Dankali yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan kayan amfanin gona na duniya. A yankin Andean, wanda ake kira wurin haifuwar dankalin turawa, akwai nau'ikan iri fiye da 4500 na nau'ikan nau'ikan bakwai daban-daban. Koyaya, adadin yana raguwa da sauri, tare da nau'ikan ƴan asali na gargajiya waɗanda manoma suka noma shekaru aru-aru da kuma tsoffin kakannin dankalin daji sun ɓace. Masana kimiyya sun nace: yana da matukar mahimmanci don adana nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan tsire-tsire, wannan lamari ne da ya zama dole don tabbatar da ci gaban aikin gona.
Hanya ɗaya ita ce adana iri a cikin vitro. Cibiyar dankalin turawa ta kasa da kasa (CIP) tana kula da mafi girma kuma mafi yawan tarin in vitro a duniya, tare da samfuran dankalin turawa 12 da aka adana a bankin ta. Baya ga wannan, CIP ta ƙirƙira tarin bankunan cryobanks, waɗanda aka adana samfuran 000.
"Yayin da a cikin vitro da tarin filayen suna da kyau don kiyaye bambancin kwayoyin halitta a cikin gajeren lokaci zuwa matsakaici, zai iya zama mafita mai tsada da rashin tabbas a cikin dogon lokaci," in ji Rainer Vollmer, masanin kula da cryopreservation a CIP. “Kwayoyin da aka adana a cikin vitro dole ne a ninka su koyaushe a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau; tarin filin yana da rauni ga damuwa. Don haka, cryopreservation madadin tattalin arziki ne kuma abin dogaro ga kiyaye bambancin halittu. A yau mutum ɗaya zai iya daskare harbe-harben dankalin turawa 300-450 a rana ɗaya na aiki. "
Cryopreservation yana amfani da nitrogen mai ruwa (196 ° C) don daskare ƙananan samfuran nama da sauri daga tsire-tsire masu bakararre a cikin vitro.
Masana kimiyya a CIP sun sabunta ka'idar don adana dankali ta hanyar gwada hanyoyi daban-daban na sarrafa samfuran kafin irin waɗannan samfuran su shiga bankin cryobank (misali, ƙara sucrose ko cryoprotectants don taimakawa samfuran jure sanyi). Sakamakon ya nuna cewa ko da yake ƙari na sucrose ba shi da wani tasiri mai mahimmanci, maganin sanyi kafin daskarewa ya kara yawan farfadowa na samfurori bayan narke da kashi 14%.
“Hakika, kiyaye bambancin dankalin turawa daya ne kawai daga cikin manufofin. Hakanan yana buƙatar amfani da shi a cikin shirye-shiryen kiwo don taimakawa manoma shawo kan batutuwa kamar cututtukan amfanin gona da sauyin yanayi. Samar da nau'ikan kayan kiwo iri-iri na ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan haɓaka sabbin nau'ikan ingantattun iri."
Misali shine nau'in dankalin turawa na Victoria. Kafin bayyanarsa, rashin lafiya na iya lalata kusan kashi 60% na amfanin gona a Uganda. An haɓaka nau'ikan Victoria ta amfani da samfurori daga CIP, babban fa'idarsa shine juriya ga buguwa a ƙarshen. A cikin shekaru 15 da suka gabata, Victoria ta ba da gudummawar kusan dalar Amurka biliyan 1 ga tattalin arzikin Uganda.
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