Dankali asu Phthorimae operculella Zeller kwaro ne mai haɗarin gaske wanda ke yaduwa a duk nahiyoyin da dankali ke girma
Sakewar dankalin turawa da kwari kwari ya faru tare da kwayar cuta, wanda aka fara fitarwa daga yankuna na Kudancin Amurka, sannan daga sakandare na kwaro (bisa ga FSBI VNIIKR).
A cikin Tarayyar Rasha, an gano asu dankalin turawa a cikin 1981-1983. a wurare daban-daban na Tekun Bahar Maliya na Caucasus, daga Anapa zuwa Adler.
Fodder tsire-tsire na kwari don dankalin turawa, kwari da tsire-tsire na daji na dangin Nightshade: dankali, eggplant, taba, fis, fisbane, dope A kansu, kwaro ya inganta sosai kuma yana ba da zuriya masu yawa. Zuwa mafi ƙarancin kaɗan, barkono, tumatir da sauran wakilan dutsen Namiji sun lalace. A wuraren da suka dace da ci gaban kwaro, musamman a ƙasashe masu zafi, amfanin gona da aka girbe za a iya lalata shi ta wannan kwaro.
A asu dankalin turawa yana tasowa ba tare da diapause ba. Thofar ƙananan ci gaba ita ce + 10 ° С, babba ita ce + 35 ° С. Ci gaba yana faruwa koyaushe a tsakanin waɗannan jeren yanayin zafin jiki. A yanayin zafi ƙasa da -4 ° C zuwa sama + 36 ° C, duk matakan ci gaba sun mutu. Lokaci na ci gaba ya dogara sosai da yanayin zafi. A zafin jiki mafi kyau na 20-27 ° C, ƙarni ɗaya na kwarin dankalin turawa yana haɓaka cikin kwanaki 28-30, kuma a 8-20 ° C, -120-150.
A cikin wuraren ajiya tare da zafin jiki mai sarrafawa tare da tsarin adana mafi kyau na + 3 ... + 5 ° С a tsakanin watanni 4-5, duk matakan cigaban kwari sun mutu ko sun zama marasa ƙarfi. Butterflies suna tashi a farkon bazara kuma ana samun su har zuwa ƙarshen Oktoba. A lokacin rani, ana yin ayyukan malam buɗe ido a yamma, kai tsaye bayan faɗuwar rana da kuma fitowar rana. A lokacin bazara na bazara, yana faruwa yayin rana, yana da tsananin zafi a 18 ° C. Butterflies ba sa tashi a yanayin zafi ƙasa da 13 ° C.
Imago yana rayuwa tsawon kwanaki 10-12. Mata suna kwance a kan ƙwai 60-110, matsakaici - 400 ƙwai. Matsakaicin adadin butterflies ana kiyaye shi kafin girbin dankali.
Dankali asu ka bar don wintering a matakai daban-daban na ci gaba, duk da haka, kawai caterpillars na huɗu da pupae da suka gama ciyar na iya overwinter. Kwaro overwinters a cikin tarkace na shuka, a cikin ƙasa a zurfin 5-7 cm, a cikin ajiya.
Matattara mai cutarwa shine masara, wanda ke lalata ganyayyaki, ganyaye da 'ya'yan itace. Dasa tubers suna lalacewa ne kawai a inda suka iso farfaɗo ko fasa ƙasa ake samunta a saman su. A cikin Tarayyar Rasha, asu dankalin turawa ba ya tasiri yawan amfanin gonar dankalin turawa a filin. Babban cutar ana aikatawa lokacin ajiya na tubers, musamman a cikin kantuna tare da zazzabi wanda ba a sarrafa shi ba a 10-15 ° С kuma sama. Tubers tare da sassa da tsallake daga cikin kwaro a karkashin fata da kuma a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara an ajiye marasa kyau, mafi lalace ta cututtuka, rasa gabatar da ingancinsu.
Shuka amfanin gona na dare, saiti na ƙungiya, tattalin arziki da matakan noma ya kamata a lura dasu:
- juyawar amfanin gona tare da jujjuyawar amfanin gona na aƙalla shekaru uku, tare da keɓance keɓaɓɓiyar wuri na sababbin amfanin gona daga tsofaffin gonaki da shagunan kayan lambu na aƙalla kilomita ɗaya;
- lalata tsarin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a ɓarkewar asu dankalin turawa;
- don dasa dankali, sai ayi amfani da lafiyayyen iri. Dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai dumi (dumama zurfin 14 cm). Lokacin girma, shuke-shuke ya kamata a kai a kai spud, guje fallasa da tubers, watering;
- girbi ya kamata a gudanar da wuri-wuri a farkon launin ruwan saman saman. Kwanaki 5-7 kafin girbin dankali, ya zama dole a yanka kuma a lalata ɓangaren da ke sama. Dole ne a cire dankalin da aka tono daga shafin a kowace rana, dole ne a lalata tubers mara kyau da sauran ragowar tsire-tsire kai tsaye.
Lokacin dasa shuki da lokacin tsiro dankali, yana da matukar mahimmanci a dauki matakan kariya a kan hadaddiyar kwaro, wanda ya hada da magance tubers tare da maganin kwari da aka yiwa rajista don wadannan dalilai a cikin “Kundin Tarihi na Magungunan Kwayoyi da Tsarin Harochemicals” da fesa su bisa ga ka’idoji da ka'idodi don amfaninsu a lokacin daga farkon mulkin mallaka ta Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro (ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon watan Mayu) har zuwa ƙarshen fure dankali tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki 10-14. Game da maimaita magani a daidai lokacin guda, don hana ci gaban juriya a cikin kwari, ƙwayoyin kwari daga aji daban-daban ya kamata a sauya madadin shirye-shiryen da aka yi hade da su.
Ya kamata a adana dankalin turawa a zazzabi na + 3 ... + 5 ° С - a ƙasa ƙofar ci gaban ƙwari (+10 ° С). Bayar da ajiyar dankalin turawa ta yadda ba za a yi amfani da butterflies asu dankalin jirgin sama ba. Kafin kwanciya don adanawa, ya zama dole a rusa wuraren da shirye-shiryen bisa ga aluminium phosphide kuma a bi da tubers dankalin turawa tare da maganin 1% na shirin microbiological Lepidocid P, SK, SK-M ta hanyar nitsar da tubers a cikin dakatarwar 1% na shiri na 4-5 minti a kan farashin 100 lita 15 tan dankali, bayan an bushe su a inuwa kuma a ajiye su.
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