Ya ku masu karatu!
Noman iri - "AgroAlliance-NN" (yankin Nizhny Novgorod), ƙwararre a cikin samar da dankalin turawa iri-iri na babban haifuwa, ya ci gaba da "Diary of observations". Labarin a cikin wannan fitowar an sadaukar da shi ga farkon aikin bazara a gonar.
Kirill Kraev, gwani na AgroAlliance-NN LLC
KASUWA DA KAYAN CIYAR ZUWA GA kwastomomi. MATSALOLI DA MAFITA
Lokacin 2019 na gonar ya fara da jigilar iri ga abokan cinikinmu. Ɗaya daga cikin aikace-aikacen farko ya fito ne daga HPC Sadokas, wannan kamfani ya sanar da mu a gaba game da lokacin da za su buƙaci karɓar adadin da ake bukata na tsaba na wasu nau'in. Godiya ga wannan, mun sami damar tsara jadawalin aiki, kuma daga Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu muna jigilar duk batches akai-akai.
Kusan duk sauran abokan ciniki sun yi ƙoƙari su jinkirta fitar da kayan iri a ƙarshen zai yiwu, a wannan batun, tun daga ƙarshen Afrilu, duk da cewa kasuwancinmu yana aiki a zahiri ba tare da katsewa ba, layukan sun taru a yankin gona. An tilastawa motocin da suka isa lodi su tsaya kwana guda babu aiki, wasu kuma na kwana biyu. A lokacin wannan rubutun (Mayu 19, - ed.), Har yanzu muna da abokin ciniki ɗaya wanda bai riga ya fitar da kayan iri ba.
Batu na biyu da ya haifar da tattaunawa tsakanin kwastomomi na da alaka da girman iri. A cikin batutuwan da suka gabata na mujallar, mun riga mun ambata cewa a bara, saboda yanayin yanayi, kusan dukkanin nau'ikan an dasa su da 'yan tubers a kowane daji, sakamakon haka, dankali ya girma fiye da yadda aka saba (yafi da diamita na 40-60). mm ko 40-55 mm). Don haka, tubers na daidai waɗannan ɓangarorin sun yi rinjaye a cikin ɗimbin iri da aka shirya, kuma ba duk abokan ciniki sun gamsu da wannan ba. Don guje wa irin wannan yanayi a nan gaba, gonar ta yanke shawarar siyan layi don yin girma da kuma tattara dankali, wanda zai ba mu damar raba batches zuwa kashi 30-45 da 45-60 (55) mm.
A taƙaice, mun lura cewa, duk da wasu matsaloli, an sayar da dukan girma na iri. A cikin layi daya tare da aikin jigilar kaya, kamfanin yana shirye-shiryen dasa shuki sosai, ya kawo nau'ikan dankalin turawa masu haifuwa (super-elite da elite daga mafarin), wanda za a dasa don yaduwa a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar kwangila.
A wannan shekara, babban ɓangaren kayan iri ya ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan kamfanin HPC Sadokas, wanda ya ba mu kayan yau da kullun ba kawai na samar da Rasha ba, har ma da na Dutch (misali, irin su Memphis da Memphis). Silvana).
ZABEN LOKACIN AIKI DA YANAYIN YANAYI
A wannan shekara, bazara a cikin yankin Nizhny Novgorod ya tashi da wuri, amma "ya tsawaita" a cikin lokaci: a cikin rana, yawan zafin jiki ya kai 25 ... 27 ° C, kuma da dare ya ragu sosai zuwa 0 °, wani lokacin zuwa debe 3 ... 4 °, sakamakon haka, ƙasa ta dumi Don haka a hankali. Wannan al’amari ya hana mu yin shuka da wuri, kodayake wasu masu noman dankalin turawa a yankinmu sun fara aikin dashen tun daga ranar 1 ga Mayu. Sauran muhawara "sun yi magana" don goyon bayan kwanakin baya, musamman, yana da mahimmanci, idan zai yiwu, don hango yanayin da za a shirya tsaftacewa. A cikin yankinmu, Agusta yana da zafi sosai (matsakaicin zafin rana na yau da kullun yana sama da + 25 ° C), don girbi dankalin iri, wanda dole ne a adana shi har zuwa ƙarshen Afrilu, waɗannan ba yanayin da ya fi dacewa ba ne. Sabili da haka, mun canza lokacin shuka ta hanyar da za a tsara girbi a farkon Satumba, lokacin da matsakaicin zafin iska ba ya wuce 18 ... 20 ° C.
Mun fara ranar 9 ga Mayu. A lokacin dasa shuki, ƙasa a cikin filayen ta yi zafi har zuwa 15 ... 17 °, kuma an riga an ba mu inshora game da dawowar yanayin sanyi na bazara, wanda sau da yawa ya faɗi a lokacin bukukuwan Mayu.
HANYOYIN TSIRA DA DANSHI
A wannan lokacin, ƙasa a cikin filayenmu ba ta bushe ba (ko da yake ba mu aiwatar da farkon bazara don riƙe danshi ba) kuma yana ƙunshe da isasshen danshi a zurfin 8-10 cm don shuka dankalin turawa.
Kin amincewa da harrowing bazara shine saboda gaskiyar cewa, bisa ga bincikenmu, wannan dabarar tana haifar da ba kawai don adana danshi a cikin filayen ba, har ma da samuwar lumps na ƙasa tare da diamita na kusan 30-40 mm. Fayafai masu goyan bayan mai shuka suna motsa waɗannan ƙullun zuwa tsakiyar ƙugiya, amma samuwar tudun da ke gaba baya murkushe su. Ana adana dunƙulewa kafin girbi kuma ana ciyar da su tare da amfanin gona zuwa ajiya, yin rarrabuwa da wahala da ƙirƙirar yanayi don ƙarin lalacewar inji ga dankali.
Wata ka'ida da muke ƙoƙarin kiyayewa lokacin dasa shuki shine shiri na mataki-mataki na ƙasa a cikin ƙananan ƙananan (a matsayin mai mulkin, ba fiye da 1-2 hectares ba).
Wannan hanya kuma tana da alaƙa da yanayin ceton danshi a cikin filayen. Bugu da kari, ta haka ne muke kokarin shawo kan illar ruwan sama mai karfi da ake samu a yankunanmu a tsakiyar watan Mayu. Ruwan sama mai yawa "ƙusoshi" ƙasar da aka riga aka shirya don shuka; lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe, wani ɓawon burodi ya fito a saman, wanda dole ne a sake lalata shi tare da mai yankan niƙa. A cikin yanayin manyan gonaki, kusan ba zai yuwu a yi hakan ba, amma ba tare da aiwatar da wannan aikin a lokacin girbi ba, masu noma suna fuskantar irin wannan matsala ta kullu.
FALALAR SAUKAR DA IRI NA TAUSAMMAN
Har zuwa lokacin hada wannan rahoto, gonakin ya kammala shuka a kashi 50% na yankin. An kammala aikin tare da nau'ikan Sylvanas, Memphis da Colomba.
Zurfin dasa ya bambanta a cikin kewayon daga 6 zuwa 10 cm (mai nuna alama ya dogara da girman tsaba), mun yi ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa tuber ya kwanta a cikin ƙasa da aka shirya sosai zuwa zurfin girmansa, kuma a saman mai shuka. kafa Layer Layer na 12-14 cm. Wannan tsarin yana ba da damar tuber don samun yanayi mafi kyau don saurin samuwar tsarin tushen farko.
Kafin dasa shuki, mun sanya kayan aikin mu da nozzles, waɗanda ke ba da ikon kula da tubers tare da fungicides daidai kuma a cikin ƙarar girma (kimanin 120 l / ha). A wannan shekara mun yi amfani da daya daga cikin shirye-shirye na zamani na zamani (babban abubuwan da aka gyara: azoxystrobin da mefenoxam), an haɓaka don kare dankali daga tushe, kara (tushen) da tuber rot.
An dasa Sylvanas da farko kuma yana da tsayin lokacin girma idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan a cikin layinmu. Lokacin dasa shuki, an saita sigogi masu zuwa: zurfin dasa daga 6 zuwa 9 cm (la'akari da ƙimar kayan da aka yi amfani da su), yawan dasa shuki - daga 47 zuwa 000 tubers / ha, wanda ya dace da shawarwarin ƙwararrun kamfanin. "HZ-P-Si Sadokas"...
Na gaba da za a dasa shine nau'in Memphis. Lokacin dasa shuki, an saita sigogi masu zuwa: zurfin dasa shuki 6-9 cm, girman dasa - daga 50 zuwa 000 tubers / ha.
Sa'an nan kuma muka ci gaba da dasa dankali na nau'in Kolomba, yawan shuka ya kasance daga 50 zuwa 000 tubers / ha, zurfin ya bambanta daga 66 zuwa 000 cm.
Tun da filayen da ke cikin gonakinmu suna da ƙayyadaddun taimako da rashin daidaituwa, muna yin shuka daga hectare 6 zuwa 9 a kowace rana, ya danganta da canjin iri da tsayin rut. A halin yanzu, ana ci gaba da aikin shuka dankalin ja Scarlett.
Za mu gaya muku game da yadda tsire-tsire za su ci gaba da yanayin yanayi a cikin fitowar ta gaba na mujallar "Tsarin dankalin turawa".