Tsire-tsire suna da tsayi sosai, suna lanƙwasawa don ba da damar samun hasken rana ga kowane ganyen su. Duk da lura da wannan al’amari na tsawon ƙarni, masana kimiyya ba su fahimce shi sosai ba. Yanzu masana kimiyya a Cibiyar Salk sun gano cewa abubuwa biyu na shuka - furotin PIF7 da kuma hormone auxin na girma - sune abubuwan da ke haifar da saurin girma lokacin da tsire-tsire suke cikin inuwa kuma suna fuskantar yanayin zafi a lokaci guda. official website na Cibiyar.
Sakamakon binciken, wanda aka buga a mujallar Nature Communications a ranar 29 ga Agusta, 2022, zai taimaka wa masana kimiyya su yi hasashen yadda tsire-tsire za su magance sauyin yanayi da kuma kara yawan amfanin gona duk da dumamar yanayi na lalata amfanin gona.
"A halin yanzu, muna noman amfanin gona a wani adadi mai yawa, amma sakamakonmu ya nuna cewa za mu buƙaci rage yawan adadin don inganta ci gaban shuka yayin da sauyin yanayi," in ji babban marubuci Farfesa Joanne Chory, darektan Cibiyar Tsirrai ta Salk. da Laboratory Biology Cell da Howard, mai bincike a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Hughes. "Fahimtar tushen kwayoyin yadda tsire-tsire ke amsa haske da zafin jiki zai ba mu damar daidaita yawan shuka don samar da mafi kyawun amfanin gona."
A lokacin germination, tsire-tsire suna saurin tsawaita mai tushe don karya cikin ƙasa kuma su kama hasken rana da sauri. A al'ada, kara yana raguwa da girma bayan bayyanar hasken rana. Amma kara zai iya sake yin tsawo da sauri idan shukar ta yi gogayya da tsire-tsire da ke kewaye don hasken rana ko kuma ƙara tazara tsakanin ƙasa mai zafi da ganyen shuka don amsa yanayin zafi. Duk da yake yanayin muhalli duka - shading da yanayin zafi - suna ƙarfafa haɓakar tushe, suna kuma rage yawan amfanin ƙasa.
A cikin wannan binciken, masanan kimiyya sun kwatanta tsire-tsire masu girma a cikin inuwa da yanayin zafi a lokaci guda - yanayin da ke kwatanta girman girma da kuma sauyin yanayi. Masanan kimiyya sun yi amfani da samfurin shuka Arabidopsis thaliana, da kuma tumatir da kuma dangi na kusa da taba, saboda suna da sha'awar ganin ko dukkanin nau'in tsire-tsire guda uku sun dace da wannan yanayin.
A cikin dukkanin nau'ikan nau'ikan guda uku, ƙungiyar masu binciken sun gano cewa tsire-tsire sun girma sosai lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin gujewa inuwar da tsire-tsire da ke makwabtaka da su ke haifar da yanayin zafi. A matakin kwayoyin, masu binciken sun gano cewa nau'in rubutun PIF7, furotin da ke taimakawa kunnawa da kashe kwayoyin halitta, ya taimaka wajen bunkasa girma. Har ila yau, sun gano cewa matakan auxin, hormone girma, ya karu lokacin da amfanin gona ya sami tsire-tsire da ke makwabtaka da su, wanda ke inganta haɓaka don mayar da martani ga yanayin zafi a lokaci guda. Wannan hanyar haɗin gwiwar PIF7-auxin ta ba da damar tsire-tsire su amsa ga muhallinsu da daidaitawa don neman mafi kyawun yanayin girma.
Alamar rubutun da ke da alaƙa, PIF4, kuma ta haɓaka haɓakar kara a yanayin zafi mai girma. Duk da haka, tare da haɗuwa da inuwa da yanayin zafi mai girma, wannan abu ya daina taka muhimmiyar rawa.
"Mun yi mamakin ganin cewa PIF4 ba ya taka muhimmiyar rawa saboda binciken da aka yi a baya ya nuna muhimmancin wannan abu a cikin yanayin girma mai dangantaka," in ji marubucin farko Yogev Burko, wani abokin bincike a Cibiyar Salk kuma masanin farfesa a Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Kasuwancin Salk. Ƙungiya don Binciken Aikin Noma a Cibiyar Volcanoes na Isra'ila. "Gaskiyar cewa PIF7 shine babban direban haɓakar wannan shuka ya kasance abin mamaki na gaske. Tare da wannan sabon ilimin, muna fatan za mu daidaita martanin ci gaban amfanin gona daban-daban don taimaka musu su dace da canjin yanayi."
Masu binciken sun yi imanin cewa akwai wani abu da har yanzu ba a gano shi ba wanda ke haɓaka tasirin PIF7 da auxin. Suna fatan bincika wannan abin da ba a sani ba a cikin karatun nan gaba. Lab ɗin Berko kuma zai yi nazarin yadda za a iya inganta wannan hanyar a cikin amfanin gona.
"Yawan zafi na duniya yana tashi, don haka muna buƙatar amfanin gona na abinci wanda zai iya girma a cikin waɗannan sababbin yanayi," in ji Chori, shugaban ƙungiyar Salk Plant Use Initiative da Howard H. da Maryam R. Newman Shugaba na Plant Biology. "Mun gano mahimman abubuwan da ke daidaita haɓakar tsire-tsire a yanayin zafi mai zafi, waɗanda za su taimaka mana wajen haɓaka amfanin gona masu amfani don ciyar da tsararraki masu zuwa."