Yadda dankalin turawa yake zaune ya zama kashi na hudu na samar da abinci na kasar Sin
Kasancewa da irin kwarewar dankali, kasar Sin a cikin shekaru XNUMX da suka gabata tana kara samar da wannan amfanin gona kuma ta zama babbar mai samar da dankalin turawa a duniya.
A shekarar 2015, Kwalejin Kimiyya ta kasar Sin ta ba da shawarar cewa hukuma ta dauki dabarar ci gaba da kuma amfani da dankali a matsayin babban abinci don tabbatar da tsaron abinci a cikin gida. A shekarar 2016, gwamnatin kasar Sin ta fitar da "Ka'idodi don Ci gaban Dankalin Dankali". Bayan haka, larduna da biranen sun kuma aiwatar da manufofin da suka dace don inganta samarwa da haɓaka buƙatar dankali.
Masu farfagandar sun fuskanci aikin sanya dankali a matsayin babban abincin da Sinawa suka bi ta kowace hanya.
Dangane da fifikon masu sayen Sinawa, an samar da wadatattun kayan dankalin turawa, wadanda suka hada da burodin dankalin turawa, noodles dankalin turawa da gari. Sama da kayayyakin dankalin turawa 200, kamar faransancin daskararre, soyayyen dankalin turawa, dankalin turawa, dankalin turawa, kayan lemun dankali da sauran ire iren abubuwan shiga, an kawo su kasuwa.
Wannan ya kara bukatar dankalin dankalin turawa. Don haka, dankali a cikin Sin ya zama abinci na huɗu, tare da shinkafa, alkama da masara, a tarihi ba kasancewa babban ɓangare na abincin Sin ba.
Daga shekarar 2007 zuwa shekarar 2016, yawan amfani da dankalin sabo a kasar Sin ya karu daga kilogram 30 zuwa kilo 52, yana karuwa da kashi 5,6% a kowace shekara, har yanzu akwai sauran saurin bunkasuwar kasuwar nan gaba.
Daga 2007 zuwa 2016, yankin da ke karkashin dankali a cikin PRC ya karu daga kadada miliyan 4,5 zuwa kadada miliyan 5,6, kuma ana hasashen yanayin ci gaba mai saurin zuwa nan gaba.
A wannan lokacin, noman dankalin turawa ya karu daga tan miliyan 65 zuwa tan miliyan 97.
Matsayi na yanzu ya fi ban mamaki, ganin cewa samar da dankalin Turawa a kasar Sin bai wuce tan miliyan 10 fiye da kwanan nan a 1986 ba.
Amfanin gona da naúrar yanki ya haura daga ton 15 17 / ha zuwa tan 2007 / ha daga 2016 zuwa XNUMX.
Koyaya, yawan amfanin da aka samu yayi ƙasa da matsakaicin duniya (ton 20 / ha), kuma yayi ƙasa sosai da ƙasashen da suka ci gaba (ton 40 / ha), kamar su Netherlands, Faransa, Amurka da New Zealand.
Don haka, akwai yuwuwar samun babban ci gaba a cikin amfanin gonar dankalin turawa, kuma masana kimiyya suna ba da himma a cikin wannan.
Yankunan da aka shuka dankalin Turawa suna daɗaɗawa sosai a cikin Sin, tare da kashi 49% na shuka a Arewacin China, inda ake girbi amfanin gona guda a kowace shekara.
Kashi 39 cikin dari suna cikin kudu maso yammacin China, inda ana samun tsaftataccen gida da kuma tsabtace guda biyu.
Kashi 5 cikin dari ya faɗi a tsakiyar China, inda yawancin amfanin gona biyu ke girbewa.
A karshe, kashi 7% na dankali ake shukawa a Kudancin China, gami da Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan da Taiwan, inda suke girbi amfanin gona biyu.
Lokacin gajeren tsiro da daidaituwa mai yawa na dankalin turawa ya sa ya dace da wurare daban-daban da nau'ikan yanayi a kasar Sin, yana ba ku damar samun ingantaccen kayan abinci duk shekara.
Saboda dalilai daban-daban, dankali yana da damar da za a iya kara yawan wuraren da aka shuka da amfanin gona a kasar Sin fiye da shinkafa, alkama ko masara.
A karkashin yanayin da ake ciki, a cikin gajeren lokaci, mutum na iya tsammanin karuwa a matsakaiciyar yawan dankalin turawa daga ton 17 / ha zuwa tan 22 tan / ha da haɓaka yankin da aka shuka daga miliyan 5,6 zuwa 8,0 miliyan ha. A cewar manazarta, karin ci gaba a cikin samar da dankalin turawa zai taimaka matuka ga gazawar amfanin gona ya cika bukatun abinci mai kyau na jama'a, la'akari da burin samar da abinci na kasa.
Fa'idodin daɗaɗɗan dankali, da suka haɗa da juriya sanyi, haƙuri mai haƙuri, daidaitawar ƙasa da kuma yawan aiki, na iya adana albarkatun kuma a nisanta su da hatsi mai tsada.
Dankali a matsayin dalilai na ci gaban yankuna mara kyau
Wani dalili kuma na haɓakar samar da dankalin turawa shine sakamakon ƙoƙarin da aka samu don rage talauci.
A kasar Sin, galibi ba kasafai ake mayar da hankali a tsaunukan tsaunuka ba, inda yanayi mai tsananin wuya yake, kuma abubuwan hawa su isa bai isa ba. Shuka dankali zai taimaka wa mutane samarda adadin kuzari masu gina jiki.
Gabaɗaya, sama da kashi 70% na yawan daskararren dankalin Turawa ana rarraba shi ne a tsakanin yankuna marasa kyau na China.
A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, gwamnatin ta mayar da hankali kan yaki da talauci, musamman ta hanyar bunkasa masana'antar dankalin turawa a waɗannan yankuna. Wannan ya kamata ba kawai samar da abinci ga mazauna ba, har ma da samar da dama don haɓaka albashin ƙananan gonaki da yawa na yankuna a cikin matalauta inda yafi wadatar da dankali fiye da shinkafa, alkama, soya, ko masara.
Ciki da lafiya
Masana kimiyya sun ce dankali yana samar da hadaddun carbohydrates don saduwa da buƙatun makamashi kuma sun ƙunshi yawancin bitamin, ma'adanai da ƙwayoyin cuta. Wannan haɓaka ya shahara sosai ga masu amfani da Sinawa, a cikinsu akwai abinci mai kyau da ke cikin yanayi.
Tare da hauhawar hauhawar kudade a kasar Sin, mutane da yawa sun sami sha'awar alakar da ke tsakanin abinci mai gina jiki da lafiya.
Misali, darajar abinci mai ingancin albarkatu iri daban-daban, da suka hada da buckwheat, wake, da gero, yanzu an amince da su a hukumance a China. Ana tattauna batun cin abinci lafiya a koyaushe a cikin 'yan jaridu, kuma godiya ga Intanet, bayanai suna samun cikakken tallafi.
Hanyoyin girke-girke na kasar Sin tare da dankali ya sha bamban da waɗanda aka amince da su gaba ɗaya a cikin Turai da Amurka, inda sau da yawa ana dafa dankali a cikin man shanu ko a ci tare da soyayyen nama, wanda ya bambanta da samfurin Sin. Ba a karɓa ba don cin dankali a cikin man shanu a China.
Me China ke buƙata don ci gaba da bunkasa masana'antar dankalin turawa
Iyakancewar samar da dankalin Turawa a China shine cewa akwai 'yan tsiro na yankuna daban-daban, yayin da ake buƙatar ƙarin don ingantaccen samarwa a cikin yanayin gida.
Sabili da haka, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari don amfani da albarkatu na kwayan cuta don samun sababbin nau'ikan ga PRC.
Dankali iri-iri mai cuta ba wata matsala ba ce, saboda suna da tsada sosai a China. Masana sun yi imanin cewa wajibi ne a kafa samar da ingantattun iri, na asali da na kasuwanci, gami da gabatarwar gano ƙwayoyin cutar da ta dace da tsarin sarrafa inganci.
A ƙarshe, ana buƙatar haɓaka masana'antar sarrafa dankalin Turawa. A halin yanzu, masu sarrafawa na gida suna lissafin 5-10% kawai na kayan dankalin turawa, yayin da a Amurka ke aiwatar da amfanin gona dankalin turawa sama da 70%.
Ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike da haɓaka kayan aikin don sufuri da adana dankali, waɗanda ba su da sauƙi don adanawa ko sufuri, a wani ɓangare saboda yawan ruwa mai ruwa. Fresh dankali na faruwa a saukake, kuma ingancin su na iya lalacewa lokacin hawa da nisa. Lokacin hawa cikin tsari mai sanyi ko a cikin sitaci, farashin yana ƙaruwa sosai.
A tarihi, manufofin tallafin abinci na gwamnati sun mai da hankali ga shinkafa, alkama, da sauran albarkatu, amma ba a amfani da dankali.
Nan gaba, ya kamata gwamnatin PRC ta ba da irin wannan tallafi ga dankali kamar na hatsi.
(Asali: link.springer.com. Mawallafa: Wang Su, Jian Wang).
Karanta cikakke: https://www.agroxxi.ru/stati/kartofelnyi-kitai-istorija-uspeha-kultury-v-otdelno-vzjatoi-strane.html