankalin turawa yana da zurfin dasawa. Lokacin zabar zurfin saukowa, yakamata mutum ya bishe shi ta hanyar: mai bushewa da mai sanyaya yanayin, ƙaramin saukowar ya kamata, da kuma ƙari, bushewar da zafi da yanayin, saurin ya kamata ya zama mai zurfi.
Yawan dasa dankali ya kamata ya zama cewa tsire-tsire a yankin ciyarwa na iya samar da ganye mai karfi da tsarin tushe kuma su yi amfani da makamashin hasken rana da amfanin gona na kasa. Dankali ya fi kyau idan layuka suna cikin shugabanci na arewa-kudu (ko kusa da shi), shuke-shuke suna da haske daidai a rana, suna yin zafi fiye da ƙasa a cikin tsakar rana tare da yanayin zafi mai zafi. A sakamakon haka, ana lura da ƙaruwar yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Optarancin daskararren shuka don dankali mai kasuwa yana cikin kewayon 45-55 dubu bushes a kowace kadada. A cikin shirye-shiryen zuriya, yawaitar dasawa ya karu zuwa dubu 60-70 a kowace kadada domin ƙara yawan ƙwayar iri.
(Asali: shafin yanar gizon Cibiyar Noma ta FSBI ta Rasha).
Karanta cikakke: https://www.agroxxi.ru/zhurnal-agromir-xxi/stati-rastenievodstvo/kak-podgotovit-klubni-kartofelja-k-posadke-i-sazhat-po-klimaticheskim-pravilam.html