A cewar Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayyar Rasha, an girbe kusan tan miliyan 2022 na dankali a cikin tsarin da aka shirya a shekarar 7,23. Dangane da hasashen ƙungiyoyin yanki na rukunin masana'antar agro-masana'antu, an shirya karɓar 152 tons ƙasa da tubers. Akwai cikar shirin, duk da haka, a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ake ciki, wannan ya ƙara tsananta yanayin masu noman dankalin turawa.
Daga bege zuwa yanke kauna
Farashin da aka samu na girbi na 2021 da riba mai kyau a karshensa ya sa masu noman dankalin turawa na Rasha suka yanke shawarar kara yankin da ke karkashin amfanin gona da hekta 30. Kuma sabuwar kakar ta yi alkawarin zama tarihi na gaske a gare su.
– Shirin noman dankalin turawa a shekarar 2022 ya cika da kashi 102 cikin XNUMX, – in ji babban darektan kungiyar mahalarta kasuwar dankalin turawa (Union Dankali) Alexei Krasilnikov. - Idan muka yi la'akari da matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata (ton 24-25 a kowace hectare), yawan amfanin gona na iya kaiwa tan miliyan 7,4. Amma saboda dalilai da yawa na haƙiƙa, masu samar da noma sun gama kakar tare da hasara mai yawa.
- Shekarar da ta gabata ta kasance da wahala ga masu shuka dankalin turawa da kayan lambu, - ya tabbatar da shugaban gonar manoma na Sverdlovsk Andrey Aimetov. – Mun sayi taki a gaba, daskararre kudi don nan gaba bukatun, updated dankalin turawa haifuwa. Sun yi komai daidai, da dacewa, sun kashe kuɗi da yawa a cikin bege cewa kakar za ta kasance daidai. Amma a ƙarshe, kawai sun jefar da kuɗi.
Ko da yake a matakin dukan Rasha yana yiwuwa a tono dankali a kan wani yanki na hectare dubu 282,6, ko kashi 94 cikin 11 na shuka, asarar yana da mahimmanci. A cikin yankuna da dama, ciki har da Tula, Lipetsk, Tambov, Belgorod, Orenburg, Ryazan, Kirov yankuna, Trans-Baikal da Primorsky yankuna, da Jamhuriyar Mari El, Mordovia, Chuvashia, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Khakassia da Komi, akwai. sun kasance daga kashi 48 zuwa XNUMX na girbi.
Amma ko da babban abin takaici ya jira manoman lokacin da suka fara sayar da kayayyakinsu. Oversaturation na kasuwa, m gasar, low farashin, rashin bukatar - duk wannan hana masu samar da damar da za su rufe kakar tare da sa ran riba.
Babu mummunan yanayi?
Ba za a iya annabta ko hana bugu na halitta ga shuka dankalin turawa ba.
Dogon sanyi mai tsayi da lokacin rani ya kawo matsaloli da yawa ga masu noman dankalin turawa, sakamakon haka yawan amfanin ƙasa ya ragu sosai kuma ingancin tubers ya sha wahala.
"Bayan bushewar bazara na 2021, Yuli da Agusta 2022 sun kasance kamar bakin ciki dangane da hazo," in ji Aleksey Mikheev, Mataimakin Janar na Haɓaka amfanin gona a gonar Krasny Mayak Yaroslavl. - Saboda haka, kasuwancinmu bai kai matakin yawan aiki ba, dankali ba shi da isasshen danshi. Kuma saboda jinkirin ciyayi, tubers sun kasa samar da isasshen kwasfa mai ƙarfi. A cikin bazara, akasin haka, an rubuta babban zafi. Akwai manyan kullutu da yawa da suka rage a cikin ƙasa, wanda ya haifar da rauni ga dankali a lokacin girbi.
- A farkon lokacin rani, har yanzu muna da hazo, - Alexander Alekseev, shugaban gonar manoman Novgorod, ya ba da labarin kwarewarsa, amma daga ƙarshen Yuli zuwa Satumba ba a yi ruwan sama ba. Kayan aikin gona na ba shine mafi zamani ba, wasu inji har yanzu daga zamanin Soviet, kuma ba zai yiwu a shuka tubers da zurfi ba. Haɗin waɗannan abubuwa biyu ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa dankalin turawa yana fama da fari na ƙasa kuma an haife shi kaɗan.
"Na gode da ruwan sama na Yuni, har zuwa tubers 25-30 a kowane daji sun samo asali a cikin filayenmu," in ji Andrey Aimetov. - Amma a lokacin girma da suke aiki, lokacin da zafi ya kasance digiri 30-40, ba digon ruwan sama ya fadi ba. Don haka mun sami dankali mai yawa tare da diamita na 40 zuwa 50 mm. A lokacin girbi, tubers sun sami lalacewar injiniya, saboda a wannan lokacin ƙasa ta kasance da wuya a matsayin dutse.
“Gonar mu ta daɗe tana fama da dankali,” in ji masanin aikin gona na Tver KFH Saratov A.V. Evgeny Saratov. - Amma ba a taɓa samun irin wannan tsaftacewa kamar na 2022 a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarmu ba. Bugu da ƙari, cewa ƙasa ta juya ta zama mai bushewa har zuwa iyaka, yawancin lumps sun kafa, wanda, tare da tubers, sun shiga cikin ajiya. Amma akwai bayani kan wannan. Mun dasa dankali a cikin bazara mai bushe da sanyi, kafin ƙasa ta sami lokacin girma.
Ana iya keɓance tsaftacewar lokacin 2022 zuwa wani ɗaba'ar daban.
"Saboda yanayin yanayi, an kafa dokar ta baci a yankuna 16 na kasar," in ji shi Alexei Krasilnikov. - Daga cikinsu akwai sanannun shugabanni wajen samar da dankali. Saboda haka, saboda waterlogging na kasar gona a tsakiyar girbi, gaggawa halin da ake ciki ya tasowa a Tula, Belgorod, Oryol, Lipetsk, Ryazan, Penza, Voronezh, Tambov, Kursk da Bryansk yankunan.
A watan Satumba da Oktoba, manoma da yawa ba su iya shiga gona kawai, saboda damina bai tsaya tsawan makonni ba. Gudun aikin ya ragu sosai, lokaci ya ɓace, kuma sakamakon haka, gonakin da ba a girbe su ba kafin sanyi ya shiga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara.
Babu layin azurfa
Halin siyasa a duniya ya haifar da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da ayyuka da dama, lamarin da ya shafi tsadar ayyukan noma. Bugu da ƙari, an sami gazawa mai tsanani a cikin aikin ingantattun tsare-tsaren dabaru.
Ma'aikatan Yammacin Turai sun ƙi isar da kayayyaki a cikin hanyar Rasha, akwai matsaloli tare da hayar jiragen ruwa da sufurin jiragen ruwa. Da yawa sun tura kayan aiki zuwa motoci, amma karancinsa bai basu damar cika wa'adin ba.
" Jinkirin samar da kayan aiki da kayayyakin gyara ya bukaci sa hannun hukumomin tarayya," in ji shi Alexei Krasilnikov. “Bayan haka, dillalan gida sun yi iyakacin kokarinsu wajen samar wa manoma kayayyakin gyara da kuma hana raguwar lokutan ayyukansu. Kuma a lokacin da farashin takin ma’adinai ya karu da kusan kashi 50 bisa XNUMX, tare da taimakon ma’aikatar masana’antu da kasuwanci da ma’aikatar noma, an dakatar da karin farashin.
Duk da wahalhalun da aka fuskanta, a lokacin da ya gabata, manoma sun yi nasarar siyan manyan injunan noma na gida da waje. Har yanzu ba a iya samun cikar buƙatun ba, kuma ga wurare da dama, alal misali, masu girbi don girbi kayan lambu da dankali, an yi jerin gwano na tsawon shekaru biyu ko uku kafin nan.
"A lokacin rani, lokacin da ruble ya ƙarfafa, mun biya gaba don sababbin kayan aiki, mun fara gina rataye don adana amfanin gona," in ji bayanin kula. Евгений Saratov. – Hakan kuma ya samu saukin tsadar kayayyakin mu a bara, wanda hakan ya ba da damar samun riba mai kyau. Gaskiya ne, a watan Disamba, lokacin da kudin kasar ya yi hasarar kasa, farashin motoci ya tashi sosai. Alal misali, mai girbin dankalin turawa ya tashi a farashin da 4 miliyan rubles lokaci guda.
Neman kasuwanni
A lokacin kamfen girbi a cikin 2022, an girbe adadi mai yawa na ɗan ƙaramin dankalin turawa. Kuma hakan ya kara wahalar da masu noman sayar da amfanin gona.
"Lokaci ya yi da za a yanke shawara don rage buƙatun sarƙoƙin dillalai," in ji Alexei Krasilnikov. - Dankali mai matsakaicin girma ba shi da ƙasa da inganci zuwa mafi girma, yana da kaddarorin amfani iri ɗaya da gustatory. Don haka, tabbas za a sami buƙatun masu amfani da irin waɗannan samfuran. Kungiyar dankalin turawa ta shirya yin shawarwari tare da dillalan Rasha kan wannan batu nan gaba kadan.
"A cewar na lura, a yau a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa akwai dankali da ba su cika nasu bukatun ko dai a cikin ma'auni ko inganci," ya yi mamaki. Evgeny Saratov. - Amma kantin mu na sarkar ya ki shan tubers ko da da kananan fasa. Al'amarin ya tsananta da tsakiyar kaka, lokacin da ba mu sayar da komai ba har tsawon mako guda. Amma sai wani abokin ciniki ya bayyana wanda ya ɗauki dankali don wankewa tare da sayarwa na gaba, kuma mun kai ga adadi mai kyau.
"A shekarun baya, muna jigilar dankali da manyan motoci, kuma abokan ciniki sun tsaya a layi," in ji Andrey Aimetov. Amma a kaka na karshe dole ne in yi gasa tare da abokan aiki daga yankunan Kemerovo da Omsk, inda suka kawo manyan tubers a 7-8 rubles da kilogram. Da fara isar da samfuran mu zuwa Uzbekistan, da alama an sami kasuwar tallace-tallace a ƙarshe. Amma a lokaci guda, an kawo dankali daga yankunan Sverdlovsk da Chelyabinsk, sakamakon haka, farashin ya fadi, tallace-tallace ya tsaya. Amma ba mu daina da kuma ci gaba da rayayye bincika abokan ciniki ga wanda muka bayar ana jerawa da kuma kunshin tubers na biyar da caliber.
"A kasuwancinmu, an raba dankali zuwa guntu kuma ana jerawa da inganci kafin a sayar," in ji Alexei Mikhev.- Babban yana zuwa cikin sarƙoƙi, masu matsakaiciyar tubers suna zuwa ga ƙananan dillalai, ’yan kasuwa, kuma ana siyar da su ta kantunan nasu. Akwai bayyanannen shirin, kuma daidai da shi, dole ne mu sami lokaci don sayar da dukan girbi kafin ƙarshen bazara.
Bayan da ba a ga karin farashin ba, masana'antun da yawa sun dakatar da sayar da dankalin, kuma tun farkon sabuwar shekara sun sa ido sosai kan halin da ake ciki a kasuwa.
- A cikin 2021, na sami kuɗi mai kyau, - ya bayyana Alexander Aleksev, - don haka na yanke shawarar canza fasahar samar da kayan aiki, sayan kayan aiki, saya tsaba na ingancin elite. Don su cika shirinsu, dole ne in yi amfani da kuɗin aro. Kuma na sayar da dankalin sabon amfanin gona har sai da na biya bashin. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Ina jiran haɓakar farashin samfuran, saboda sayar da shi yanzu yana nufin yin aiki zuwa sifili. Ina tsammanin babu shakka ba za a sami irin wannan farashin tubers kamar shekara guda da ta gabata ba. Amma ina fata cewa ta hanyar bazara zai tashi zuwa akalla 18-20 rubles da kilogram.
Duk da haka, ba kowa ba ne zai iya jira farashi mai ban sha'awa ba tare da asara ba. Manoman girbi a yanayin zafi mai yawa sun fuskanci wata matsala. Wucewa da danshi barnatar ya shafi kiyaye ingancin dankali aika domin ajiya a cikin manyan kundin.
Zuwa ingantaccen samarwa
Manoma daga yankuna daban-daban sun yarda cewa a sabuwar kakar ya zama dole a rage yankin da ake noma. Shekarar da ta gabata ta fito fili ta nuna illar abin da ya haifar da wuce gona da iri.
"An dakatar da gina masana'antun sarrafa kayayyaki da dama saboda ficewar 'yan kasuwa daga kasashen waje daga kasarmu," in ji shi. Alexei Krasilnikov. – Kuma duk da haka muna sa ran cewa girma na sarrafawa ta 2024 zai zama akalla 2 ton miliyan na tubers a shekara. Masana'antu don samar da soya da sitaci na Faransa ba da daɗewa ba za su bayyana a yankuna da yawa na Rasha, alal misali, a cikin yankunan Kaliningrad, Lipetsk, Tula da Moscow. Sakamakon aiwatar da irin wadannan ayyuka, za a iya kawar da yawan ciniki a kasuwa, wanda zai taimaka wajen ci gaba da samun ribar masu noma a matakin da ya dace.
"A bara mun shuka kadada 30 na dankalin turawa," in ji Alexei Mikhev. - An sayar da amfanin gona da aka samu, fiye da ton 700, nan da nan a kan farashi mai araha, kuma dukkanin tubers, wanda ya fara daga 35 mm, ya bar. Mun gamsu da sakamakon kuma, mai yiwuwa, za mu ci gaba da haɓaka wannan jagorar. Kasuwar Rasha har yanzu ba ta cika cika da dankali don sarrafawa ba. Bukatar ta ya kasance mai girma akai-akai, wanda dole ne a yi amfani da shi.
"Rabon dankalin turawa a cikin gonakinmu ya kai kashi 30 cikin dari, amma muna so mu kara shi zuwa 50," in ji shirinsa. Evgeny Saratov. - A cikin shekara ta biyu, muna ba da kayayyaki ga wani babban kamfani na Yamma da ke aiki a Rasha. Farashin kwakwalwan dankalin turawa sun fi na abinci riba sosai, kuma ina ganin babban buri na haɓaka samar da shi. Idan muka yi magana game da tattalin arzikin gaba ɗaya, aikin yana ci gaba da inganta ingantaccen aiki a duk matakan aikinsa.
"Muna kokarin samun ci gaba, saka hannun jari a samarwa, samar da sabbin ayyuka, inganta ababen more rayuwa na gundumarmu," in ji shi. Andrey Aimetov.- A kakar da ta gabata, an fara aikin gina wurin ajiyar tan dubu uku, inda aka ba da umarnin duk wasu kudade da ake da su. Muna da namu layi na rarrabuwa, amma kuma muna buƙatar ƙirƙirar wuraren aiki na farko da marufi, wanda zai buƙaci saka hannun jari mai yawa. Manufarmu ita ce shigar da sarƙoƙi tare da samfuranmu kuma mu kulla kwangiloli na dogon lokaci tare da su. Don yin wannan, ana samar da haɗin gwiwar da za ta haɗu da kamfanoni da yawa tare da ba da damar sayar da dankali a cikin tsari da tsari.
A ƙarshen Nuwamba 2022, Rosstat ya buga bayanai kan ƙidayar noma da aka gudanar a shekara guda da ta gabata. Sakamakonsa ya nuna cewa, idan aka kwatanta da 2016, yankin da ke ƙarƙashin dankali a cikin filaye na sirri ya ragu daga hekta miliyan ɗaya zuwa dubu ɗari biyar.
– Kin yin noman amfanin gona na al’umma ya bude kyakkyawar fata ga bangaren kayayyaki, – na tabbata. Alexei Krasilnikov.- Kuma idan wannan yanayin ya ci gaba, manoma za su iya haɓaka yawan abin da ake nomawa ba tare da tsoron hauhawar kasuwa ba da ƙarancin buƙatun kayayyakin.
Rushewar farashin dankalin turawa a ƙarshen kakar 2022 ya zo da cikakken mamaki ga mutane da yawa. Halin na iya maimaita kansa a wannan kakar, don haka ɗaukar sabbin matakan tallafi na jihohi yana da matukar amfani.
A ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2023, aikin tarayya "Haɓaka kayan lambu da dankalin turawa" ya fara aiki. Yana bayar da karuwar kashi 2030 cikin 20 na yawan noman tuber a sassan da aka tsara nan da shekarar XNUMX. Zai yiwu cewa tallafi a cikin ruble za a ji riga a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta gaba, kuma manoma za su sami ƙarin dalilai don yin magana game da nasarori da nasarori.
Irina Berg