Oleg Radin, Shugaban kungiyar Roskrakhmalpatoka ta Rasha masu kera sitaci da kayan masarufi.
A kashi na dankalin turawa sitaci a halin yanzu ya dauki karamin kashi a tsarin masana'antar samar da sitaci.
Yawan kasuwar Rasha don sitaci dankalin turawa an kiyasta ya kai tan dubu 28 kuma ana bayar da kashi 70% ta shigo da kaya.
A shekarar 2018, an samar da tan dubu 10 na dankalin turawa a Rasha, wanda ya kai tan 727 kasa da shekarar da ta gabata, kuma tan 96 ta fi ta shekarar 1351. Dangane da asalin canje-canjen da suka shafi, misali, fannin samar da sitaci na alkama, ana iya kiran waɗannan hawa da sauka mara muhimmanci. Ta wani ɓangare, suna da alaƙa da gaskiyar cewa ƙanannun dankalin turawa na Rasha an samar da su ne ta ƙananan kamfanoni - individualan kasuwa masu zaman kansu (musamman don samfuran kayan marmari da na burodi), waɗanda ke saurin bayyana kuma kamar yadda suka ɓace da sauri.
Har ila yau, sauran ƙididdigar sun tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na kasuwa. Musamman, a cikin 2018, an shigo da tan 18,0 na tankin dankalin turawa zuwa Tarayyar Rasha (manyan masu samar da su: Belarus, Denmark, Faransa, Jamus da Poland), kusan a daidai wannan matakin, an gudanar da kayayyaki a cikin shekarun da suka gabata (tan dubu 18,1). tan a shekarar 2017 da tan dubu 16,4 a shekarar 2016). Adadin fitarwa a cikin recentan shekarun nan shima bai canza ba sosai: a cikin 2018 - tan dubu 1,3, a 2017 da 2016 - tan 1,5 da 1,1, bi da bi.
A al'adance, sitaci dankalin turawa a Rasha yana da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya a cikin kasuwar kayan ƙanshin abinci. A yayin samar da waɗanne irin kaya ake amfani da shi galibi? Menene bukatun masu amfani dashi? Kuma menene makomar wannan samfurin? Don samun amsoshi masu dacewa ga duk waɗannan tambayoyin, Rosungiyar Roskrakhmalpatoka ta gudanar da bincike inda kamfanoni 34 suka shiga - kamfanonin nama, kayan marmari, kayan abinci, masana'antar burodi - manyan masu amfani da sitaci dankalin turawa. Daga cikin masu amsawar, mutum na iya lura, alal misali, LLC Russkart, mai ƙera kayayyakin ciye-ciye (ƙimar da ake amfani da itaciyar dankalin turawa ta kai tan 240-250 tan / wata); OJSC Tsaritsyno, kamfani ne don samar da tsiran alade da naman nama (yawan cin sitarin dankalin turawa ya kai tan 100 / watan); tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire "Dubki" (ƙarar yawan amfani da sitaci dankalin turawa - tan 60 / watan).
Binciken ya nuna cewa daidaitaccen matsayin itaciyar dankalin turawa ana ba da shi ne ta hanyar masana'antar sarrafa nama. Wannan nau'in sitaci ne wanda masana'antun ke amfani dashi a shirye-shiryen dafaffen tsiran alade da hams, sauran kayan naman (ana amfani da sitaci azaman mai tsayayyar tsada kuma yana cikin girke-girke na 65-70% na sunayen samfuran) da biredi (an haɗa su cikin girke-girke na 10-15% na sunayen samfura). Bugu da kari, ana amfani da sitacin dankalin turawa a wajen samar da kayan marmari - sinadari ne mai muhimmanci ga waina, muffins, da sauran kayan da aka toya (10-15% na sunayen sunaye). Hakanan yana da wahalar yi ba tare da sitaci dankalin turawa wajen samar da kayan abinci (jelly, kayan yaji, kayan ƙamshi, kayan miya, kayan miya), kayan hada kayan ƙamshi (creams, additives, fillings), noodles (5-10% na sunayen sunaye).
Masu kera kayayyakin sun zabi mafi tsada (idan aka kwatanta da masara da alkama) sitacin dankalin turawa akasari saboda mafi kyawun danko da kuma nuna gaskiya.
Mun kuma lura cewa yawancin mahalarta binciken (85%) basu da niyyar watsi da amfani da sitaci dankalin turawa a gaba. Masu amsa biyu ne kawai ke hasashen yiwuwar yin watsi da wannan sinadaran idan akwai wani canji a tsarin samarwar, kuma mutum daya ne zai maye gurbin sitaci na asali tare da wanda aka canza shi a nan gaba (tunda gyara a karamin farashi yana da mafi kyawun yanayin danko).
Abin sha'awa, kusan rabin masu amsawa (masu amfani da 15) suna amfani da sitaci dankalin turawa a cikin aikin su. A lokaci guda, mahalarta binciken guda 9 ne kawai suka sami damar jera sunayen masana'antun Rasha da suka kware wajen samar da kayan dankalin turawa. Mafi yawan lokuta da aka ambata sune Shuka P ciyacheyev Starch Plant, Chuvashyenkrakhal da Mglinsky Starch Shuka.
Mahalarta taron 15 sun kuma amsa tayin don nuna kwatancen kayayyakin masana'antun cikin gida. Gabaɗaya, za'a iya tsara amsawar gama kai kamar haka: "Kowane mutum yana da kusan ingancin inganci iri ɗaya da ƙima."
Babban mahimmancin da ke shafar zaɓin samfuran wasu masana'antun cikin gida na sitaci dankalin turawa, masu amfani da ake kira mafi kyawun rabo na "inganci / farashin". Koma cikin sharuddan mahimmanci su ne sharuɗɗan bayarwa da biyan kuɗi.
Bi da bi, cikin masu amsa 34, 29 sun amince da jigon manyan masu samar da ƙasashen waje na dankalin turawa. Mafi yawan ambaton sun kasance daga KMC, Pepees, Roquette, Cargill.
A cikin binciken da masu sayar da dankalin dankalin Turawa na kasashen waje suka yi, kowa ya danganta farashi da ingancin kayan samarwa zuwa ga manyan abubuwan da aka zaba, sharuɗan bayarwa ya zo na uku. Hakanan ga yawancin masu amfani da muhimmiyar rawa ana taka su ta hanyar kasancewa da takaddun shaida na daidaituwa ga kaya.
Babban mahimmancin dalilin ɓarnar kasuwar sitar dankalin turawa shine yawancin mahalarta binciken da ake kira da rauni gaba ɗaya na tattalin arziƙi da kuma rage koma baya / rashin haɓakar haɓakar abinci a wannan fannin.
Ci gaba da wannan tunanin, ana iya ɗauka cewa a cikin matsakaiciyar lokaci, idan babu babbar damuwa ta tattalin arziki, kasuwar sitaci dankalin zai kasance a matakin da ya fi ƙasa da ƙasa kuma, mai yuwuwa, har ma da abubuwan da ke zuwa sama za su bayyana saboda faɗaɗa fagen amfani. Abubuwan da ake tsammani na ci gaba, bisa ga abubuwan da muka lura, galibi suna da alaƙa da rassa biyu na masana'antar abinci - tsiran alade da kiwo. A lokaci guda, tsohon ya zama babban direba na buƙata saboda ƙimar kasuwa mafi girma, kuma rawar da ƙarshen zai dogara da dalilai da yawa: da farko dai, kan buƙatar mabukaci.
A cikin tattalin arziƙin da ba a gushe ba, buƙatun na iya fara haɓaka, alal misali, a cikin shugabanci na kayayyakin abinci da tsami mai ɗamara (cikawa don masana'antar kayan kamshi) Anan, sitaci dankalin turawa ana amfani dashi azaman ɓangaren sauyawa don kayan masarufi masu tsada.
Muna jaddada cewa a bangarorin biyu - wajen samar da tsiran alade da kayayyakin kiwo - ana amfani da sitacin dankalin turawa dan rage kudin kayan karshe, wanda hakan shine halinda ake ciki a cikin matsalar tattalin arziki.
A wasu yanayin tattalin arziki, yanayin zai bunƙasa ta wata hanya daban. Zai yuwu, alal misali, sitacin dankalin turawa zai kasance cikin buƙata mai yawa a cikin samar da abinci mai lafiya.