A ranar ƙarshe na Janairu a Moscow, An gudanar da Babban Taro na Rasha-baki daya, mahalarta taron waɗanda wakilai ne na aiyukanom, ma'aikatun yanki da sassan aikin gona, shugabannin kungiyoyin aikin gona. Wannan ganawa ta al'ada ta shafi batutuwa masu mahimmanci na kakar ya ƙare kuma aka ba da tsare-tsaren don nan gaba.
A takaice game da bayanan
Ministan Aikin Gona na Tarayyar Rasha, Alexander Tkachev, wanda ya bude taron, ya fara jawabin nasa ne ta hanyar taƙaita sakamakon shekarar da ta gabata tare da tuno da bayanan lokacin: a shekarar 2017, an tattara tan miliyan 134 na hatsi; Miliyan 3,6 na soya; Miliyan 1,5 na rapeseed (50% fiye da na 2016). Masu samar da kayan lambu na kore sun sami sakamako mai mahimmanci (haɓaka da kashi 34% a cikin shekaru biyu), ana ci gaba da aiki mai zurfi a ƙasar don kafa lambuna (ana ƙara hectare 1000 a kowace shekara).
Soya da canola
Da yake magana game da waɗannan albarkatun, Ministan Noma ya kira su ba wai kawai mai alamar rahama ba, amma yana da mahimmancin dabaru ga Rasha. Tun daga farkon shekarun 2000, noman waken soya a ƙasar ya ƙaru kusan ninki shida - har zuwa kadada miliyan 2,6. Amma kundin samarwa bai isa ba: muna shigo da fiye da tan miliyan 2,5 na waken soya a shekara.
A lokaci guda, wannan al'ada ta kasance ɗayan mafi girman iyakoki. Yanayin haka yake da wadanda aka yiwa fyade: yankin da aka shuka ya dan yi kasa da hekta miliyan 1, shigo da fyade (ciki har da iri) ya fi tan miliyan 20 a kowace shekara, kuma shigo da man da aka yiwa fyade ya kai tan miliyan 8. Processingarfin sarrafawar da ke yanzu yana ba da damar haɓaka samar da fyade don sarrafa sau biyu zuwa uku. Alexander Tkachev ya yi kira ga dukkan yankuna da suke da damar noman waken soya da waɗanda aka yi wa fyaɗe da su ba da kulawa ta musamman ga waɗannan amfanin gona.
Salis Karakotov, Babban Daraktan Shchelkovo Agrokhim ne ya ci gaba da tattaunawar game da waken soya. A cikin jawabin nasa, ya jaddada bukatar yin biyayya ga fasahar noma lokacin da ake shuka kayan gona. A cewar S. Karakotov, yanzu abun da ke cikin waken soya na Rasha ya kasance a matakin kashi 28-32%, yayin da a duniya ake bukatar samfurin da ke dauke da sinadarin protein a kalla 40%. Dan kasuwar ya kuma yi nuni ga koma bayan masana'antar waken soya na Rasha dangane da yawan amfanin gona. Babban daraktan Shchelkovo Agrokhim ya ce: "Ya zama dole a sami amfanin gona na 2 t / ha, to, ribar za ta kusan zuwa 100%."
Lilin da auduga
Tattaunawar a Taron Rasha na Taron Rasha kuma ta mai da hankali kan noman al'adun gargajiya na Rasha - flax da sabon sabo - auduga.
Petr Chekmarev, Daraktan sashen samar da noman rani, Injinan kere kere, Chemicalization da Kariyar Shuka na Ma’aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayyar Rasha, ya yi magana game da sabbin matakan tallafi da ake ci gaba yau don ci gaban noman flax. Musamman, an shirya gabatar da diyya na kashi 20 don gina masana'antar iri da kashi 50 - don gina masana'antu don aikin farko na flax. Dangane da ƙididdigar Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayyar Rasha, shekara mai zuwa samar da flax ya ninka kusan sau biyu idan aka kwatanta da sakamakon lokacin 2017.
Amma samar da auduga a Rasha ta fara. Bukatar bunkasa wannan amfanin gona, a cewar Petr Chekmarev, ya kasance saboda gaskiyar cewa babban mai samar da auduga zuwa kasar - Uzbekistan - yana aiki tukuru a kan gina tsire-tsire masu sarrafawa kuma yana shirin ci gaba da samar da kayayyakin da aka sarrafa kawai a kasashen waje, don haka, masana'antu da dama a Rasha na iya fuskantar karancin kayan aiki.
A cikin 2018, kimanin kadada 1000 za a ware don auduga (a cikin yankunan Astrakhan da Volgograd). Nan gaba, za a ƙara yanki: a cewar Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayyar Rasha, a cikin ƙasarmu akwai isasshen yankuna (kimanin kadada dubu 200) da za a iya amfani da shi don haɓaka auduga.
Dankali da kayan marmari
A cikin 2018, bisa ga shirin Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona na Tarayyar Rasha, za a sanya dankali kan yanki mai girman hekta miliyan 1,27 (tare da yin kwaskwarima dangane da sakamakon kidayar aikin gona na shekarar 2016), wanda ya dan yi kasa da na shekarar da ta gabata. Petr Chekmarev ya jaddada mahimmancin kiyaye waɗannan alamun, in ba haka ba ƙasar na iya fuskantar buƙatar haɓaka shigo da kayan.
Hasashen yankin shuka na kayan lambu kuma zai kasance kusan a matakin daya - hekta dubu 653,9 (a shekarar 2017 hekta dubu 647,6).
Takin zamani
A cewar Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayyar Rasha, babu karancin takin ma'adinai, tare da hauhawar farashi a gare su a Rasha a farkon lokacin 2018. Kimanin tan dubu 393 na kayayyakin sun riga sun shiga cikin shagunan masu samar da kayan gona.
Daga cikin halaye masu kyau na lokacin, a cewar Igor Kaluzhsky, Shugaban theungiyar Associationungiyar Masu Haɗa Taki ta Rasha, za mu iya raba rage cin naman nitrate da ƙaruwar amfani da urea da urea-ammonium cakuda, wanda babu shakka zai sami sakamako mai kyau a kan ingancin samfuran da aka shuka.
Matakan tallafi
A wannan shekara, an rarraba ruble biliyan 11,34 daga kasafin tarayya don tallafawa masu samar da kayan gona (tallafin don ba da tallafi wanda ba shi da alaƙa ga masu samar da kayan gona a fagen samar da amfanin gona). Zuwa yau, biliyan 2 da miliyan dari biyu. an riga an sanar da tallafin da ba shi da tushe ga manoma.
Fiye da biliyan biliyan 13 da miliyan 5 aka kasafta ga gajeren rance (a cikin kudi da bai wuce 230% ba), wanda zai ba manoma damar jan hankalin rancen dala biliyan 2 na rancen rance. Wannan adadin, bisa ga lissafin Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayyar Rasha, ya kamata ya rufe 3/XNUMX na bukatun masu samar da aikin gona don aro da aka aro don kamfen.
Gabaɗaya, ana shirin inganta harkar samar da masana'antu a matakin ƙasa da na shekarar da ta gabata.
Sakamakon ƙididdigar aikin gona na shekarar 2016
Konstantin Laykam, Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikatar Kididdiga ta Tarayya, ya gabatar da takaitaccen bayani ga mahalarta taron game da sakamakon farko na Kidaya na Noma na shekarar 2016, wanda ya nuna alkalumma da suka nuna.
Don haka, ya lura cewa a cikin shekaru goma tun da ƙididdigar aikin gona na 2006, yawan adadin masana'antun aikin gona a Rasha ya ragu da 40%, adadin gonakin ya ragu da 46%.
Gaskiya ne, yawan 'yan kasuwar noma sun karu (da kashi 19%). A lokaci guda, K. Laikam ya jaddada cewa ba za a iya ɗaukar waɗannan bayanan ƙarshe ba: kusan kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na ƙungiyoyin aikin gona na yau da kullun, kusan dukkanin gonaki na kiwo na uku, a zahiri ba sa gudanar da ayyukansu, kuma a cikin yankuna 25 fiye da rabin manoma suna jerin sunayen kawai.
Cididdigar ta nuna karuwar banbanci tsakanin masu samar da kayan gona: rabon manyan masana'antu tare da amfanin gona sama da kadada 2,5 ya karu sau 10 (5% na waɗannan ƙungiyoyi sun ɗauki kashi 35% na yawan da aka shuka).
Yankin ƙasar noma a gonakin dukkan nau'ikan ya ragu a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata da kadada miliyan 24 (da kashi 14%) kuma yanzu yakai kadada miliyan 142, amma yankin ƙasar noma da aka yi amfani da ita ya kasance kusan iri ɗaya kamar yadda yake a da. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yankin da ba a amfani da shi ya ragu da kashi 57%.
Adadin yankin da aka shuka shine ya karu da 6% (hekta miliyan 4,5) kuma ya kai kadada miliyan 79. Girman shuka ya samo asali ne daga gonakin manoma da daidaikun individualan kasuwa, waɗanda suka faɗaɗa yankin da suka shuka da kashi 70% (hekta miliyan 9). Sauran nau'ikan masana'antun noma sun rage amfanin gona, gami da kungiyoyin aikin gona - da kadada miliyan 4 (7%).
Ididdigar ta nuna ragi sosai a cikin ma'aikatan noma. A cikin kungiyoyin aikin gona, yawan ma'aikata ya ragu da fiye da rabi, a gonaki - da kashi 40%, kuma a tsakanin daidaikun 'yan kasuwa - da kashi 20%.
Sakamakon karshe na ƙididdigar aikin gona na 2016 za a buga a wannan shekara, ana iya samun su a shafin yanar gizon hukuma: da www.vshp2016.r
2018 tsinkayar farashin yanayi
Kamar yadda Dmitry Rylko, Babban Daraktan Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwancin Noma (IKAR), ya lura, yana taƙaita sakamakon shekarar 2017 da yin tsokaci game da nasarorin da aka samu a noman hatsi: "Babban girbi - manyan matsaloli, girbi mai girma - manyan matsaloli".
Duk da haka, yin tunani game da farashin hatsin Rasha a ƙarshen 2018, masanin ya kasance mai kyakkyawan fata (Hasashen IKAR ya kusan $ 200 a kowace tan, watau ya ɗan zarce na 2017). D. Rylko ya lura cewa a wannan shekarar kasar ta samu gagarumar nasara a fitar da hatsi zuwa kasashen waje, wanda ke ba da fata na raguwar hannayen hatsin nan da karshen shekarar.
IKAR ya kuma annabta hauhawar farashin masarafin rana a rabin na biyu na 2018 (a shekara ta 2017, girbin bai yi yawa ba, amma har zuwa yanzu, farashin samfurin ya ragu sosai, tunda har yanzu akwai man da aka samar a kasuwa a bara).
A hankali, mai sharhi ya ba da shawara ya danganta da halin da ake ciki a kasuwar sukari. Daga hangen nesa game da ICAR, abubuwan da ake fatan shigo da wannan kayan ba su da kyau. A wannan shekara, an ba da muhimmiyar sashi na sukari na Rasha ga Uzbekistan, amma ba za a iya kira wannan jagorar mai karko ba. Wannan yana nufin cewa ba tare da cimma yarjejeniya mai mahimmanci ba game da fitar da sukari "a ƙasashen waje", ƙasar bai kamata ta hanzarta samar da beets na sukari ba.
Babu ƙarancin rikitarwa shine halin da ake ciki tare da buckwheat. Farashin sa ya faɗi zuwa matakin alkama, wanda, a cewar D. Rylko, ba a daɗe ba. Mai sharhi ya nuna damuwa cewa idan a shekarar 2018 amfanin gona ta buckwheat ya sake girma kuma farashin ya yi kadan, a shekarar 2019 masu samar da kayan gona na iya yin watsi da wannan amfanin gona gaba daya.
Tsare-tsare da kuma tsammanin
Dangane da shirye-shiryen Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayyar Rasha, a cikin 2018, jimlar yankin da aka shuka a ƙasar zai kasance kadada miliyan 80, daga cikin hecta miliyan 53 da za a ware don shuka iri. An yi hasashen za a kara yankin noman waken soya, fyade, flax, sha'ir da amfanin gona; ragin wuraren da ake amfani da sunflower (har zuwa kadada miliyan 7,5) da beets na sukari (har zuwa kadada miliyan 1,1). Rasha ta sake jiran kyakkyawan wadatar kuma ba za ta tsaya ba a bayanan da aka samu.
A cewar Ministan Aikin Gona na Tarayyar Rasha Alexander Tkachev: “Muna da kyakkyawar fata game da makomar, tsarin shigo da kayayyaki yana ci gaba, manazarta Sberbank sun yi imanin cewa a cikin shekarar 2018 hadadden masana'antu na Rasha na iya cimma sakamakon da ba a cimma shi ba tsawon shekarun da suka gabata kuma ya sake samun matsayinsa a matsayin mai siyar da kayan abinci na zamani. . Masana'antu suna da albarkatu masu yawa da kuma babban yiwuwar ci gaba. "