Rubutu: Veronica Perova
Masana sun yi hasashen ci gaban kasuwar kayan lambu ta Rasha
Kasuwar kayan lambu a Rasha tana cikin fara ta: akwai wadatattun masu kera wadannan kayayyakin guda 12 a cikin kasar, yawancin kayan lambu wadanda ake shigo dasu ana shigo dasu. Koyaya, damar wannan shugabanci tana da girma - buƙatar sabbin kayan lambu masu ƙoshin lafiya suna girma, har ma a lokacin da ake fama da annoba, dillalai ba su lura da raguwar tallace-tallace na wannan rukunin kayayyakin abincin ba. Masana da kuma mahalarta kasuwa suna da yakinin cewa haɓakar kayan lambu masu tsire-tsire suna nan kusa.
A watan Janairun 2020, Dokar Tarayya kan Tsarin Halitta N 280-FZ ta fara aiki a Rasha, wacce ta ƙaddamar da matakai da yawa lokaci ɗaya: ƙirƙirar tsarin takardar shaida daidai da ƙa'idodin ƙasa, manyan ƙasashe da ƙasashen duniya, bayyanar alamar hoto da ingantaccen rajista na masu kera kwayoyin akan shafin yanar gizon Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona na Tarayyar Rasha.
Takaddun ya ƙaddamar da ma'anar kayan kwalliya kuma yana daidaita ƙa'idodi don samarwa, adana shi, jigilar shi, lakabin saye da sayarwa. A cewar masana, fitowar dokar za ta taimaka ga ci gaban samar da kwayoyin a Rasha gaba daya da musamman kayan lambu, tare da kara jan hankalin wannan bangare ga manoma.
Marketananan kasuwa tare da babbar dama
A halin yanzu, ƙimar kasuwar Rasha don samfuran ƙwayoyi ƙarami ne, mafi yawansu (kusan 80%) ana shigo da su daga ƙasashen waje.
Dangane da Orungiyar icungiyar Nasa ta Duniya (NOS), a halin yanzu a Rasha, daga kadada dubu 300 zuwa 360 na da lasisi don samar da ƙwayoyi. Wasu daga cikinsu juyi ne da ƙasashe masu tabbaci don ayyukan gaba. A cikin sauyawa, akwai kusan hekta dubu 200-220 na ƙasar da ta dace da aikin gona. A lokaci guda, a cewar masana, akwai hekta miliyan 34 na filayen shukar noma a kasar, wadanda suka dace da noman kwayoyin.
Kasa da 1% na masana'antun aikin gona ke tsunduma cikin samar da kayan masarufi a cikin Rasha, kuma har zuwa kwanan nan yawansu bai kusan ƙaruwa ba. Koyaya, yanzu lamarin ya fara canzawa zuwa mafi kyau, gami da bangaren samar da 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari.
A cewar babban darektan kungiyar Organic Union, Oleg Mironenko, daga cikin 82 masu lasisi na Rasha masu samar da kwayoyin, kamfanoni 12 ne kawai suka kware kan noman kayan lambu, musamman a fili.
Ksenia Firsova, babbar ƙwararriyar ƙungiyar tabbatar da kwayoyin "Orwararren ganwararren "wararriyar ,wararriyar ,wararren ganwararriyar vegetablewararriyar internationalwararrun internationalwararrun EUabi'a EU / NOP" in ji Ksenia Firsova, "growingarraba kayan lambu mai sauƙi ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba, amma yana da yawa.
Kiwa BCS Öko-Garantie GmbH (Jamus). A cewar masanin, sabbin kayan masarufi suna da ban sha'awa ga masu amfani da Rasha, amma samarwarsa - shuka kayan lambu masu inganci, kare tsirrai daga kwari da cututtuka tare da hanyoyin da aka halatta wajen samar da kwayoyin, adana amfanin gona a yanayin da ya dace, kayan aiki - yana bukatar manoma suyi ayyuka masu tunani, daidaito da kan kari.
"Yawancin gonakin kayan lambu masu tsire-tsire suna cikin yankin Stavropol da Krasnodar da Yankin Voronezh, inda za ku iya shuka kayan lambu ba tare da la'akari da yanayin yanayi ba," in ji Oleg Mironenko. - Bugu da kari, ana daukar matakai a wadannan yankuna zuwa
bayar da tallafi ga bangaren noma na noma daga ƙananan hukumomi ”. Misali, Yankin Voronezh yana tallafawa aikin ba da takardar izini ta 100% da kuma sayen takin zamani da kashi 50%. Hakanan, batun gabatar da ƙarin
siyasa da kowace kadada mai tallafi ga masu kera kwayoyin. A lokaci guda, har yanzu ba a sami wani babban tallafi na jihohi ba ga bangaren kwayoyin a matakin tarayya a Rasha, babban darakta na kungiyar Organic Union ya yi nadama.
Ksenia Firsova ta tabbatar da cewa yiwuwar samun tallafin ya dogara da yankin, kuma ya ba da shawarar manoma su fayyace hanyoyin da za su biya kudaden da aka biya na takardar shaidar kwayoyin a ma’aikatar yankin ko sashen aikin gona. "Ana lissafin farashin bayar da takardar sheda a cikin kwanakin duba daban-daban don kowane takamaiman aikin," in ji masanin.
"Gonakin da ke cikin yankunan kudu, a matsayin doka, sun kware a kankana, kokwamba, tumatir, da kuma peas," Oleg Mironenko ya ci gaba da magana game da mahalarta kasuwa. - Kuma kamfanoni a cikin yankunan Moscow, Leningrad da Kaluga galibi suna girma dankali, karas, beets, kabeji - abin da ake kira borscht. Amma babban amfanin gonar su har yanzu dankali ne. " Daga cikin kamfanonin da ke noman kayan lambu, kwararrun sunaye "Biofarm na Kuban" a kudancin Krasnodar Territory, "Organic Around" a cikin Stavropol Territory, "Bolotovo", "Vasilki", "Ryabinka" a yankin Moscow da sauransu.
Shugaban Kwamitin Tarayyar Organic Organic, memba na majalisar jama'a na Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayyar Rasha, Dan takarar Kimiyyar Ilimin Ilimin Farko Sergei Korshunov ya lura cewa kasuwar Rasha ta kayan lambu a cikin buɗaɗɗen fili yanzu ana kirkirarta, yayin da shi ne kawai daruruwan kadada na Organic ƙasar. Sergey Korshunov ya ce "A lokaci guda, akwai mahalarta kasuwa waɗanda ke noman kayan lambu na tsawon shekaru," in ji Sergey Korshunov. - Misali, Biofarm na Kuban yana aiki a cikin Krasnodar Territory tun 2012. Gaskiya ne, yanzu gonar ta mayar da hankali kan kayan lambu masu tsire-tsire da shuka tumatir, kokwamba, alayyafo a cikin wuraren shan ruwa na fim, da kankana da gourds ”.
Wani ɗan wasa a kasuwa, memba na ofungiyar Organic Farming, shine kamfanin Aungiyar Aganic, wanda ke samar da hatsi, amfanin gona na masana'antu, da kayan lambu na sararin samaniya da sarrafa su a cikin Yankin Stavropol. Sergey Korshunov ya jaddada hakan a cikin 2019
wannan kamfani ya sami takardar shaidar kasa da kasa.
"An ba mu takardar izini daidai da dokokin EU 837/2007, 889/2008," ya tabbatar da shugaban gonar Organic Around, Ph.D. n Amiran Zanilov. "Za mu sami takardar shaidar Rasha a wannan shekara." Ya ce tun shekarar da ta gabata an daidaita tsarin. Don haka, kamfanin ya yi watsi da samar da kayan masarufi, waɗanda dole ne a siyar da su ba tare da sarrafawa ba, wato daga guna (kankana da kankana). A cikin "Organic Around" sun yarda da ci gaba da aiki tare da waɗannan amfanin gona, amma sai bayan da ya bayyana abin da za a iya samarwa daga gare su da kuma kan kayan aikin, sannan kuma akwai kuɗi don sayan ta.
Amiran Zanilov ya ce "A lokaci guda, mun fadada yankin karkashin tumatir, kabewa kuma mun fara noman kokwamba," "Muna kuma shirin fara samar da tafarnuwa da kayan yaji."
Kayan lambu na waje kayan lambu ne na zamani wanda ake matukar bukatarsu a tsakanin jama'a, in ji Sergei Korshunov. “Suna kwatantawa yadda ya dace da yanayin dandano. Mutane sun rasa tumatir mai ɗanɗano tumatir kuma suna shirye su biya mafi tsada a kan su,
kamar sauran kayan lambu, "in ji shi.
A cewar Korshunov, masana'antun galibi suna ƙoƙari su shiga kasuwar Moscow, St. Petersburg, da manyan yankuna. Suna lissafin har zuwa 90% na tallace-tallace na kwayoyin. “Amma ya kamata mutane su ci lafiyayyu da kayan masarufi, musamman na zamani dana zamani, a duk yankuna na Rasha. Inda na samar dashi, na siyar dashi acan, wannan shine ɗayan manyan ƙa'idodin kayan ƙirar. Yana da mahimmanci cewa tsarin samarda kayan yayi gajarta, kuma samfuran sabo ne kuma na dabi'a ne, "in ji Sergey Korshunov.
A lokaci guda, Amiran Zanilov ya ja hankali ga gaskiyar cewa rarar farashin kayan aiki na ƙaruwa kowace shekara, wanda ke da alaƙa da ƙarin farashin mai, hanyoyin titi, da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, zancen kawai ga babban birnin ƙasar a cikin dogon lokaci yana tattare da haɗarin sauya daidaiton buƙata da
tayi a wani yanki. “Saboda haka, dabarun kamfaninmu shi ne shiga kasuwannin yanki. Abin farin ciki, manufar farashin tana ba da izini, - ya bayyana. "A yau, kusan 85% na kayayyakinmu ana sayar da su a yankuna." Don haka, godiya ga taimakon theungiyar Kasuwanci da Masana'antu ta Jamhuriyar ta Arewacin Ossetia-Alania, ana sayar da kayayyakin "Organic Around" a cikin shaguna da yawa a Arewacin Ossetia.
Farungiyar ganungiyar ganabi'a kuma tana tallafawa dabarun ci gaban yanki na Organic Around.
"Mun ga cewa shigar kwayoyin cikin kasuwannin yanki wani sabon salo ne," in ji Sergey Korshunov. Irin wannan yanayin, a cewarsa, mambobin kungiyar masu noman gona a Siberia ne ke bunkasa shi. Misali, IE Volkov fewan shekarun da suka gabata ya buɗe aikin Kalina-Malina don siyar da kayayyakin gona. A bisa ka'ida ya gayyaci hadin gwiwa ne kawai 'yan Sibariyawa da manoma kawai, ba kayan gona ba. Aikin ya samu nasarar haɓaka cikin 2020 kuma. A cewar masanin, masu samar da Kalina-Malina, gami da masu samar da kayan lambu, tare da taimakon Kungiyar a wannan shekarar
za su nemi takaddun shaida.
Koyaya, babban darektan NOS Oleg Mironenko ya ƙara daɗaɗa a cikin maganin shafawa ga tattaunawar, yana mai tunatar da halin baƙin ciki a wannan shekara da ke haɗuwa da cutar coronavirus. “Saboda hana fitar da kayan lambu zuwa wasu yankuna da aka samar da su, da kuma hauhawar farashin kayan aikin saboda tashin dala daya (iri, kayayyakin nazarin halittu, kayayyakin gyara, da sauransu. an siye shi don kuɗin waje), wasu gonakin gona ba sa iya sayar da shukar da aka shuka, - in ji shi. "Dole ne in fuskanci zabi: ko dai in lalata kayan lambu da aka yi niyyar sayarwa a wasu yankuna, ko kuma in sayar da su a kasuwannin gida ƙasa da farashin farashi".
A ci gaba da tattaunawa game da yanayin, Sergei Korshunov ya kuma lura cewa yanzu ana ba da kulawa ta musamman ga ci gaban tsarin horarwa, canja wurin ilimi a fagen aikin gona. Don haka, Kungiyar Noma ta Organic, a cikin tsarin tallafin shugaban kasa, ta gudanar da horo kyauta kan samar da tumatir a cikin filin "Organic Around" a watan Agusta 2020. A cewar masanin, wannan gonar ta zama cibiyar kimiyya da amfani, inda ake aiwatar da fasahohin noma na tattalin arziki don samar da kayan lambu masu mahimmanci a wani mataki mai tsanani. Ya kuma lura cewa shugaban gonar, Ph.D. n Amiran Zanilov sanannen mutum ne a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta kuma marubucin shawarwarin kimiyya da dabaru na Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayyar Rasha game da aikin gona, wanda aka buga a cikin 2018.
Daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da suka faru ga al'adun gargajiya, Oleg Mironenko ya sanya suna farkon aikin don samar da tsaba don kayan lambu masu tsiro bisa tushen gonar Bioferma Kuban, wanda babban kamfanin shuka na Poisk ke halarta. “An fara aikin a shekarar 2020
shekara. Wannan ita ce hadiyyarmu ta farko a fagen samar da tsaba a cikin gida don shuka kayan lambu, "- in ji babban darektan NOS da alfahari.
Addara samfurin da aka Valara
Kamar yadda Oleg Mironenko ya ce, a Rasha, rashin daidaiton tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ya ninka sau da yawa fiye da na gargajiya. "Kuma, godiya ga ci gaban fasaha a wannan yanki, farashin kayan lambu na kayan lambu bai fi na noma na gargajiya ba," in ji shi.
Misali, babban darekta na Orungiyar Orasa ta casa ya faɗi kwarewar Krasnodar. Akwai farashi a yau
don samar da kayan lambu na kayan lambu kawai 30-40% ya fi na noman kayayyakin gargajiya. Kuma sayar da su, kamar yadda masanin ya tabbatar, na iya zama mafi tsada: akwai bukatar kayan lambu na kayan lambu, kuma farashin da aka kafa ya fi na kayan lambu na yau da kullun.
Hakanan, a cewarsa, kwarewar kamfanin "Bioferma Kuban" yana da ban sha'awa. "Ya zamana cewa farashin noman tumatir mai cike da tsire-tsire a cikin gidan bishiyoyi na iya zama daidai da farashin noman irin wannan shuka ta amfani da fasahar masana'antu,"
Oleg Mironenko. "Wataƙila wannan rabo zai iya kasancewa koda lokacin da ake noman tumatir a cikin fili."
Amiran Zanilov ya nanata cewa samar da kayan masarufi, da farko, ya kamata a yi la’akari da kasuwancin da ya shafi zamantakewar jama’a, babban hadafinsu shine samun riba. "Ga manoman da suka sami damar samun samfura da ƙarin darajar da aka ƙaru saboda sigogin muhalli, noman kayan lambu zai zama mai ribar tattalin arziƙi," yana da tabbacin.
Hakanan, Sergey Korshunov ya ja hankali ga gaskiyar cewa rashin ingancin samar da kayan lambu na kayan lambu ya dogara da tashoshin tallace-tallace. Na al'ada, a cewarsa, ana ɗaukar ribar kashi 30%.
A halin yanzu, ana gabatar da samfuran kwayoyin da aka shigo da su a kan manyan ɗakunan ajiya na manyan shagunan sarkar (alal misali, Azbuka Vkusa), in ji Amiran Zanilov. “Idan kamfaninmu zai iya sayar da irin wannan kayan lambu na namu
(tare da Evrolistk) a kan farashin sau 5-6 mai rahusa idan aka kwatanta da wadanda aka shigo da su, ribar za ta iya kaiwa kashi 80-100%, "in ji shugaban kungiyar ta Organic Around.
A cewar Oleg Mironenko, yanzu yawancin shagunan da ke da wurin ajiye kaya tare da kayan masarufi suna korafi game da rashin kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa kuma a shirye suke su saya daga fitattun masu noman cikin gida. Ya ce kafin cutar coronavirus, mabukaci
bukatar kayan lambu masu tsire-tsire yana ci gaba da haɓaka, har ma a lokacin keɓancewar kai, sarkokin sayar da kayayyaki ba su ba da rahoton raguwar cinikin wannan samfurin samfurin ba, duk da raguwar kuɗaɗen gida. "Matsalar ita ce babu kayan lambu da kansu," in ji Oleg Mironenko kuma ya koka cewa fadada yankunan don samar da kayan lambu ba ya faruwa da sauri kamar yadda muke so.
A lokaci guda, masana da mahalarta kasuwa suna sa ran cewa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa adadin ingantattun gonakin kayan lambu a Rasha za su karu cikin sauri.
Yadda ake samun takardar sheda?
Ksenia Firsova, babbar ƙwararriyar masaniyar Experwararriyar Orwararriyar ganwararriyar ,wararriyar inasa, ta yi magana dalla-dalla game da tsarin ba da takardar shedar da bukatun gonaki. "Dangane da Dokar Tarayya" Game da Kayayyakin Kayayyaki ", kamfanonin da suka wuce hanyar takaddun shaida don samar da su suna da 'yancin amfani da alamar" kwayoyin "guda ɗaya da kalmar" kwayoyin "akan marufinsu," in ji ƙwararren. - Ana aiwatar da takaddun shaida bisa daidaitaccen GOST 33980-2016 “Kayan kayan gargajiya. Dokokin don samarwa, sarrafawa, lakaftawa da siyarwa ”a cikin jikin takardar shaida da aka amince da shi”.
Ksenia Firsova ta bayyana cewa mizanin yana sanya wasu buƙatu akan gonakin amfanin gona: kiyaye albarkar ƙasa (alal misali, kasancewar juyawar amfanin gona), amfani da takin zamani da kayayyakin kariya na tsire-tsire (kawai abubuwan da aka halatta za a iya amfani da su). Akwai buƙatu na musamman don iri da kayan shuka. Bugu da kari, a cikin shukar shuka, an hana kwayoyin ci gaba a cikin kwayar halitta. "Sharuɗɗan tattarawa, marufi, jigilar kayayyaki, adana kayan ƙwayoyi suma an daidaita su bisa doka," masanin ya ƙara da cewa. “Misali, ana bukatar samar da shi, adana shi da jigilarsa daban da kayayyakin da ba na kwayoyin ba. Ya kamata masana'antun su yi watsi da kwalin da zai iya haifar da samfura da gurɓatar mahalli, gami da polyvinyl chloride. "
Yana da mahimmanci, a ra'ayinta, don ƙarfafa batun lokacin miƙa mulki - wannan wani lokaci ne wanda ake amfani da buƙatun da aka kafa don samar da ƙwayoyin halitta, amma har yanzu ba a iya gane kayayyakin a matsayin ƙwayoyin halitta ba. "Ga wuraren da aka shuka (a cikin
gami da noman kayan lambu) tsawon lokacin mika mulki ya kasance akalla shekaru biyu kafin shuka, ”in ji Ksenia Firsova.
Zuwa yau, ana ba da izini ga rukunin takaddun shaida guda uku a Rasha. Ana iya samun ikon su na neman izini da kuma cikakken bayanin lamba na hukuma a cikin rajistar Hukumar Kula da Yarjejeniyar Tarayya, Firsova ta lura. “Abin takaici, dole ne muyi magana game da wannan daban, kamar yadda shari’o’i suka zama sananne lokacin
'yan damfarar sun bayar da ayyukansu a madadin wani sanannen mai ba da shaida, mai yiwuwa a matsayin reshe wanda ba ya wanzu a zahiri, "in ji ta. Idan masana'antar Rasha ta shirya samar da kayan aikinta na ƙasashen waje, to ba zai iya yin ba tare da takardar sheda ta duniya ba, ƙwararren masanin ya tunatar.
Tare da sa ido kan fitarwa
Takardar shaida ta duniya ta buɗe hanya ga kamfanoni don shiga kasuwannin duniya, ta ci gaba da Ksenia Firsova. “A lokaci guda, suna yanke shawarar wane irin takaddun shaida ake buƙata, dangane da kasuwar tallace-tallace mai yuwuwa, tunda matsayin ya bambanta a ƙasashe daban-daban. A cikin Rasha, takaddun shaida mafi ƙasƙanci a duniya ya dace da ƙa'idodin EU ko Amurka, in ji ta, "takaddun shaida ga Japan da China ba su da yawa".
Kafin fara aikin ba da takardar shedar, kwararren masaniyar "Organic Expert" yana ba ka shawarar ka fahimci matsayinka (dukkansu suna da bambance-bambancensu daban) kuma ka zabi jikin takardar shedar. "Misali, bisa ga tsarin kwayoyin Turai, kimanin kamfanoni 15 masu ba da takardar shaidar kasashen waje suna da 'yancin aiwatar da wannan aikin a Rasha, wanda ba fiye da rabi ke aiki sosai ba," in ji ta.
A cewar Firsova, aikin da kansa bai bambanta da na Rasha ba, amma akwai matsaloli. Don haka, sadarwa tare da mai tabbatar da takaddun zai kasance cikin Turanci. Kari akan haka, akwai wasu sifofi da yawa wadanda ke hade da fitarwa da kayayyakin masarufi, misali,
rajista na abin da ake kira takaddun shaida na ma'amala ga kowane rukuni. "Duk da haka, idan kun fahimci duk abubuwan da ke tattare da takaddun shaida nan da nan, za a iya guje wa matsalolin da ba a tsammani," in ji ta.
A cewar Sergey Korshunov, yawan kayayyakin da ake shigo dasu daga Rasha a karshen shekarar 2019 yakai Euro miliyan 9. Wannan shine yawan albarkatun kasa da aka fitar na hatsi, hatsi da tsire-tsire, da kuma shuke-shuke. Babbar damar fitarwa tsakanin kayan lambu na kayan lambu, a ra'ayinsa, ita ce kabewa da tafarnuwa.
A cewar Amiran Zanilov, a halin yanzu ana matukar bukatar kayan masarufi a kasuwar duniya, wanda gonakin Rasha ba za su iya gamsar da su gaba daya ba saboda kananan kundin samarwa.
Bugu da kari, daga mahangar Oleg Mironenko, ba shi da ma'ana ga kamfanonin cikin gida su fitar da kayan lambu zuwa kasashen waje kuma su ci kasuwannin kasashen waje, saboda har yanzu ba a cika kasuwar cikin gida ta kayayyakin kayan gona a cikin kasar ba. Masanin ya ce "Sayar da kayan lambu a Rasha yanzu yana da riba kamar samar da su a kasashen waje - farashin farashin ba ya bambanta sosai," “Bugu da kari, dole ne mu yi la’akari da cewa akwai kasashen da tuni suka mallaki wani tabbataccen matsayi wajen samar da kayan lambu na duniya. Italiya ce a matsayi na farko, sai Spain da Ukraine. "
A ka'ida, ya kamata kasar ta kasance mai sha'awar siyar da kayan lambu da aka sarrafa tare da karin darajar su. Koyaya, a cikin Rasha babu kusan ayyuka don zurfin sarrafa kayan 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari, in ji Oleg Mironenko. "Kuna iya noman kayan lambu ko 'ya'yan itatuwa, amma juya su zuwa stews, compote, jams ko busassun' ya'yan itace kuma a lokaci guda kiyaye samfurin na ƙarshe yana da wahala: kusan babu inda za'a yi shi," masanin ya bayyana.
Duk da matsalolin, kamfanin "Organic Around" a halin yanzu yana aiki akan fitarwa da kayayyakin sarrafa kwayoyin (galibi mai kayan lambu). An fara tattaunawar farko. Amiran Zanilov ya ce: "Ofishin kasuwanci zuwa Italiya wanda Asusun tallafawa Tallace-tallacen Businessananan Kasuwanci na Staasar Stavropol ya shirya, abin takaici, ya gagara saboda yaduwar cutar coronavirus,"
Matakan raɗaɗi da yanayin zamani
Yanzu tsakanin masana'antun, sha'awar takaddun shaida yana ƙaruwa koyaushe. Ksenia Firsova ta haɗu da wannan tare da ci gaban gaba gaba ɗaya game da batun samar da ƙwayoyi a cikin Rasha: shigar da doka cikin kayan ƙayyadaddun abubuwa, kasancewar shirye-shiryen tallafi, shirye-shiryen ilimantarwa, da gina ƙimar fitarwa. Tunda duk sarkar ta tabbata a cikin samar da kwayoyin, to, a nata ra'ayin, cigaban bangaren kwayoyin halitta na iya ci gaba kamar dusar kankara.
Ksenia Firsova ta ce "Retail na bukatar kamfanoni su tabbatar da ikirarin kwayoyin kan marufi, don haka tsire-tsire masu sarrafawa suna neman albarkatun kasa," "Kiwo yana buƙatar ciyawar dabbobi, shuka yana buƙatar takin gargajiya da iri, kayayyakin nazarin halittu don kariya daga tsirrai." A matsayin matattarar ishara, muna da kwarewar duniya game da motsi na kwayoyin, wanda ke nuna yadda tsarin noman kwayoyin zai iya bunkasa, mai yawa da cin nasara, kwararrun masanan.
Tabbas, kasuwar kayan gona a Rasha har yanzu ba ta ci gaba ba, kuma dukkanin abubuwan more rayuwa don tallafinta basu ci gaba ba, Oleg Mironenko ya ja hankali. Lissafin masanan ya ce "takin zamani da kayan nazarin halittu don noman kayan lambu, ana bukatar tsaba." "Wadannan yankuna sun fara bunkasa." Duk da waɗannan gibin, kasuwar kwayoyin Rasha tana ƙoƙari don haɓaka da haɓaka.
By hanyar
Abin sha'awa, ba duk albarkatun kayan lambu (alal misali, karas, beets, kabeji) za'a iya kiyaye su da kayan ƙirar halitta ba. Sabili da haka, yau aiki mai gudana yana ci gaba ne da nufin haɓaka sababbin matasan da ke jure wa kwari.
Babban batun shine kare kayan lambu (alal misali, kabeji) daga kwari kamar kwari, ɗanɗano da aphids, zuwa ƙarami daga
ciyawa da cututtuka. Don haka, idan, a matsakaita, ana amfani da magani guda ɗaya don kare kabeji daga cututtuka kuma ɗaya ko biyu - daga ciyawa, to adadin
maganin sunadarai akan kwari (kamar kwari da ɓari) na iya kaiwa takwas zuwa tara.
A cewar masana masana masana'antu, abin da ke karfafa ci gaban kasuwar halittu na iya kasancewa samuwar kayan kudi da shirye-shiryen bada rance da nufin samar wa gonaki kayan aiki da fasaha. Babban mahimmin nasarar nasara shine kasancewar wadatattun ma'aikata da shirye-shiryen haɓaka ma'aikata.
Amiran Zanilov ya tabbatar da cewa: don ci gaba da haɓaka cikin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, ana buƙatar fasahohi don cimma farashin kayan ɗanɗano, wanda ya ɗan wuce mai nuna alama a cikin kayan gargajiya. Musamman, muna magana ne game da gabatar da fasahohin adana albarkatu cikin samar da kwayoyin, gami da samar da tsarin kare amfanin gona na kayan lambu daga ciyawa, kwari da cututtuka. Bugu da ƙari,
yana da mahimmanci a rufe batun kwayoyin halitta tare da shigar da kwararru daga fannin ilmin halitta da magani. Shugaban kungiyar ta Organic Around ya ce "Amma muhimmin canjin da ni kaina na ke tsammanin shi ne hada kayayyakin da ake samarwa a cikin abinci mai gina jiki ga daliban makarantun gaba da firamare." - Wannan zai zama babban jarin da ke bunkasa karfin dan Adam na kasar! "
A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, kamar yadda Sergei Korshunov ya tabbatar, ana tsammanin ci gaban kasuwar Rasha game da noman kayan gona, musamman a ɓangaren kayan lambu. “Sababbin kayan lambu na zamani lamuni ne na lafiyar jiki da kuma karfin garkuwar jiki, yanzu mutane suna mai da hankali sosai kan samfuran amfani da kuma ƙarfafa jiki. Don haka kayan lambu kayan gargajiya dadadden al'amari ne! " - gwani yayi alkawari.
“Kuna iya yin magana da yawa game da matsaloli, har ma kuna iya yin babban bincike game da shi, amma masu amfani sun riga sun buƙaci kayan lambu na yau. Kuma a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, furodusoshinmu na ƙoƙarin haɓaka su. Kawai ya zama dole a tallafawa kamfanonin cikin wannan matsala mai wahala, ”in ji Oleg Mironenko.