Ga masu noman dankalin turawa, shekarar 2019 ta kasance shekarar hade. Yawancin masu samarwa a wannan kakar sun yanke shawarar fara noman dankali don sarrafawa, kuma wannan yana haifar da sabon kalubale ga masu shayarwa da masu aikin gona kuma yana haɓaka cigaban kasuwa. A lokaci guda, sababbin canje-canje a cikin matsayin jihar, a cewar masana, suna jefa shakku kan ci gaban masana'antar.
Wakilan jaridar sun fahimci yadda manoman dankalin turawa ke cigaba da kallon ruwaAgrotechnics da fasaha".
A cikin 2018, an buɗe babban haɗin gwiwa a yankin Lipetsk.Belaya Dacha»Da kuma Lamb Weston / Meijer (shugaban duniya a cikin kayan dankalin turawa) - tsiran dankalin Faransa. Kamfanin bai riga ya kai cikakken iko ba, amma, a cewar masu sharhi game da kasuwar, yawan shigo da dankalin Faransa zuwa Rasha ya riga ya ragu. Bugu da kari, an kuma samar da soyayyen Lipetsk don fitarwa zuwa Isra’ila, Turai da kasashen Afirka.
Chipsunshin kwakwalwan kwamfuta na Rasha da faransan Faransa
"Muna sa ran cewa a rabi na biyu na 2019, irin wannan shuka a cikin yankin Moscow za ta fara aiki sosai - kamfanoni"AgrikoBabban darektan kungiyar dankalin turawa Aleksey Krasilnikov ya ce "- tare da karfin sarrafa kimanin tan dubu 70 na kayan masarufi." - Masu saka hannun jari na Rasha suma suna da shirye-shirye don wani abu mai mahimmanci don sarrafa yanki a cikin Tyumen bisa tsarin Agrofirm "CREDIT"Tare da damar 30 dubu tan na sarrafa dankali da kayan lambu. Ba mu ga wasu manyan ayyukan a wannan hanyar ba, kodayake a shekara ta 2019 ana shirin fara ginin reshen masana'anta ta kwakwalwar kwakwalwan kwamfuta a yankin Siberian, amma wannan shiri ne kawai. "
Tare da haɓaka cikin samar da dankalin cikin gida, wanda ake sarrafa shi don masana'antar abinci mai sauri, yana da ma'ana a ɗauka ƙaruwar sha'awar masu kera sabbin nau'ikan da aka tsara musamman don waɗannan dalilai. A halin yanzu, da rashin alheri, masu samar da Rasha, kodayake suna shuka irin wannan dankali da kansu, suna aiki tare da zabin kasashen waje - babu wasu nau'ikan cikin gida da suka dace da samar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta ko soyayyen faransan.
Aleksey Krasilnikov ya ce: "Har yanzu ba mu da wani kwarin gwiwa dangane da nau'ikan kiwo na dankalin turawa da dankalin turawa, duk da cewa mai yiwuwa ya kasance a wurin, saboda akwai shirin gwaji na ci gaban noman dankalin Turawa da noman iri, wanda kusan 11 RUB bln Wasu daga cikin wadannan kudade tuni an kawo su ga masu yi. Shirin yana da kusan mahalarta 24. Dangane da wannan shirin, an ɗauka cewa nan da shekarar 2025 masu kiwo na Rasha za su samar da aƙalla nau'ikan zaɓi 12 na cikin gida waɗanda ba su ƙasa da inganci da nau'ikan zaɓi na ƙasashen waje ba. Kuma kodayake mun nace cewa iri daban-daban don sarrafa masana'antu a bambance daban-daban a cikin tsarin waɗannan alamun, rashin alheri, ba su ji mu ba. Saboda haka, za mu iya yin tunanin abin da masu kiwon namu za su bayar nan da shekarar 2025 ”.
A yau, ana gudanar da zaɓin ne a cikin shugabanci da ƙarshen mai amfani da wannan samfurin, in ji Anna Khrabrova, manajan kasuwanci na kamfanin. HZPC Sadokas (kiwo da dankali da samar da iri). “Kasuwar dankalin ta kasu kashi biyu: misali, akwai iri daban-daban da aka yi niyya don wanka, kuma daban don sarrafawa, haka nan akwai hanyoyi da yawa a nan, gami da soyayyen dankalin turawa, dankalin turawa da dankalin turawa don samun sitaci mai inganci. Iri-iri don kasuwar gargajiya ana rarrabe daban. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan sassan a cikin kansa an raba shi zuwa ɓangarori. Dangane da haka, la'akari da buƙatun ƙarshen mai amfani da samfurin, gwargwadon halaye da buƙatunsa, zaɓin yana ci gaba. " Misali, don soyayyen faransan, iri iri masu launin rawaya mai launin rawaya, fasalin tuber mai tsayi da daidaitaccen abun ciki na rage sugars a duk tsawon lokacin adana kyawawa ne, masanin ya kara da cewa.
A fatawar mabukaci
A yau, mabukaci ya ba da hankali ba kawai ga ɗanɗano ba, har ma da bayyanar dankali, tun da yake samfurin a kan ɗakunan "an zaɓi shi da idanu," in ji Anna Khrabrova. Dangane da haka, masu kiwo suna fuskantar ƙarin aiki - don sa samfurin ya zama kyakkyawa da gani. “Nau'o'in da aka haifa shekaru 20-25 da suka wuce, a mafi yawan lokuta, suna da idanu masu zurfin gaske, kuma hasken kwasfa baya cikin tambaya. Kwararren ya ce: "A yau, wani abin da ake bukata mai matukar muhimmanci shi ne yadda kayan suke gani," - Abu na biyu kuma, shine bukatar masu sana'anta, shine babban haraji. Don haka, ga abokan cinikinmu, masu kera dankali na tebur na farko, mafi mahimmancin alamomi shine yawan amfanin ƙasa a farkon lokacin girki. Waɗannan sigogi (bayyanar, yawan amfanin ƙasa, lokacin girma) zasu kasance a cikin nau'ikan ne kawai idan mai kiwon ya fara mai da hankali akan su, zaɓar siffofin iyaye tare da matakan farawa da ake buƙata. Ba zan ce kasuwar dankalin turawa ta kasance mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ba, amma dai kasuwa ce ta nau'ikan analog. Manoma suna so kuma a shirye suke su yi aiki tare da sabbin nau'ikan, amma suna bukatar sabon nau'in ya zama ingantaccen nau'ikan da aka inganta. " Manyan gonaki masu amfani da fasaha mai ƙarfi suna yin iya ƙoƙarinsu don rage farashin samfurin ba tare da rasa inganci ba. Ana iya samun wannan ta hanyar haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa na daidaitaccen samfurin. Abubuwan da aka noma a da suna da alamun alamomi daban-daban. Misali, sun fi mai da hankali kan kasancewar juriya da cuta, tunda a lokacin da aka kirkiresu har yanzu ba a sami irin wannan tsarin kariya irin shuka ba kamar yanzu, yana jan hankali ga manajan kasuwanci. HZPC Sadokas.
Fasaha ne mabuɗin
Kowane iri-iri yana buƙatar bin takamaiman takamaiman fasahar samarwa. "Misali, akwai nau'ikan dankalin turawa a layinmu, wanda yake daya daga cikin jagororin tallace-tallace a yau," in ji Anna Khrabrova. - Yanzu kasuwa ya san game da halayensa, kuma a zahiri yana sayar da kansa, amma bai zama haka ba lokaci ɗaya. Tabbas anyi aiki tare da manoman. Ga mutane da yawa, sabo ne ga abin da ake buƙata cewa wannan iri iri dole ne a dasa shi 2 cm zurfi fiye da daidaitaccen fasahar samarwa. Kuma waɗannan santimita suna ba tuber ƙarin sarari don samuwar katako, wanda ke ba su damar fahimtar ikonsu zuwa matsakaicin. " Wani misalin shine nau'ikan dake da mamayar apical (ci gaban itacen tuber tubal, wanda ke girma da sauri kuma yana jinkirin haɓakar haɓakar kai tsaye), ƙwararren masanin ya ci gaba. Kadan ne irin wadannan, amma sun wanzu, kuma daga cikinsu akwai shahararrun iri. Irin wannan keɓaɓɓen keɓaɓɓun nau'ikan dole ne a yi la'akari da su don zaɓar madaidaiciyar fasaha don shirye-shiryen kayan shuka. Yana da kyau a fasa itacen tsire-tsire a lokacin da ya dace, wanda zai ba wa marayan baya damar farka. Idan muka ɗauka cewa kowane tushe yana samar da tubers 3, to lissafin aikin yana bayyane. Maimakon ɗayan tsintsiya, tsire-tsire ya samar da harbe 3-4, kowannensu ya ba da tubers 3. Sanin nuances na noman iri-iri yana kawo fa'idar tattalin arziƙi bayyananne.
Dankali na masu noman Vologda Oblast sun san yadda sahihiyar fasahar namo take samun damar bunkasa harkar noma a zahiri daga lalacewa. A nan ne, a wurin wani babban kamfanin hada-hadar kayan gona da ya lalace a cikin karni tara, an kirkiro gonakin dankalin turawa na zamani.
Vasily Solovyov, shugabar wata gona (Vologda Oblast) ta ce, "Masana a kasar Finland sun gudanar da taron karawa juna sani kan noman dankalin turawa, wadanda Gundumar ta gayyace su. Sunyi magana game da ingantaccen noma da fasahar noman dankalin turawa. Sannan akwai alama a cikin aikin. Bayan haka akwai wasu kayan ajiya waɗanda zaku iya duba ku gano abin da yakamata ku mai da hankali akai. Kafin wannan, muna da ajiya a tsibiyoyi. An nuna mana yadda za mu tsara tsarin samar da kayayyaki, wani kwararre dan kasar Finland ya zo gonar kuma ya sarrafa gaba daya kan dankalin turawa na 'yan shekarun aikinmu. Methodsididdigar hanyoyin, koya don tsara yawan aiki. Ta amfani da dabarun, ya kirga abin da ƙarin girbi zai zama. Abin ya ba ni mamaki a lokacin. Turawa yayi karfi sosai. Ta haka ne abin ya faro. "
Yanzu Vasily Solovyov ya ƙware a noman dankali iri na manyan abubuwan haifuwa, farawa da ƙaramin tubers ya ƙare da haifuwa ta farko. Yankin shukar dankalin turawa ya mamaye kadada sama da 150. "Ma'aikata na dindindin shida suna cikin aikin," in ji agrarian. "Wato, ya zama cewa mutane kalilan ne ke amfani da fasahar zamani wajen samar da sama da tan dubu 5 na dankali." Ana sayar da dankali iri zuwa yankuna da yawa na Rasha - daga yankin Vologda zuwa Astrakhan. Gabaɗaya, gonar tana girma fiye da iri iri iri na dankali, shugaban gonar na hannun jari. Gonar wani bangare ne na tsarin samar da iri na farko a cikin garin Vologda; saida irin ta manyan haihuwa shine babban tushen samun kudin shiga.
Da yawa ƙarin gonaki suna tsunduma a cikin namo iri dankali na manyan haifuwa a cikin tsohuwar kasuwancin gona. Dukkanin su ɓangare ne na Ustyuzhensky Dankali ta Dankali, wanda Vasily Solovyov ke jagoranta.
Ingantaccen tsari
A halin yanzu, tare da dukkan ingancin halin da ake ciki tare da ci gaban kasuwar iri na dankalin turawa da kuma farfaɗo da noman iri na cikin gida, masana sun tantance sabbin dokokin da aka kafa a wannan yanki ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba. A ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2018, sabon GOST 33996-2016 don dankali mai haihuwa ya fara aiki, wanda ke ba da ɗan sauƙi a ɓangaren cututtukan dankalin turawa kuma wani ɓangare yana ba da gudummawa ga yaɗuwarsu cikin Rasha.
"Babban rukunan dankalin da manoma ke nomawa sune fitattu (ES) da haihuwa (RP), galibi noman na 1 ko na 2, wanda mafi karancin bukatun" mai laushi "ke biye da sabon GOST," in ji Alexander Hutti, shugaban sashen Laboratory cututtukan Dankalin Turawa na Rigakafin Shuka don Cutar VIZR Ya lura cewa waɗannan rukunin (ES, RP1 da RP2) suna kan gaba a fagen shuka da kuma sayan dankalin turawa, musamman daga ƙasashen waje. Latterarshen yana da mahimmanci, tunda "tsarki" na kayan shuka da aka shigo da su da kuma rashin ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ba keɓe keɓaɓɓen abu ne mai mahimmanci cikin haɓakar dankalin turawa kuma mabuɗin samun nasarar namo da haɓakar dankali, ƙwararren masanin ya gamsu.
Wani muhimmin mahimmanci: dankali shine kawai amfanin gona wanda asarar amfanin gona daga cututtukan "naman kaza" na iya zama har zuwa rabin damar, har ma tare da yin amfani da dabarun kariya, Alexander Hutti ya ci gaba. Haka kuma, sakamakon amfanin gona kusan zaiyi “tsafta” ko tare da alamun bayyanar cututtuka na wasu cututtuka. Haka kuma, sabon GOST baya la'akari da wani bangare na farawa na cututtukan cututtukan, wanda ake kira ko bayyana shi azaman "latent". Hadarin da ke tattare da irin wannan “latent” a bayyane ya ke daga sunan: in babu bayyanannun alamun hankula na abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar, dankalin iri da ya shafa “bama-bamai lokaci” wanda zai haifar da haifar da kamuwa da cuta da asarar amfanin gona zuwa digiri ɗaya ko wata, masanin ya yi gargaɗin.
A cewar wakilan theungiyar Dankalin Turawa, rashin daidaito da yawa a yau ya tashi saboda gaskiyar cewa sabon GOST ɗin ba na al'ada ba ne - an haɓaka shi ne ga dukan yankin ƙasashe na Unionungiyar Tattalin Arzikin Eurasia. “A wannan shekara, Cibiyar Nazarin Dukan Rasha ta Noma Dankali mai suna A.G. Lorkha, wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin masu haɓaka GOST, ya ba da sanarwar cewa yana niyyar inganta GOST na ƙasa don iri iri, - in ji Aleksey Krasilnikov. - Af, ana tattauna wannan ƙa'idar sosai, kuma mun kusanci tallafinta sosai. Haka ne, an tilasta mana kar mu tsaurara bukatun ga yawan cutar, saboda, in ba haka ba, yawancin kamfanonin iri ba za su iya saduwa da su ba. Za a bar mu kawai ba dankalin turawa. Wato, da ya zama, ba shakka, amma da bai biya bukatun ba, ”in ji wannan masanin.
Alexander Hutti, Shugaban Sashin Cututtukan Yankin Dankali, Labarin Yankin Cutar Tsirrai, VIZR “A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, musamman 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, alamun bayyanar cututtukan cututtukan dankalin Turawa sun canza da yawa. Misali, wakili na maganin black scab (naman kaza Rhizoctonia solani JG Kuhn) ko, kamar yadda ake kiranta, rhizoctonia yana ƙara zama ruwan dare a kan tubers a cikin takamaiman ƙayyadaddun cututtukan da ke da bambanci daban-daban, daga guda zuwa da yawa, a warwatse cikin hargitsi a kan tarin fuka. Irin waɗannan cututtukan cikin sauƙin za a iya rikita su tare da bayyanar da irin wannan cuta mai haɗari kamar ƙwalƙarin lumpy. Baya ga takamaiman ulcers, cutar ta bayyana kanta a cikin hanyar necrosis, fasa, sclerocial raga, lalacewar idanu da lenticels, kuma ƙasa da ƙasa sau da yawa a cikin sanannun sanannun fata sclerotia, yayin da sabon GOST ya fizge hankali kawai kan gano yanayin da aka ambata, kuma bai kamata a rufe cutar da su ba. kasa da 10% na yawan yankin da aka mamaye. In ba haka ba, tare da ƙarancin lalacewa, ana ɗaukar irin wannan cutar lafiya kuma ana iya amfani dashi don dalilai iri a cikin ɓangaren haihuwa. Bugu da kari, abin mamakin shine babu wani bayani cewa girman sclerotia tana da matukar mahimmanci dangane da iyawar cutar da cutarwa da akeyi, tunda mafi girman sclerotia, hakan yafi cutarwa. Kuma ƙananan sclerotia yawanci suna haifar da hanyar aminci ta rayuwa ba tare da cutar da tarin ƙwayar ba, kuma alal misali, kasancewar manyan sclerotia sune mafi haɗari: zasu haifar da cutarwa fiye da ƙananan ƙananan.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa, ga sauran cututtukan fungal, sabon GOST yana da gefe ɗaya, saboda wasu dalilai yana la'akari da takamaiman bayyanar alamun cutar ta musamman cuta. A matsayinka na mai mulki, cututtukan cututtukan dankalin turawa da yawa sun shiga cikin kamuwa da cuta, tare da bambanci kawai shine cewa cutar guda ɗaya ita ce tushen cutar, sauran kuma suna da alaƙa daga baya, suna sa binciken ya zama da wahala ko kuma haifar da ƙudurin rashin daidaituwa na pathogen saboda alamun bayyanar cuta. Dangane da wannan, gano asalin pathogen ba tare da cikakken nazarin yanayin hadaddun kwayoyin na iya aiki nan gaba ba don sanya sashen haihuwa. Abin ban sha'awa, a cikin sabon GOST, lokacin da aka gano ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa akan tarin fitsari, guda ɗaya ne kawai aka zaɓa daga jerin a cikin jerin jerin samarwa, sauran ba a la'akari dasu ba kwata-kwata, wanda yayi kama da ɗan abin mamaki. Misali, kwayar cutar anthracnose da blackleg, phomosis, fusarium da alternariosis, wanda zai iya faruwa a jikin tarin kwayoyin cutar a lokaci guda kuma yayi aiki a matsayin ba daidai ba ne, ana iya ambata. "
source: https://www.agroinvestor.ru