Masana'antar abinci ta dankalin turawa a kasar Sin na bunkasa cikin sauri. A cewar majiyoyi daban-daban, daga kashi 10 zuwa 20% na yawan amfanin gona ana aika su ne don sarrafa su kowace shekara. Babban kayan da aka sarrafa sune sitaci, dankalin da ba ruwa (flakes na dankalin turawa da fulawa), kwakwalwan kwamfuta da daskararre na faransa.
Tsari
Babban hanyar sarrafa dankalin turawa shine samar da sitaci dankalin turawa. Babban fifikon sitaci shine saboda dalilai guda biyu: na farko, yana aiki azaman albarkatun ƙasa don ƙarin sarrafawa, na biyu kuma, samar da sitaci shine babbar hanyar amfani da tubers waɗanda ba za'a iya siyar da sabo ba (kanana, lahani).
Ana samar da mafi yawan sitaci a Gansu da Mongoliya ta ciki. Mafi girman wuraren samar da kayayyaki suna cikin Gansu (ƙarar samarwa -788 ton a kowace shekara), sama da tan 600 na sitaci a kowace shekara ana samarwa ta kamfanoni a cikin Mongoliya ta ciki.
Babban kamfanin kera sitacin dankalin turawa a kasar Sin shine Inner Mongolia Nailun Kimiyya da Fasahar Noma Co., Ltd., wanda ke iya samar da ton 100 a kowace shekara.
Akwai masana'antun sitacin dankalin turawa guda uku a Chongqing, biyu daga cikinsu sun kara sarrafa sitaci da aka samu zuwa noodles, wanda ke magance matsalar karfin aiki sakamakon tsananin yanayin sarrafa sitaci.
Yawancin tsire-tsire (a halin yanzu takwas) suna samar da sitaci na dankalin turawa da sitaci da aka gyara kuma suna amfani da sitaci mai laushi (kafin bushewa) don samar da samfuran da aka gyara, suna taimakawa rage farashin bushewa.
Ƙarfin samar da sitacin dankalin turawa da aka gyara a cikin ƙasar shine ton 458 a kowace shekara. Tare da masana'antu guda huɗu da jimillar ƙarfin samar da ton 000 a kowace shekara, Gansu ita ce lardin da ke kan gaba.
An gudanar da aikin samar da sitaci da aka gyara a kasar Sin tun cikin shekarun 80, musamman ta hanyar zahiri, sinadarai, enzymatic ko gaurayawan amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don canza kaddarorin sitaci na halitta.
A cewar kungiyar masana'antar sitaci ta kasar Sin, sama da nau'ikan sitaci iri-iri 2000 ne ake samar da su a kasar a halin yanzu, wadanda suka hada da sitaci oxidized, sitaci canza acid, sitaci cationic, cyclodextrin, da sitaci dialdehyde.
A shekarar 2019, jimlar samar da sitaci da aka gyara a kasar Sin ya kai tan 1. Nau'o'in sitaci da aka gyara tare da yawan amfanin gona fiye da 757 sun haɗa da sitaci gyare-gyare mai rikitarwa, sitaci oxidized, sitaci cationic, sitaci acetate, sitaci phosphate da sitaci pregelatinized tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa na 800 tons, 100 tons, 000 tons, 319 ton da 200 ton bi da bi. Fitowar waɗannan samfuran shida kusan kashi 279% na jimlar samar da sitaci da aka gyara.
Samar da sitaci da aka gyara a kasar Sin ya fi mayar da hankali ne a lardunan Shandong, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Jiangsu da Jiangxi, wanda ya kai sama da kashi 85% na adadin da ake fitarwa. A cikin 2019, samar da sitaci da aka gyara a lardin Shandong ya kai tan dubu 656,6. Akwai kamfanoni hudu da ke aiki a wannan yanki tare da karfin shekara fiye da ton 100, wanda ke lissafin kashi 000% na jimillar sitaci da aka gyara. Daga cikin su, fitowar Guangxi Nongken Mingyang Biochemical Group Co., Ltd. ton 40,96 ne (196% na yawan abin da kasar ke nomawa).
Babban mai amfani da sitaci da aka gyara shine masana'antar takarda ta kasar Sin, wanda ke da kashi 58% na yawan amfani da sitaci da aka gyara.
Har ila yau, masana'antar abinci ta yi amfani da sitaci da aka gyaggyara, wanda ya kai kashi 18% na yawan amfani da sitaci da aka gyara a kasar Sin. Ana amfani da sitaci don samar da noodles, naman alade, yoghurts da miya iri-iri.
Kasar Sin ita ce mai shigo da sitaci da aka gyara, musamman ta hanyar dextrin da sauran sitaci da aka gyara. Kungiyar masana'antun sitaci ta kasar Sin ta bayyana cewa, adadin sitaci da aka gyara daga kasar Sin ya kai ton 2019 a shekarar 369, wanda ya karu da kashi 100 bisa dari a shekarar da ta gabata.
Babban matsalolin samar da sitaci suna da alaƙa da cewa wannan sana'a tana ɗaukar ƙananan masana'antu da yawa waɗanda ke aiki a duk shekara wanda bai wuce tan 10 ba, waɗanda ke da wahala a shigar da fasahohin zamani da kayan aiki a kan kari, don biyan buƙatun da ake buƙata koyaushe. na ayyukan muhalli da haraji. Hanya daya tilo a gare su, a mahangar gwamnati, ita ce hada kai da fadada ma’aunin abin da ake nomawa.
Fries Faransa
Wannan fannin sarrafa dankalin turawa shine mafi girma a kasar Sin.
Yawan daskararrun soyayyen da kasar Sin ta samar ya kai ton 2006 a shekarar 63, kuma ya kai ton 000 a shekarar 2015. Matsakaicin matsakaicin girma na shekara-shekara shine 318% a cikin 000. A shekarar 64,36, saboda wani bangare na daidaita harkokin kasuwancin gaba daya mallakar kasashen waje, yawan noman soya na Faransa a kasar Sin ya ragu kadan. A cikin 2010, ƙarfin samarwa na shekara-shekara shine ton 2016 tare da ƙimar girma na 2017%.
Manyan masu amfani da soya Faransa a China sune gidajen cin abinci masu sauri irin na yammacin Turai. Kwararru sun yi hasashen cewa, sakamakon ci gaban birane, adadin irin wadannan wuraren sayar da abinci zai karu nan da wani lokaci mai tsawo, wanda kuma zai shafi kasuwannin cin abinci. Lura cewa ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2020, akwai gidajen abinci sama da 3500 na McDonald da kuma gidajen cin abinci na KFC 6600 a cikin ƙasar.
Ana shigo da wasu soyayen daskararrun daskararre daga Amurka, amma kasuwa na nuna koma baya wajen sayayya. Don haka a cikin 2020, shigo da kaya ya ragu nan da nan da kashi 26% (babban dalili shine duk samfuran kasashen waje sun yi babban gwaji na dogon lokaci don Covid-19, an tilasta masu gidajen shakatawa su canza zuwa kayan gida).
Ana kiyasin noman soyayyen Faransa a kasar Sin a shekarar 2022 zuwa tan 23, kadan kadan fiye da na bara (tan 400) saboda karancin ingancin kayan masarufi. A cewar majiyoyin masana'antu, yawancin masana'antun sun haɓaka kwangilar gonakin dankalin turawa a farkon 000 don saduwa da karuwar buƙatun cikin gida, amma wannan haɓakar ya sami ci gaba da ƙarancin dankalin turawa.
Tsakanin Yuli da Satumba 2023, ana sa ran za a ƙaddamar da sabbin layukan samarwa huɗu don samar da soya. Jimlar ƙarfin samar da su zai kai ƙarin ton 400000, wanda zai ninka ƙarfin da ake da shi.
Ana iya danganta yanayin yanayi mai faɗi ga matsalolin shugabanci (da duk masana'antar sarrafa dankalin turawa). Yawancin masana'antun soya na Faransa suna cikin yankin arewacin monoculture, inda ake girbe dankali a cikin kaka. Isar da dankali ga waɗannan abubuwan samarwa a cikin lokacin daga Afrilu zuwa Agusta yana iyakance, saboda ba koyaushe yana yiwuwa a kiyaye isasshen adadin samfuran cikin ingancin da ya dace ba. Wani ɓangare na masana'antu a cikin lokacin rani yana aiki akan albarkatun da aka shigo da su.
Chips
Masana'antar ciye-ciye a kasar Sin na samun bunkasuwa matuka, a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, a cewar ma'aikatar ciniki ta kasar Sin, masana'antar ta samu bunkasuwa da kashi 422,51%. A hanyoyi da yawa, shahararren samfuran da za a iya ci a kan tafiya yana da alaƙa da haɓakawa a cikin saurin rayuwar jama'a. Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura da cewa, dankalin turawa, dole ne ya yi tsayin daka mai karfi tare da sauran nau'o'in kayan ciye-ciye da suka yadu a kasar. Bugu da ƙari, ƙalubalen duniya don samfurin shine fuskantar masu amfani zuwa ga "abin ciye-ciye mai kyau" daidai da yanayin rayuwar lafiya ta duniya.
Kamfanonin guntun dankalin turawa sun fi mayar da hankali ne a lardin Fujian (Lambun Dali, Panpan, Qinqin (ciki har da Pringles) da dai sauransu. Shanghai (Lay's da Oishi) da Beijing (Orion) su ma manyan cibiyoyi ne na samar da guntun dankalin turawa, sun hada da kashi 22,59%. da 12,91% na jimlar tallace-tallace na ƙasa.
Kamfanin Dali Group shi ne kamfani mafi girma na sarrafa dankalin turawa a kasar Sin da ke sayar da yuan biliyan 16 a duk shekara, wanda ya kai kashi 34,42% na yawan cinikin kasar. Kungiyar Dali tana da rassa 18 a larduna da yankuna 16 a fadin kasar. An samar da alamar Copico na dankalin turawa a rassan Dali 10 da ke Quanzhou, Chengdu, Jinan, Hubei, Jilin, Gansu, Maanshan, Shanxi da Yunnan.
dankalin turawa
Garin dankalin turawa da ba shi da ruwa, abu ne mai mahimmanci don samar da abinci saboda ya fi sitaci zalla mai gina jiki. Noodles na sitaci (da makamantansu) za su iya ba da glucose ga jikin ɗan adam kawai, yayin da dukkanin kayayyakin dankalin turawa, kamar dankalin da aka daka da aka yi daga fulawar dankalin turawa, suna riƙe da darajar sinadirai na duka tuber dankalin turawa, watau. sitaci, furotin, bitamin, fiber na abinci da ma'adanai [Camire et al. 2009]. Samar da fulawar dankalin turawa a masana'antu yana da matukar muhimmanci ga ci gaban shirye-shiryen cin abinci lafiyayye da kayan marmari masu gina jiki wadanda suka dace da al'ummar kasar Sin [Mu et al. 2017].
Sauran kayan sarrafa dankalin turawa
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kasar Sin ta kara bullo da sauye-sauye a girke-girke na kayayyakin gargajiya wadanda a da ake yin su bisa tushen alkama ko shinkafa. Lokacin shirya gurasa mai laushi, gurasa mai laushi, alkama da noodles shinkafa, dumplings, garin dankalin turawa an kara da shi zuwa kayan da aka saba. Babban burin kirkire-kirkire shi ne inganta inganci da bambancin abinci mai gina jiki na 'yan kasar.
Nazarin ya nuna cewa burodin da aka yi daga kullu tare da ƙara da garin dankalin turawa ya inganta halayen abinci mai gina jiki da aiki [Blades et al. 2008]. Ƙara garin dankalin turawa zuwa gari na alkama an ruwaito don taimakawa wajen rage matakan alkama da kuma hana rikitarwa da ke hade da cutar celiac [Ijah et al. 2015]. A lokaci guda, ƙwararrun masu haɓaka girke-girke suna yin kowane ƙoƙari don tabbatar da cewa samfurin da aka sabunta yana riƙe da sanannun kamanni da dandano. Don haka, an lura cewa yawan adadin granules na dankalin turawa na iya lalata kaddarorin rheological na kullu [Xu et al. 2017]. Don yin burodi, ana ba da shawarar amfani da gari daga wasu nau'ikan dankali (Hunmei, Blue Kongo, Shepodi da Atlantic).
A halin yanzu, an samar da nau'o'in abinci na dankalin turawa sama da 200 a kasar Sin, kuma an samu nasarar sayar da wasu daga cikinsu.
Yawan samar da sabbin kayayyaki yana fuskantar cikas saboda rashin fasaha da kayan aiki na musamman, amma ana magance wannan matsala sannu a hankali. Misali shi ne layin samar da sitaci na dankalin turawa, wanda masana kimiyya da injiniyoyi na kasar Sin suka samar. Kayayyakin sun fito ne daga layin taro wanda, a daya bangaren, sun yi daidai da al'adun gargajiyar kasar Sin, kuma, a daya bangaren, samfurin masana'antar sarrafa dankalin turawa ne na zamani [Chen et al. 2017]. Daga mahangar fasaha, layin samar da noodle ya yi daidai da layin samarwa don fries na Faransanci, dankali mai bushewa, sitaci, da sauransu.
A kudu maso yammacin kasar Sin (larduna irin su Chongqing, Sichuan, da Guizhou), akwai dankalin turawa na gargajiya da aka shirya don dafawa wanda ya cancanci samar da masana'antu. Ana soya dankalin, sannan a yanka shi cikin yanka mai kauri sannan a bushe. Sakamakon shine samfuri bayyananne, mai taunawa irin na abalone da ba ruwa, wanda aka fi sani da "abalon kayan lambu". Irin wannan nau'in dankalin turawa da aka gama da shi ba wai kawai yana magance matsalar ajiyar dankali ba, har ma, bisa la'akari da yanayin cin abinci na jama'ar kudu maso yammacin kasar Sin, ana iya amfani da su wajen shirya abinci mai dadi sosai. Akwai buƙatar haɓaka na'urorin bushewa na musamman don sarrafa irin wannan nau'in samfuran dankalin turawa masu inganci da aka kammala don rage lokacin bushewa - " bushewar rana ".
By bayarwa bincike Masana'antar sarrafa dankalin turawa a kasar Sin: Halin da ake ciki yanzu, abubuwan da ke faruwa a gaba da tasirin duniya; Zhao-jun Wang, Hong Liu, Fan-kui Zeng, Yan-chen Yang, Dan Xu, Yu-Ci Zhao, Xiao-feng Liu, Lovedeep Kaur, Gang Liu & Jaspreet Singh