Alexander Skvortsov, Shugaban SumiPotato, SumiAgro Russia
Lokacin 2020 bai kafa tarihi na yawan girbin dankalin turawa a kasarmu ba. Abubuwan damuwa na yanayi daban-daban sun yi tasiri, sun bambanta dangane da yankin. A cikin shekara mai zuwa, yawancin masu noman dankalin turawa suna ɗokin su "kama", amma yanayin kasuwa yana tilasta musu yin gyare-gyare ga shirye-shiryensu. Halin da ake ciki shi ne cewa yawan samfuran ba su da mahimmanci don samun nasarar kasuwanci, kuma ingancinsa yana da mahimmanci.
Koyaushe ana buƙatar samfur tare da kyawawan kaddarorin kasuwanci, dacewa da ajiya, wankewa, marufi, kuma suna ba da farashi mai yawa akan sa. Don sanya shi da ƙarfi, a yau kuna buƙatar shuka dankali mai inganci ko kuma kar ku shiga cikin wannan amfanin gona kwata-kwata.
Yin aiki a kan inganci yana buƙatar ƙoƙari mai tsanani, kuma ya kamata a fara da kyakkyawan tsarin kariya na shuka.
Kariyar damuwa
Yana da wuya a yi hasashen yadda yanayin yanayi zai haɓaka a cikin sabon kakar kuma ko za su kasance masu dacewa don shuka dankali, amma ƙwarewa ta nuna cewa ba shekara ɗaya ba, har ma mafi nasara, ba tare da matsala ba, don haka kada ku yi tsammanin alheri kawai. daga dabi'a. Kuma yana da kyau a shirya don yiwuwar abubuwan ban mamaki a gaba, ta yin amfani da stimulants da masu gyara abinci mai gina jiki. Idan aka yi la'akari da cewa muna rayuwa a cikin lokacin canjin yanayi, saka hannun jari a cikin waɗannan magungunan yana da cikakkiyar barata; ba tare da su ba, yana da matukar wahala a buɗe yuwuwar amfanin gona da cimma babban kasuwa. Babban takin da ake amfani da shi a gonaki kawai yana shimfiɗa yuwuwar tsayawa, kuma masu gyara sun gane shi a cikin yanayi masu canzawa.
Babban sha'awa ga manoma, alal misali, shine layin daidaita tsarin abinci mai gina jiki na ma'adinai na Basfoliar. Don haka, a matakin etching, zaku iya amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi Basfoliar® Kelp, wanda ya ƙunshi auxin hormones (a cikin babban taro) da cytokinin, da kuma saitin microelements. Ana yin maimaita magani a matakin seedling don ta da samuwar tushen.
A mataki na girma girma na vegetative taro Basfoliar® Active (NPK 5:27:18 + microelements) ba makawa ne, bayan da canji zuwa samuwar tubers - Basfoliar® Combi Stipp, wanda kuma ya ƙunshi alli. wanda ke inganta ajiya na dogon lokaci.
Siapton® shiri ne na amino acid da peptides a cikin babban taro, ana amfani da su don shawo kan tasirin damuwa. Da miyagun ƙwayoyi accelerates da sha na nitrogen da kuma hana hanyoyin da bai kai ga tsufa daga farawa.
Amalgerol® Essence yana haɗuwa da kaddarorin samfura da yawa lokaci ɗaya: yana ɗauke da amino acid, abubuwan haɓaka haɓakawa dangane da tsantsa ruwan teku, mai kunna microflora ƙasa, micro- da mesonutrients. Bugu da kari ga kara yawan aiki da kuma samfurin ingancin, shi ma accelerates da biodegradation na stubble ta kunna ƙasa microorganisms da kuma inganta samuwar mycorrhiza a kan tushen horar da shuke-shuke.
Cuta da maganin kwari
Cututtuka da kwari sukan tsoma baki tare da samun yawan amfanin dankalin turawa. Misali: Daga cikin cututtuka da yawa da ke shafar tubers, babu wanda za a iya kwatanta shi cikin cutarwa ga rhizoctonia. Rhizoctoniosis koyaushe yana bayyana akan dankali, kowace shekara; haɓakarsa baya buƙatar kowane yanayi na musamman dangane da zafin jiki da danshi, kuma lalacewar seedlings a farkon lokacin girma na iya rage yawan amfanin ƙasa. Don haka, zaɓin maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta yakamata a ƙayyade da farko ta tasirinsa akan wannan cuta ta musamman.
Pencycuron, sashi mai aiki na maganin Prestige®, yana da matukar tasiri akan rhizoctoniasis. Imidacloprid, sashi na biyu na miyagun ƙwayoyi, yana ba da ingantaccen kariya ga amfanin gona a farkon rabin lokacin girma daga cutworms, wireworms, beetles dankalin turawa na Colorado da aphids. Imidacloprid shine mafi ƙarfi neonicotinoid kuma yana da tsawon lokacin aikin kariya fiye da thiamethoxam da acetamiprid.
Late blight da alternaria cututtuka ne da suka fi shafar kayan lambu na dankali. Don magance su, kimiyyar zamani tana ba da magunguna da yawa, amma yana da matukar muhimmanci a zabi daga wannan jerin wadanda suke da tasiri da kuma duniya a lokaci guda. Bari mu ɗauki Consento® fungicide a matsayin misali. Yana sarrafa duk matakai na ci gaba na ci gaba, yana da duka biyun rigakafi da na warkewa, da kuma tasirin antisporulation. Da miyagun ƙwayoyi ne na tsarin, yana kare sabon girma a lokacin lokacin ci gaba mai aiki na dankalin turawa. Ƙarin kaddarorin - yana da juriya ga wankewa kuma yana sarrafa duka ƙwayoyin cuta na Alternaria.
Wani kayan aiki mai yuwuwa a cikin yaƙi da cutar rashin lafiya shine Electis D®. Wannan magani ne na "zamanin mancozeb" (tuna cewa tun daga 2021, yawancin ƙasashen Turai da suka ci gaba sun ƙi yin amfani da mancozeb, maganin tuntuɓar mai dogon tarihi), yana mataki na ƙarshe na rajista a Rasha. Ya ƙunshi sabon kwayoyin dankalin turawa - Zoxamide, wanda ke rushe tsarin tafiyar matakai a cikin ainihin kwayar cutar, yana katse ci gaban tubes a lokacin germination na zoospora. Wato yana da tsarin aiki na musamman, wanda ya bambanta da sauran abubuwa. Zoxamide yana da juriya da wanke-wanke, wanda ke bambanta shi da kyau da mancozeb; lokacin shirya jiyya, ba dole ba ne ka yi gyare-gyare don yanayin hazo da ban ruwa. Sashi na biyu, dimethomorph, yana da tasirin fassarar kuma yana hana ci gaban ganuwar kwayoyin fungal. Sakamakon haka, muna da sabon samfuri mai inganci tare da kyakkyawan juriyar ruwan sama.
Bari mu zauna daki-daki kan batun juriya na miyagun ƙwayoyi zuwa flushing. Ba tare da shakka ba, dankalin da aka ban ruwa yana samar da yawan amfanin ƙasa fiye da waɗanda aka shuka a cikin yanayin ruwan sama. Amma yana da mahimmanci a fahimta a fili cewa gonakin da ke amfani da ban ruwa dole ne su yi taka tsantsan yayin zabar magungunan da ke fama da cutar marigayi, dole ne a la'akari da tasirin abubuwan da ke aiki a cikin irin wannan yanayin.
Maganin Ranman® Top, wanda ya shahara sosai a ƙasashen Turai masu yanayin teku, ya dace da tsarin ban ruwa. Cyazofamide, sashi mai aiki na miyagun ƙwayoyi, yana aiki akan kowane nau'in pathogen a duk matakan haɓaka dankalin turawa. Yana da translaminar har ma da aiki na tsari, kuma yana da juriya ga hazo cikin mintuna 15 bayan jiyya.
A cikin ƙasashen Turai, ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi don kammala jiyya a ƙarshen kakar wasa.
Wani magani da ke da juriya ga juriya, Mixanil®, kyakkyawan madadin samfuran mancozeb ne. Ya ƙunshi nau'i na musamman na abubuwa - chlorothalonil da cymoxanil, wanda ke ba da hulɗar miyagun ƙwayoyi da ayyukan translaminar da tasiri a kan marigayi blight da alternaria. Wannan kyakkyawan magani ne don gina dabarun rigakafin juriya, tunda ba a gano lokuta na juriya ga cymoxanil a yanzu ba, kuma ba za a iya samun chlorothalonil ba (abun yana da ayyukan multisite).
A cikin mahallin kare tsire-tsire daga ƙarshen buguwa da maye, Ina kuma so in tunatar da ku game da fungicide Kuproxat®. Ya ƙunshi tribasic jan karfe sulfate. Da miyagun ƙwayoyi ne ruwa, barbashi size ne kasa da 1 micron. Saboda bambance-bambancen tsarin aikin, Kuproxat® yana lalata ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta ba tare da lahani ga shuka amfanin gona ba. Kwayar cuta da ta hau kan saman da aka yi masa magani tare da fungicides “yana ƙonewa” kusan nan take - lalata furotin da lalata nama suna faruwa.
Kula da ciyawa
Dankali, ba kamar yawancin amfanin gona ba, suna da tsawon lokacin germination, don haka suna ba da ciyawa gaba: na ɗan lokaci ba su da masu fafatawa a filin. Tsarin maganin herbicide, wanda aka fi sani da kasuwa, gabaɗaya yana jure wa ciyawa dicotyledonous da kyau, amma ba koyaushe yana aiki mai gamsarwa da hatsi ba, musamman perennials.
Babu shakka ya kamata a yi yaƙi da ciyawa mai rarrafe a cikin tsari, a cikin jujjuyawar amfanin gona, don hana bayyanarsa a cikin filayen dankalin turawa. Amma a aikace, ba koyaushe ake yin irin wannan aikin ba. A cikin yanayin da ciyawa ciyawa ke fita daga sarrafawa, Targa® Super bisa chisalofop-P-ethyl na iya zama mafita. Ba a haɗa miyagun ƙwayoyi zuwa lokacin haɓaka dankalin turawa ba; ana iya amfani da shi tare da aikace-aikacen wasu magunguna. Matsakaicin sassauƙa ne, ya danganta da yanayin amfani.
Adjuvants
Mun jaddada cewa duk wani magani kayan aiki ne wanda ba koyaushe yana tasiri da kansa ba, bayan gaskiyar sayan sa. Yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da magunguna daidai. Sakamakon yana tasiri da abubuwa da yawa: saurin motsi na sprayer, daidaitacce don iska da zafi na iska, zaɓin sprayers (don fungicides yana da kyau a yi amfani da flare biyu), matakin lalacewa (canza akai-akai). Zaɓin zaɓi na adjuvants yana ba ku damar ramawa ga asarar da za a iya yi yayin fesa, musamman a cikin matsanancin yanayi, da haɓaka tasirin kwayoyi.
Bari mu lura da biyu daga cikinsu. Crusade® an yi niyya don amfani tare da fungicides; yana haɗa hanyoyin aiki da yawa: ban da samar da mafi kyawun yadawa da riƙe ɗigon ruwa na maganin aiki, wannan adjuvant yana samar da juzu'in "mai darajar agronomy" na droplets tare da girman sama da 100 microns. .
Tare da maganin kashe kwari, Olemix® adjuvant yana aiki mafi kyau. Wannan shiri ne akan man fetur na ma'adinai, ana amfani dashi a cikin nau'i na 0,5-1,5 l / ha (dangane da foliage na iri-iri da kuma matakin ci gaban shuka a lokacin jiyya). Olemix® yana haɓaka tasirin maganin kashe kwari ta hanyar rage tashin hankali na maganin aiki; yana hana wanke magungunan kashe qwari ta hanyar hazo da raɓa mai nauyi kuma yana nuna tasirin kwari-acaricidal akan aphids a ƙarin ƙimar aikace-aikacen.
A ƙarshe, Ina so in faɗi cewa dankalin gonaki ne mai girman gaske wanda ke buƙatar babban saka hannun jari na ƙoƙari da kuɗi yayin noma, waɗanda ba sa gafarta ceton kananun abubuwa. Haka kuma, haqiqanin kasuwanni ba sa barin masu noma su yi amfani da duk kayan aikin zamani don samun nasara. Amma wannan ba a buƙata ba. Mafi mahimmanci shine haɓakawa a hankali a hankali da ingantawa mai ma'ana.