Da zarar Tyumen agrarians suka tattara suka sanya a cikin kayan marmari kayan lambu sabon amfanin gona dankalin turawa, kuma a dakin gwaje-gwaje na al'adun meristem (meristem shine tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire wanda ya daɗe yana da ikon raba da ƙirƙirar sababbin ƙwayoyin halitta) na cibiyar zaɓaɓɓe da samar da iri na Jami'ar Agrarian ta Arewacin Trans-Urals, sun riga sun fara shirya kayan shuka marasa ƙwayoyin cuta a lokacin bazara na 2021.
A 'yan kwanakin da suka gabata, darektan cibiyar, Dan takarar Kimiyyar Noma Alexander Kharalgin, ya kawo daga Yankin Moscow zuwa Tyumen 100 tubes din gwajin tare da layukan layin 11 da 34 - wadannan su ne nau'ikan teburin nan gaba na zabin cikin gida tare da sunayen aiki Nadezhda da Kuznetsovsky. Kwararrun na Cibiyar Nazarin Dankalin Tarayya ta A.G ne ke da alhakin ci gaban su don gwaji iri-iri na ƙarshe. Lorkha.
Yanzu shugaban dakin gwaje-gwaje Olga Malchikhina da mataimakiyar dakin gwaje-gwajen Elzana Yarova za su tsunduma tare da tsiro da tsiro a kan kafofin watsa labarai na gina jiki. Lokacin da suka isa girman da ake buƙata, ana sanya tsire-tsire a cikin shigarwar aeroponic. Ana tsammanin girbi na ƙananan mini-nodules 500 nan da Sabuwar Shekara. Har zuwa lokacin bazara, ƙananan-dankalin turawa zai "huta" a cikin kwantena tare da yashi mai ƙwanƙwasa a zazzabi na + digiri 4 da kuma yanayin iska na musamman, kuma a watan Mayu zai je yankunan gwaji na jami'a. A cewar shirin, faduwar na gaba za a tura amfanin gona na ƙarni na farko don gwaji zuwa yankuna na yankin noma na 10, wato, ban da Tyumen, zuwa Tomsk, Omsk, Krasnoyarsk, da Altai. A wannan lokacin, Kharalgin ya yi imani, GAU na Arewacin Trans-Urals zai karɓi lamban kira da sake cika tarin lambobin yabo a fagen zaɓe. A cikin kimanin shekaru huɗu, masana kimiyya sun yi niyyar karɓar tan 16 na fitaccen dankali, sannan su shiga gonakin iri.
Mai saka jari da jami'a sun saka hannun jari a cikin aikin aƙalla kashi 50 cikin ɗari na kuɗaɗen, sauran kuma ana ɗaukar nauyin su ne daga kasafin kuɗin tarayya
Gabaɗaya, tafiya daga asalin dankalin turawa in vitro zuwa masana'antun samar da ƙwayoyin cuta marasa ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta suna ɗaukar shekaru biyar. A tsakiyar Kharalgin, ta hanyar amfani da kimiyyar kere-kere, sunyi alƙawarin rage aikin zuwa shekara guda da kuma samun masu ƙaramin abu ba tare da barin greenhouse ko cikin filin ba. Wannan zai yiwu ne sakamakon sa hannu a cikin hadadden aikin kimiyya da fasaha (KNTP) "Kiwo, samar da iri da kuma sarrafa gasa dankalin turawa a cikin yankin Tyumen" a cikin tsarin shirin tarayya na ci gaban aikin noma na shekarar 2017-2025. Irin waɗannan ci gaban, waɗanda Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayyar Rasha ta fara, yanzu suna amfani da ƙungiyoyi 25 a duk faɗin ƙasar: suna fitar da sabon ba dankalin turawa kawai ba, har ma da ƙwayoyin sukari, hatsi da amfanin gona na masana'antu. Abokin ciniki na KNTP sanannen kamfanin aikin gona ne daga gundumar Uporovskiy na yankin Tyumen. Mai saka jari da jami'a sun saka hannun jari a cikin aikin aƙalla kashi 50 cikin ɗari na kuɗaɗen, sauran kuma ana ɗaukar nauyin su ne daga kasafin kuɗin tarayya. Jarin yana da riba: kamfanonin da suka sayi sabon kayan shuka zasu dawo da kashi 70 na farashin su.
- Yanzu a kan kirgen Rasha kashi 80 na nau'ikan kayan lambu na zabin kasashen waje, don haka muna aiki kan aiki na bai daya na sauya shigo da abinci da abinci, - in ji Alexander Kharalgin, yana gayyatar zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje na al'adun meristemic.
Baki kawai ake bawa baƙi damar shiga yankin da ake kira liyafar. Daliban da ke da azuzuwan kimiyyar kere-kere a nan suma an ba su izinin shiga dakin wanki da awo - don shirya mafita na gina jiki, wanke kwanuka da sanya kayan aiki a wurarensu. Amma a damben Olga Malchikhina da Elzana Yarova ne ke kan gaba. Anan, kamar yadda ake yi a cikin tiyata: gowns, huluna, masks, safar hannu, disinfectants ... Kuna iya ɗaukar hotunan tsiro tare da tsiro kaɗan ta gilashi kawai.
Shugaban cibiyar yayi bayanin dalilin da yasa ire-iren kasashen waje da suka zo mana a karshen shekarun 90 har yanzu suke rike da matsayinsu da tabbaci: a mafi yawan lokuta ana basu su ne ta hanyar sarkoki na sayarwa, kuma ya fi sauki ga mai siye ya zabi, ba da hankalinsa ba, amma da idanuwansa, wani ingantaccen tushen kayan kasashen waje maimakon na gida, ba mai haske ba kakin zuma
"Ba mu dogara ga bayyanuwa ba, amma ga dandano," masanin ya bayyana kuma ya buga misali da irin nau'ikan Kuznetsovsky, wanda Yuri Loginov ya hayayyafa bisa nau'in halittun daji. Dankalin, wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan fitaccen ɗan wasan da ya taɓa yin karatu a sashin aikin gona na Makarantar Fasaha ta Noma ta Tyumen, ya fita waje don kyakkyawan ɗanɗanorsa (huɗu a ma'aunin ma'auni biyar na ma'aunin jihar don gwaji iri-iri) kuma ba ya yin duhu bayan tsabtatawa, duka ɗanye da dafa. Hakanan ya daidaita da sauri zuwa yanayin Siberia kuma yana ba da girbi mai kyau duka a cikin fari da lokacin damina.
Af, fasahohin da mazaunan Tyumen ke amfani da su sun dace ba kawai ga dankali ba. Bayan da suka koya game da dakin gwaje-gwaje a cikin Tyumen, inda ake shuka tsire-tsire a cikin tubes na gwaji, wakilan nan itacen nurseries suka juya nan, suna mafarkin samun lafiyayyen tsire-tsire na strawberries. Kuma a cikin Kazakhstan, an samo kayan shuka na apple da bishiyoyin poplar daga meristem.
A halin yanzu
A cikin yankin Tyumen, wani yanki na noma mai hatsari, masana'antun noma 97 ne ke samar da dankali. Babban girbin shekara-shekara a cikin masana'antar masana'antu ya fi tan dubu 200. A cikin yankin, an sayar da dubu 130-135, sauran an kwashe su zuwa Yamal, Ugra, Chelyabinsk, yankunan Sverdlovsk, an fitar da su zuwa Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan da Uzbekistan.
Rubutu: Irina Nikitina