Kwari da cututtuka suna lalata 20 zuwa 40% na amfanin gona a duniya. Manoma a kasashe masu tasowa sau da yawa ba su san ainihin abin da ke cutar da gonakinsu ba. Rage yawan amfanin gona da asarar kuɗin shiga yakan haifar da yunwa.
Taimakawa manoma masu karamin karfi ganowa da sarrafa kwari da cututtuka na amfanin gona na iya kara yawan amfanin gona da samun kudin shiga, amma idan aka yi la'akari da iri-iri da tsananin barazanar kwari da cututtuka, wannan babban aiki ne.
Don taimakawa shawo kan wannan matsala, masana kimiyya suna amfani da fasahar dijital, kwanan nan suna ƙara dankalin turawa da cututtukan dankalin turawa zuwa aikace-aikacen bincike na PlantVillage Nuru.
Nuru (ma'ana "haske" a cikin Swahili) ƙa'idar wayar hannu ce ta kyauta wacce ke ba da cututtukan shuke-shuke ko tantance kwaro a cikin fage, har ma da wuraren da ba su da hanyar sadarwar wayar hannu. Masana kimiyya daga Jami'ar ne suka haɓaka shi Pennsylvania da cibiyoyin CGIAR da yawa kuma wani bangare ne na PlantVillage – wani dandali na tallafawa manoma wanda ya haɗu da fasaha na wucin gadi da fasahar tauraron dan adam.
An kaddamar da Nuru a Afirka a cikin 2018 tare da ikon gano cututtukan rogo guda biyu (CMD da CBSD). Daga baya aka fadada shi tare da haɗin gwiwar Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.FAO).
Masana kimiyya daga Cibiyar Dankali ta Duniya (CIP) da Jihar Pennsylvania sun yi haɗin gwiwa don haɓaka basirar wucin gadi (AI) don Nuru don gano cututtukan ƙwayar cuta da ƙwayar dankalin turawa. An ƙara Diagnostic Virus Diagnostic zuwa sigar Google Play na app tun Maris 2022, yayin da aka ƙara Late Blight Diagnostic a ƙarshen 2021.
Dankali da dankalin turawa na kara zama muhimmin amfanin gona na abinci a Afirka, inda kananan manoma ke noma su wadanda galibi ke fama da asarar amfanin gona saboda cututtuka.
"Ta hanyar baiwa manoma damar gano gaggarumin gano cututtuka masu muni da suka shafi wasu muhimman amfanin gona a nahiyar Afirka, wannan sabuwar fasahar tana taimakawa wajen samar da abinci da rayuwa," in ji Jan Kreize, Shugaban Sashen Samar da Noma da Tsarin Kimiyya na CIP.
Kimanin nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta 30 na iya cutar da tsire-tsire dankalin turawa. Ana yada su ta hanyar whiteflies, aphids da kayan shuka. Cutar rashin lafiya, cuta mai saurin yaduwa da iska, na iya lalata kashi 60 ko fiye na amfanin gonar dankalin turawa a cikin ‘yan makonnin damina idan ba a kula da su ba.
Kayayyakin Haɓaka
AI da ke ba da ikon bincikar Nuru an haɓaka ta ta amfani da dubun-dubatar hotuna na tsire-tsire masu lafiya da lafiya kuma an inganta su ta hanyar maimaita tantancewar filin.
A cikin dankalin turawa, cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta galibi suna asymptomatic, kuma alamun bayyanar sun bambanta daga iri-iri zuwa wani. Don ba wa Nuru damar gano cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin tsire-tsire waɗanda ba su da kaɗan ko babu alamun cutar, masu binciken sun yi amfani da gwaje-gwajen bincike don gano tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da asymptomatic da fatan koya wa Nuru's AI don gano alamun da ko masana ba za su iya lura da su ba.
Lokacin da Nuru ya gano cuta, yana haɗa manoma zuwa bayanai da jagorar gudanarwa akan gidan yanar gizon PlantVillage.
Tun da har yanzu wayoyin hannu ba su da yawa a yankunan karkara, ana ba wa shugaban kowane rukuni na manoma 20-100 damar yin amfani da aikace-aikacen. A cikin 2021, CIP ta rarraba wayoyi 240 ga masu samar da iri da shugabannin rukunin gonaki a Kenya da Tanzaniya.
"Nuru ya taimaki manoma sosai," in ji Kreiser. "Suna kara koyo game da cutar ta dade, yadda za a kare ta da yadda za a magance cutar, kuma suna inganta noman dankalin turawa."