CIGABA DA FASAHA AIKIN NOMA: DAMA DOMIN BIDI'A
A ranar 15 ga watan Agusta, kusa da ƙauyen Rogachevo, gundumar Dmitrovsky, Yankin Moscow, an gudanar da Dankalin Taron Dankali-2018, wanda aka sadaukar domin inganta fasahar fasaha da sabbin abubuwa a fannin aikin gona.
An shirya taron ne: Doka-Gene Technologies LLC, Cibiyar Binciken Bincike na PhytoEngineering LLC, Resistom International Laboratory LLC, Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin Kimiya ta Bioorganic mai suna Malaman M.M. Shemyakina da Yu.A. Ovchinnikova RAS, ofungiyar potatoungiyar masu samar da dankalin turawa "Sabuwar Dankali". Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayyar Rasha, da Asusun Tallafawa da Ayyukan kere-kere, da Gidauniyar Skolkovo, da Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Rasha.
Taron ya samu halartar Mataimakin Shugaban Kasar Rasha A.A. Fursenko, Sakataren Majalisar Tarayya na Tsarin Kimiyya da Fasaha na Tarayya don Haɓaka Aikin Noma na shekarar 2017-2025 E.K. Nechaeva, Babban Daraktan Asusun Tallata Innovation S.G. Polyakov, masanin kimiyya, mataimakin shugaban RAS I.M. Donnik, masanin ilimin kimiyya, darektan Cibiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin Kimiya ta Kwayoyin Kwayoyin Kimiyya ta Rasha A.G. Gabibov, Mataimakin Ministan Ilimin Kimiyya da Kimiyya E.V. Zhuravleva, Shugaban Ofishin Shirye-shiryen da Ayyuka na Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Rasha A.N. Blinov, Mataimakin Shugaba na RSAU MSHA S.L. Belopukhov, Ministan Noma na Yankin Moscow A.V. Razin, shugaban gundumar Dmitrovsky, E.B. Kyaftar
Babban taron kasuwancin kasuwanci na dandalin shine taron kimiyya da amfani "CRISPR-Cas tsarin wajen gyara kwayoyin halittar dankali da sauran albarkatu", wanda ya gabatar da sakamakon bincike na asali da kuma amfani da kamfanonin DokaGin tare da hadin gwiwar masana kimiyya daga Cibiyar Kimiyyar Bioorganic Chemistry ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha da Jami'ar Jihar Moscow tare da tallafin Asusun Kimiyya na Rasha.
Game da taron, kazalika da sauran muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a wannan rana, mun tambayi Pavel Ivanov, shugaban kamfanin siyarwar dankalin turawa da kuma kamfanonin bincike na kamfanin DokaJin.
- Pavel, da fasaha na gyaran kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙwararrun masaniyar dankalin turawa ba kasafai ake tattaunawa ba, kodayake batun ya dace sosai. Me yasa kuke tunani?
- A Rasha (da kuma duniya gabaɗaya), fasahar gyaran kwayar halitta har yanzu ba ta yadu ba, wannan sabuwar hanya ce. Zuwa ga haka
a kasarmu, ana iya samun nasarorin da aka samu a wannan fannin da taka tsantsan; ga mafi yawan mutane, shuka da aka ci gaba da gyara kwayoyin halitta ana canza shi ta hanyar dabi'a, duk da cewa a zahiri wannan ba haka bane ko kadan.
Doca - Kayan kere-kere na kwayoyin halitta ya shiga cikin gyaran kwayoyin fiye da shekaru uku. Baƙi na taron za su iya fahimtar kansu game da nasarorin da masananmu suka samu ta hanyar ziyartar wurin zanga-zangar kamfanin, inda aka gabatar da tsire-tsire na dankalin turawa na Chicago, wanda a ciki, ta yin amfani da fasahar gyaran halittar CRome ta CRISPR-Cas da kuma hanyoyin kare lafiyar halittu na isar da ƙwayoyin halittar da Doca ya mallaka - Genetic Technologies LLC »Kwayar Coilin, wacce ta ba da damar samun shuke-shuke da suka fi juriya ga kwayar Y, da kuma damuwar osmotic (don noman dankali a kan ƙarin ƙasashen gishiri). Hakanan a shafin ya kasance akwai yiwuwar bincika shuke-shuke iri-iri na Chicago tare da wani ɓangaren "kashewa" na ɓarkewar ɓarna, ɓataccen abun ciki na rage sugars kuma, daidai da haka, tare da rage samuwar acrylamide yayin samar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta.
- Shin akwai matsaloli tare da aiwatar da fasaha?
- Har yanzu akwai tambayoyi da yawa.
Da fari dai, duk da hanyar biosafe na isar da tsaran kwayoyin da muka kirkira, fasahar gyara CRISPR-Cas ita kanta Rasha ba, kuma don amfanin ta ba don kimiyya ba amma don dalilai na kasuwanci, ana buƙatar izinin masu haƙƙin mallaka.
Abu na biyu, tsire-tsire da aka shirya ta wannan hanyar, ba shakka, ba a la'akari da su kamar transgenic (GMOs), amma matsayin su a cikin Tarayyar Rasha ba a kafa ta hanyar doka ba. Ra'ayoyi a duniya kuma sun rarrabu: a cikin Amurka irin wannan tsire-tsire ba a rarrabasu azaman GMOs, kuma a cikin EU, kwanan nan, suna da ra'ayi akasin haka.
Bugu da kari, madadin fasahar CRISPR ta rigaya ta bullo a cikin jama'ar kimiyya, dangane da kaddarorin nau'ikan RNA don daidaita ayyukan kwayoyin halittu, da kan sifofin peptides don tsara yadda ake gudanar da tsiro a cikin tsirrai.
Amfanin waɗannan fasahohin shine cewa sun fi arha, sauƙin amfani kuma tabbas ba za a iya fassara su azaman GMO ba. A cikin wannan shugabanci, ba kamar CRISPR-Cas ba, kimiyyar cikin gida tana da kyakkyawar dama ba don tarar da fasahar mutanen da ke zuwa ba, amma don ƙirƙirar sabon tsarin fasaha, yana riƙe da matsayin jagoranci.
- A wurin taron, DokaGin Group of Companies suma sun gabatar da ire-irensu. Ina masu kiwon ki zasu tafi? Menene ake buƙata akan kasuwa a yau?
- Duk ire-iren da muka kawo kasuwa (Carmen, Firayim Minista, Flamingo, Indigo, Real) suna bada girma, yawan amfanin da ake samu ya kai 70 t / ha. Wani fasalin yanayin zaɓin mu shine nau'ikan inganci masu ƙima tare da daidaiton ƙumshi na tubers, idanu marasa haske da fata mai sheki.
- Yayin tattaunawar akwai gabatar da aikin kayan aikin kare halittu bisa tsoma bakin RNA. Faɗa mana game da shi.
- Ba kamar yadda ake sabawa na gargajiya na aikin da aka tsara ba bisa ga abubuwan da suka hada da kwayoyin cuta da kwayoyin cuta (wato, "abokan gaba" na kwayoyin cuta), wadanda aka bunkasa a kamfanin mu na tsawon shekaru kuma har ma an gwada su a kan mai jigilar kayanmu (wankakken dankalin kafin shiryawa da aikawa zuwa sarƙoƙin sayarwa ana gudanar da irin wannan magani), wannan aikin yana da nufin ƙirƙirar sabon ƙarni na kayayyakin halittu don kariya ga shuke-shuke dankalin turawa a cikin filin ta hanyar jiyya da yawa a lokacin noman. Sunan kimiyyar daidai na maganin shi ne: maganin feshi da aka yi amfani da shi wanda ke ba da tasirin tsangwama na RNA a kan ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayar cuta.
Biyu daga cikin mahimmancin barazanar tattalin arziƙi ga manoma an zaɓi su azaman ƙwayoyin cuta - Y da ƙarancin ƙarshen dankalin turawa. Yayinda aikin yake a matakin R&D. Ya kamata a lura cewa yanke shawara baya tare da canjin GM na shuka kanta.
Dangane da kididdigar kwamitin shirya, a wannan shekarar fiye da baƙi 300 ne suka halarci Taron Dankali. Muna da tabbacin kowane ɗayansu ya sami bayanai masu amfani da yawa, an yi wahayi ne da sabbin dabaru kuma suna karɓar ƙarfin kuzari har zuwa taro na gaba a ƙauyen Rogachevo.