A cikin wani sabon binciken alakar da ke tsakanin dankalin turawa baki scab fungi da nematodes, masana kimiyya sun yi wani binciken da ba a zata ba.
Samar da amfanin gona mai girma da ingancin dankalin turawa (Solanum tuberosum L.) aiki ne mai sarkakiya da ke bukatar la'akari da bangarori da dama, wadanda suka hada da iri-iri, sigogin kasa, ruwan sama da ayyukan noma.
Bugu da kari, kwayoyin halittar kasa kamar nau'in fungi, kwari da kwayoyin cuta na iya yin tasiri a fili wajen bunkasa noman dankalin turawa dangane da abubuwan da suke so.
Har ila yau, ba a fahimta da ɗanɗano wahalar hulɗar da ke tsakanin yawancin nau'ikan da ke cikin ƙasa da amfanin gona da ake nomawa. Tawagar masana kimiyya daga Jami'ar Kimiyyar Noma ta Sweden sun binciki hulɗar ɗan lokaci tsakanin tushen dankalin turawa da naman gwari. Rhizoctonia Solanihaifar da rhizoctoniosis.
An yi nazarin hulɗar akan tsire-tsiren dankalin turawa da aka girma a cikin tukwane a ƙarƙashin yanayin sarrafawa. A cikin gwaje-gwaje iri ɗaya guda biyu, haɗuwa daban-daban na nematodes da fungal mycelium an ƙara su cikin tukwane sau uku; a dasa shuki, bayan kwanaki 14 da bayan kwanaki 28.
Nematodes sun rage tushen biomass, da haɗuwa da nematodes da R. Solani ya haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin gwaje-gwajen biyu, amma hulɗar ba ta kasance mai haɗin kai ba. Sabanin haka, an rage raunin ciwon daji a gaban nematodes idan aka kwatanta da magungunan R. solani kadai.
Ba a san kadan game da haɗin kai tsakanin fungi na pathogenic da parasitic nematodes.
Nematodes na tsire-tsire, wanda ke wakiltar 15% na adadin nau'in nematode da aka kwatanta, suna cikin ƙasa a duk duniya kuma sune cututtukan noma na gama gari. Suna da runduna da yawa, ciki har da dankali, kuma suna motsa jiki a duk tsawon rayuwarsu, ko dai a cikin ƙasa (ectoparasites) ko a cikin tushen (endoparasites).
Ba a yi la'akari da gudunmawar nematodes na tsire-tsire don samar da asara ba saboda ba a cika ganin alamun alamun ƙasa ko ƙananan tubers ba a kan yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Duk da haka, nematodes da ke kai hari ga tushen tsarin (endoparasitic free-ray nematodes) na iya rage yawan amfanin gona da kashi 12% ko fiye idan sun biyo bayan kamuwa da cututtukan fungal da na kwayan cuta.
An yi imani da cewa parasitic nematodes kuma na iya yin tasiri ga ci gaban cututtukan da wasu cututtukan ƙasa ke haifarwa ta hanyar haɓaka tasirin naman gwari.
Alal misali, nematodes na iya amsawa ga fitar da tsire-tsire da naman gwari ya mamaye, ko kuma naman gwari na iya shiga cikin kyallen jikin shuka ta raunukan da aka samu ta hanyar ciyar da nematodes.
fungal pathogen R. Solani yana haifar da gyambon gyambo, baƙar fure, ko buguwa da ba ta dace ba, a tsakanin sauran alamomi kamar kauri, giwa, fata da tsagewa.
Naman gwari na iya rayuwa a kan ragowar amfanin gona a cikin ƙasa ko kuma ya zama iri a lokacin da yake kan tubers a matsayin sclerotia (baƙar fata).
A cikin filayen dankalin turawa na Sweden tare da kasancewar ƙasa R. Solani An lura da babban gaban nematodes, amma ba a kula sosai ga waɗannan abubuwa biyu ba.
An yarda da cewa nematodes masu lalata tushen tushe Sunan mahaifi ma'anar Pratylenchus Envranrans tasiri tasiri R. Solani, mummunan tasiri ga yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Wasu nau'ikan nematodes suna hulɗa da su R. Solani, su ne, a tsakanin sauran, cyst-forming dankalin turawa nematodes Globodera rostochiensis и Kodadde Globodera.
Lokacin bayyanar da shuka ga pathogen da nematode, da kuma mataki na ci gaban shuka shuka, suna da mahimmanci ga hulɗar tsakanin kwayoyin halitta da kuma tsananin cutar ga mai gida.
Ba a fahimce al'amuran ci gaban ɗan lokaci na fallasa da rashin ƙarfi ba, ko da yake akwai nazarin da ke kwatanta rashin lafiyar cultivar.
A cikin wannan gwaji, an ɗauka cewa haɗuwa da nematodes na parasitic shuka da R. Solani zai haifar da ciwon kumburi mai tsanani a kan mai tushe da stolons, zai haifar da raguwar adadi da ingancin tubers saboda yawan ƙwayar baƙar fata da sauran alamomi.
An yi amfani da nau'i biyu na nematode inoculum don gwaje-gwajen; a gwaji 1 - cikakkiyar al'umma na nematodes, wanda nematodes tare da lalacewar tushen ya mamaye, musamman P. halitta, kuma a cikin gwaji 2 - al'ada mai tsabta na nematode P. Crenatus.
Ƙara nematodes da ke kai hari ga tushen, da R. Solani yana da wani tasiri a kan tsire-tsire dankalin turawa a kusan dukkanin jiyya.
An tabbatar da hasashen biyu kamar yadda masana kimiyya suka gano cewa haɗuwa da nematodes da R. Solani da kuma cewa lokacin yin rigakafi ya shafi tsananin lalacewar fungal da nematode.
Koyaya, sabanin hasashe na haɗin gwiwa, masanan kimiyya sun ga cewa ingancin tuber da lalacewar fungal akan shuka sun kasance masu zaman kansu daga kasancewar nematodes kafin yin allura tare da naman gwari.
Tsananin ciwon daji bai karu ba a gaban nematodes. Bugu da ƙari, ciwon daji ya yi ƙasa da ƙarfi lokacin da aka ƙara nematodes a hade tare da naman gwari.
Nematodes na tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna rage ciwon daji mai rauni maimakon sanya su mafi tsanani, kuma nematodes kuma ba su yi tasiri ga cututtukan fungal akan stolons ko tubers kamar yadda ake tsammani ba.
Wani bayani mai yuwuwa zai iya zama cewa nematodes suna kunna hanyoyin juriya a cikin tsire-tsire masu dankali kamar yadda tushen nematodes ke iya haifar da hanyoyin tsaro a cikin tumatir, masanan kimiyya sun ba da shawarar.
"Yana da mahimmanci a fahimta da kuma tantance girman dangantakar dake tsakanin kwayoyin cuta don sarrafa cututtuka ta hanyoyin kulawa da suka dace. Don haka, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don magance waɗannan batutuwa. Babban abin da muka gano shine cewa amfanin amfanin gona yana shafar bullowar nematodes masu kamuwa da tushen lokaci guda da R. Solani, da kuma cewa nematodes na iya yin hulɗa tare da shukar dankalin turawa wanda ke haifar da raguwa a cikin masu ciwon daji. Sakamakonmu yana nuna mahimmancin nazarin kasancewar nematodes a cikin filin don samun damar ƙirƙirar dabarun kariya don ingantaccen noman dankalin turawa. Juyawa amfanin gona aƙalla shekaru huɗu ba tare da dankali ba da sauran ayyukan noma na iya taimakawa wajen rage yawan jama'a R. Solani a fagen, da kuma tasirin amfanin gona da ake nomawa a lokacin ba tare da dankali ba, zai yi tasiri kan tushen nematodes, ”masana kimiyyar sun taƙaita labarin kimiyyar da aka buga a tashar yanar gizo. www.mdpi.com.
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