Daga mujallar: No. 3 2016
Category: Yanki
Yanki: 76624 km2
Yawan jama'a: 3 mutane, wanda 260% mazauna birnin ne.
Matsayi na yanki: Yankin Nizhny Novgorod yana iyaka da arewa maso yamma da yankin Kostroma, a arewa maso gabas - tare da yankin Kirov, a gabas - tare da Jamhuriyar Mari El da Chuvashia, a kudu - tare da Jamhuriyar Mordovia, a cikin kudu maso yamma - tare da yankin Ryazan, a yamma - tare da yankin Vladimir da yankunan Ivanovo.
Sauyin yanayi yanayi na nahiya, tare da sanyi, dogon lokacin sanyi da gajere, lokacin zafi mai zafi. Babban bambance-bambancen yanayi yana bayyana tare da layin arewa-kudu, tsakanin yankin Volga da Bankin Dama. Matsakaicin yanayin iska na shekara-shekara ya bambanta daga 3.0ºC a arewa zuwa 4.5ºC a kudancin yankin. A cikin shekara, kimanin 600-650 mm na hazo ya faɗi a cikin yankin Volga da 500-550 mm a Bankin Dama, tare da kashi biyu bisa uku a cikin ruwan sama. Daga Satumba zuwa Mayu, iskar kudu da kudu maso yamma suna mamaye yankin, kuma a cikin watanni na rani - arewa maso yamma. Matsakaicin gudun iska na shekara-shekara shine 3-4 m/s.
Taimako: yankin yana tsakiyar yankin Gabashin Turai. Yankin ya kasu kashi biyu kusan daidai gwargwado: yankin dajin daji na Trans-Volga (tare da yanki na kilomita 42).2) da kuma yankin Volga mai tsayi kusan babu bishiya.
Ilsasa: sod-podzolic da kasa na podzolic sun mamaye (kashi 66% na ƙasa); m gandun daji mamaye 16,3%; chernozemic 7,9%; 3,6% ambaliyar ruwa marsh da peat 6,2%.
Yankin ƙasar noma: 3059,7 dubu ha
Babban aikin da ke gaban ma'aikata a cikin rukunin masana'antu na agro-masana'antu na yankin Nizhny Novgorod shine samun nasarar warware matsalolin dogaro da kai na yankin tare da kayan abinci na yau da kullun. Kuma dankali a yankin Nizhny Novgorod na daga cikin muhimman amfanin gona na noma kuma ana amfani da su don abinci da ciyarwa, sannan kuma danye ne na masana'antar sarrafa su.
A kan tallafawa girma dankalin turawa a cikin yankin Nizhny Novgorod
Daga shekarar 2016, an shirya bayar da tallafi ga masu noma don samar da tallafin da ba ya da alaka da noman dankalin iri da kayan lambu na budadden kasa. Za a ba da tallafi a kowace hectare 1 na yankin da aka shuka wanda dankalin iri da kayan lambu na budadden ƙasa suka mamaye. Ana ba da gudummawar wannan tallafin jihar ta hanyar Dokar Gwamnatin Jihar Nizhny Novgorod No. 12.06.2016 ranar 451 ga Yuni, 2016. A cikin 5,9, 1,9 miliyan rubles daga kasafin kudin tarayya da XNUMX miliyan rubles daga kasafin kudin yankin.
Agroindustrial hadaddun kungiyoyin tsunduma a dankalin turawa, suna da hakkin su sami tallafi don mayar da wani ɓangare na ribar kudi na gajeren lokaci da kuma zuba jari rance janyo hankalin da manufar bunkasa dankalin turawa noma bisa ga dokar da gwamnatin Tarayyar Rasha kwanan wata Disamba 28.12.2012. 1460 No. 25.03.2013 da Dokokin Gwamnatin Jihar Nizhny Novgorod ranar Maris 173, 02.11.2012 No. 781, kwanan wata XNUMX No. XNUMX.
Bugu da ƙari, Shirin Target na Tarayya "Haɓaka Ƙaddamar da Ƙasar Noma a Rasha don 2014 - 2020" yana aiki a yankin Nizhny Novgorod. A cikin tsarin wannan shirin, ana ba da tallafi don ginawa, sake ginawa da kuma sake sabunta fasaha na ban ruwa da tsarin magudanar ruwa don amfanin gabaɗaya da mutum ɗaya, gami da shuka dankali.
Ana biyan tallafin ga masu karɓa a cikin adadin da bai wuce 50% na adadin kuɗin da aka kashe a zahiri kuma an biya ba, amma bai wuce 50% na ƙimar da aka kiyasta na ginin (sake ginawa, sake-sake kayan fasaha) na tsarin sake fasalin ba. A cikin 2016, an amince da 2016 miliyan rubles don wannan yanki a cikin doka "A kan kasafin kudin yanki na 60", ciki har da 54 miliyan rubles daga kasafin kudin tarayya da 6 miliyan rubles daga kasafin kudin yankin.
Shekarar 2015
A cewar Ƙungiyar Ƙididdigar Ƙididdigar Jihar Tarayya na Yankin Nizhny Novgorod, a cikin 2015, yankin da ke ƙarƙashin dankalin turawa a cikin gonaki na kowane nau'i ya kai 52,3 hectares (104% na matakin 2014), 950,6 ton dubu (114%). an samar da matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa 183 c/ha.
Matsayin wadatar kai a cikin dankali a yankin Nizhny Novgorod a cikin 2015 ya kasance 122,2%. A yau, yankin Nizhny Novgorod ya cika bukatunsa, kuma ya sami nasarar sayar da rarar girbi zuwa wasu yankuna na Tarayyar Rasha.
Samar da irin dankalin turawa
Kimanin gonaki 240 (kamfanonin noma 77 da kuma gonakin manoma kusan 160) ne ke aikin noman dankalin kasuwanci a yankin.
Don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na masu samar da kayayyaki tare da iri mai inganci da kayan shuka a cikin yankin Nizhny Novgorod, Elite kimiyya da tsarin samarwa yana aiki. A cikin 2015, ya haɗa da gonakin iri 35, waɗanda manyan gonaki 13 suka kware wajen samar da irin dankalin turawa. Ana yin haifuwa a cikin nau'ikan 22. Ana samar da kimanin ton dubu 5 na dankalin turawa mafi girma a kowace shekara, wanda kusan tan dubu 3,5 ana sayar da su zuwa wasu yankuna na Rasha.
Bugu da kari, a kan tushen LLC Elitkhoz (birnin Bor) da LLC Agrofirma Metallurg (reshen Novodmitrievskoye, birnin Vyksa) akwai dakunan gwaje-gwaje guda biyu don samar da ƙwayoyin dankalin turawa marasa cutarwa. Ayyukan dakunan gwaje-gwaje don samar da nau'in dankalin turawa na farko yana ba da damar samar da kusan guda dubu 220 na mini-tubers na shekara-shekara, wanda, tare da zaɓin clonal na shekara-shekara a cikin gandun daji ta hanyar amfani da ELISA (ƙimar immunosorbent mai alaƙa da enzyme), yana ba da garantin samarwa na shekara-shekara. game da 3-3,5 dubu tons lafiya Elite dankali. Wadannan juzu'i sun cika bukatun gonaki a yankin Nizhny Novgorod don kayan iri (I - III haifuwa), sannan sabuntawa iri-iri ko canjin iri-iri.
Kayan aikin masana'antu
Nasarar gonakin dankalin turawa ya dogara ne ba kawai akan ci gaban fasahar zamani ba, har ma da haɓakawa da haɓaka tsarin ajiya. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, manyan gonaki da yawa a yankin sun saka hannun jari don gina sabbin wuraren ajiyar dankalin turawa tare da tsarin kula da yanayi, tare da siyan kayan aiki don rarrabawa, adanawa, wankewa, kwasfa da tattara dankali.
Misalai sun haɗa da Latkin LLC na gundumar Arzamas, wanda a kan tushensa akwai wurin ajiyar zamani don ton dubu 20 na dankali, Kamfanin Agrotrade LLC, STEK LLC na gundumar Bogorodsky ( wurin ajiya na ton dubu 25), Axentis LLC na Gorodetsky. gundumar (ƙarfin ajiya don ton dubu 20 tare da dakin gwaje-gwaje). AFG National Nizhny Novgorod LLC tana gina sabon rukunin ajiya mai karfin ton 16 a gundumar Lukoyanovsky.
Gabaɗaya, a cikin yankin Nizhny Novgorod akwai wuraren ajiyar dankalin turawa tare da adadin ton 568 dubu. Akwai wuraren ajiyar dankalin turawa da aka gina a cikin 60s na karnin da ya gabata waɗanda ke buƙatar babban sake ginawa.
Manyan gonaki
Duka manyan kamfanonin noma da gonakin manoma suna aiki a yankin. Wani muhimmin yanayi don motsin su gaba shine sauyawa zuwa samar da masana'antu, ta yin amfani da damar kimiyya da fasaha na masana'antu da kuma mafi kyawun ayyuka na kamfanoni masu nasara a wannan yanki.
LLC "Latkin" (Arzamas gundumar)
Yankin da aka shuka na dankalin turawa a cikin 2015 shine hectare 1400, babban girbi shine ton dubu 50,4 tare da matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na 360 c/ha. Gona ta bullo da fasahar noman dankalin turawa ta Holland. An sayi kayan aikin ban ruwa tare da fara aiki a kan wani yanki mai girman kadada 400, wanda ke ba da damar haɓaka amfanin dankalin turawa da kashi 50%. Ana amfani da injina da kayan aiki na zamani, gami da masu girbin dankalin turawa masu sarrafa kansu. A shekara ta 2010, an saka wurin ajiyar dankalin turawa mai amfani da yawa tare da microclimate mai sarrafawa tare da damar tan 20 gabaɗaya. Wurin ajiyar dankalin turawa yana da taron bita na wanke-wanke, kwasfa da kuma tattara kayayyakin, wasu daga cikinsu ana yin su a cikin marufi. A cikin 000, an sayi kayan aiki masu rikitarwa tare da aiwatar da su, waɗanda suka haɗa da wankewa, goge goge, da tattara dankali a cikin ƙananan fakiti (kilogram 2014-2) masu ƙarfin har zuwa ton 3 a kowace awa. Gidan gonar yana da wuraren ajiyar dankalin turawa guda 40 da jimilar ajiyar tan dubu 13, da suka hada da tan dubu 45,4 na ajiyar kwantena da tan dubu 4,5 tare da na'urorin sanyaya.
Aksentis LLC (Gorodetsky gundumar)
A cikin 2015, an shuka kadada 500 na dankali a gonar. An samar da tan dubu 21,9 na dankali tare da matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na 438 c/ha. An gina waɗannan abubuwan kuma suna aiki: hadaddun wuraren ajiyar dankalin turawa na kasuwanci tare da jimlar ajiya fiye da ton dubu 15, tare da hanyar fasaha (don tattara dankalin kasuwanci) tare da yanki na 3 sq.m. ; hadaddun wuraren ajiyar nau'in kwantena don asali da fitattun tsaba dankalin turawa tare da jimlar fiye da ton dubu 4,5; dakin gwaje-gwaje gini don yaduwa na dankalin turawa mini-tubers.
TNV "Mir" Yashchenko A.V. da kamfanin" (Gorodetsky gundumar)
Yankin da aka shuka na dankalin turawa a cikin 2015 shine kadada 470, babban girbi shine ton dubu 19,2 tare da matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na 409,3 c/ha. Akwai wuraren ajiyar dankalin turawa guda bakwai masu karfin tan dubu 7,2.
LLC "PC "Nizhny Novgorod dankalin turawa tsarin" (Shatkovsky gundumar)
Yankin da aka shuka na dankalin turawa a cikin 2015 shine hectare 300, babban girbi shine ton dubu 14,8 tare da matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na 494,4 c/ha. Jimlar adadin ajiya shine ton dubu 13.
LLC "Zhniva" (Arzamas gundumar)
Yankin da aka shuka na dankalin turawa a cikin 2015 shine hectare 290, babban girbi shine ton dubu 14,5 tare da matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na 500 c/ha. Akwai wuraren ajiyar dankalin turawa guda biyar wadanda adadinsu ya kai ton dubu 14,5, wadanda suka hada da tan dubu 3,1 na ajiyar kwantena da tan dubu 3 masu dauke da na'urorin sanyaya.
Agrofirma Iskra LLC (Bogorodsky gundumar)
Yankin da aka shuka na dankalin turawa a cikin 2015 shine hectare 450, babban girbi shine ton dubu 11,9 tare da matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na 264 c/ha. Akwai wuraren ajiyar dankalin turawa guda biyar tare da jimlar nauyin tan dubu 14. Wurin ajiya mai karfin tan dubu 2,5 yana sanye da firiji. Shahararrun masana'antar haɓaka iri ce don dankalin turawa na Red Scarlett.
LLC "FH Yalina A.P." (Arzamas gundumar)
Yankin da aka shuka na dankalin turawa a cikin 2015 shine hectare 150, babban girbi shine ton dubu 7,2 tare da matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na 480 c/ha. Akwai wuraren ajiyar dankalin turawa guda biyu tare da jimlar nauyin ton dubu 7, gami da tan 500 na ajiyar kwantena da ton 500 tare da kayan sanyi.
Garin gonaki "Red Lighthouse" (Gorodetsky gundumar)
Yankin da aka shuka na dankalin turawa a cikin 2015 shine hectare 160, babban girbi shine ton dubu 6,4 tare da matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na 400 c/ha. Akwai wuraren ajiyar dankalin turawa guda biyar tare da jimlar nauyin tan dubu 4,5. Shahararriyar sana'a ce mai girma iri don dankali da amfanin gona.
Labzin S.A. girma (Arzamas gundumar)
Yankin da aka shuka na dankalin turawa a cikin 2015 shine hectare 100, babban girbi shine ton dubu 4,5 tare da matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na 450 c/ha. Gidan gonar yana da wuraren ajiyar dankalin turawa guda hudu da jimillar ajiyar tan dubu 7, da suka hada da tan dubu 1 na ajiyar kwantena da tan dubu daya da na'urorin sanyaya.
Farmakin manoma Vizgunov K.V. (Spassky gundumar)
Yankin da aka shuka na dankalin turawa a cikin 2015 shine hectare 80, babban girbi shine ton dubu 3,6 tare da matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na 450 c/ha. Jimillar ƙarfin ajiya shine ton dubu 10.
Ci gaban irin waɗannan kamfanoni yana ba da damar warware ba kawai batutuwan tsaro na abinci tare da dankali mai inganci mai inganci ba, har ma da batutuwan ci gaban yankunan karkara. Wannan shine samar da ayyukan yi, karin albashi, kyautata zamantakewar kauyen, kayyade farashin kayayyakin abinci na yau da kullun.
Shirye-shirye da kuma abubuwan da za a yi don 2016
A cikin 2016, shirin "Haɓaka sake dawo da filayen noma a yankin Nizhny Novgorod na 2016-2020" ya fara aiki a yankin Nizhny Novgorod. A cikin wannan shirin, a bana an yi shirin kara yawan yankunan da ke karkashin dankali da kayan marmari saboda filayen noman noma da hekta 3116 da kuma samun sama da tan dubu 41 na dankali da kayan marmari a karkashin ban ruwa.
Kamar yadda aka sani, yawan amfanin da ake samu daga filayen noma da ake nomawa ya ninka sau 2,5 fiye da na wuraren da ake noman ruwa ba tare da ban ruwa ba, kuma yawan ma'aikata da ingancin amfani da albarkatun kasa da na kayan aiki da fasaha gami da takin zamani ya karu sau biyu zuwa uku. Yawan amfanin dankalin turawa yana ƙaruwa da sau 1,5-2 kuma ya kai 450-600 centns a kowace hectare, kayan lambu - sau uku kuma ya kai 300 cents a kowace hectare. A sakamakon haka, ƙaddamar da ban ruwa yana haifar da raguwar farashin kayayyaki ga masu amfani da ƙarshen.
Bugu da kari, an mai da hankali sosai a yankin wajen magance matsalolin zamani da gina wuraren ajiyar dankalin turawa da kayan lambu wadanda suka dace da bukatun zamani. Wannan shirin na tarayya ne ya sauƙaƙa don sabuntawa da sake gina wuraren ajiyar dankalin turawa da kayan lambu, gidajen gine-gine tare da haɗin gwiwa daga kasafin kuɗi na yanki. A wannan shekara, an shirya don ware kimanin 10,0 miliyan rubles daga kasafin kudin yankin don waɗannan abubuwan.
An shirya kayan Ma'aikatar Noma na yankin Nizhny Novgorod