Tryoƙarin inganta hanyoyin sarrafa kwayoyin don kare masana'antar kabeji a cikin jihar New York ta Amurka, kimanin dala miliyan 60 a shekara, masana kimiyya sun yanke shawara mai ban sha'awa.
A lokacin da ciyawa asu ke lalata filin, masu noman kayan lambu na zamani suna ƙoƙarin sarrafa kwari ta hanyar sakin yawancin maƙiyan kwaro na halitta, irin su matan tsintsaye, don guje wa tsadar cututtukan kwari masu tsada da haɗari. Koyaya, managarorin na wani lokaci suna ganin gaurayen sakamako.
A cikin sabon binciken da masana suka yi a Jami’ar Cornell ta masana’antar kabeji da ke jihar New York ta Amurka, masana kimiyya sun sami damar gano cewa tasirin amfani da makiya na halitta don magance kwari ya dogara da yanayin da ke kewayen filin.
"Yanayin shimfidar wuri na iya ba da bayani kan yadda ya fi dacewa a yi amfani da wannan dabarar a fagen," in ji Ricardo Perez-Alvarez, marubucin marubucin "Ingancin haɓaka ikon sarrafa halittu ya dogara da yanayin yanayin wuri," wanda aka buga a Rahoton Kimiyyar.
Aikin kimiyya ya nuna cewa samar da kwayar zarra na haifar da raguwar adadin kwari, ingantaccen kariya ga tsiro da haɓaka halittun albarkatu a gonakin da ke kusa da dazuzzuka da wurare na ƙasa da ƙarancin ƙasa ta noma.
Amma a kan gonaki, mafi yawa ana kewaye da wasu gonaki, akwai hoto mai juyawa: duk da sakin entomophages, adadin kwari bai ragu ba.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da wannan sabon abu suna da rikitarwa kuma sun dogara ne akan haɗuwa da abubuwa daban-daban, gami da hulɗa tsakanin abubuwan cikin gida da waɗanda aka ƙara.
"Abubuwan da ke ƙasa sun shafi yadda jinsunan kwari masu cin nama suke hulɗa da juna," in ji Perez-Alvarez.
Aikin kimiyya ya mayar da hankali ne kan namo kabeji, karin kwari da al'adu (fararen kabeji da kwari da kabeji) da kuma tsintsaye.
A tsakiyar New York, waɗannan cabbagean asalin 156 masu farautar kwari ne ke farautar su, gami da nau'ikan ɓarna guda bakwai.
Daga cikin kwayar halittar, akwai "sojoji" duka biyu "wadanda suka shahara cikin kwayar halittar jini: kwaro mai tsinkaye daga dangin Podisus maculiventris na kwari da wata baiwar mace. Yawancin lokaci suna haɗu da juna da kyau, saboda kwari suna ciyar da larvae, kuma matan suna da abinci a kan ƙwayayen kabeji da kwari.
A yayin binciken, masana kimiyya sun kafa makircin gwaji a kan gonakin kabeji 11 a tsakiyar jihar, wanda ya wakilci wurare da dama da ke kewaye da su daga ƙasar noma zuwa yankuna na halitta.
A kowace gona, an kasafta dabbobin biyu don kabeji: ɗaya a filin tare da adadin ɗimbin kwayar halitta, kuma na biyu tare da ƙari da ƙarin adadin kwari da ke kama kare.
Sannan masana kimiyya sun tattara bayanai da yawa game da adadin kwari da magudi, lalacewar shuka, da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Sun kuma gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na dakin gwaje-gwaje don samun kyakkyawar fahimtar alakar da ke tsakanin magabata da kuma yadda wadannan mu'amala ke shafar maganin kwaro.
Dangane da sakamakon gwaje-gwajen, masana kimiyya sun yanke shawara cewa sakamakon sunadaran kwayoyin halitta ya bambanta a kowane yanayi kuma ya dogara ne da ma'amala tsakanin magabatan gida da wadanda aka kara zuwa yanayin.
Ana iya tunanin cewa yawan abincin da ake samu a gonaki wanda ke kewaye da shimfidar wurare, irin su gandun daji, yana da mahimmanci don samar da magabatan halitta tare da hanyoyin samar da abinci. A lokaci guda, filayen kiwo, kamar gona, na iya haɓaka ma'amala tsakanin maƙiyan halitta, domin dole ne su yi gasa don abinci.
Daga qarshe, zurfin fahimtar hulda tsakanin kwari da makiyinsu na dabi'a, wanda ke karkashin ikon shimfidar wuri, zai baiwa masu kula da kwari cikakken bayani game da inda da yadda za a aiwatar da karuwar lambobin makiya yadda ya kamata, masu binciken sun rubuta. ...
Karanta cikakke: https://www.agroxxi.ru/