Vladimir Groshev, dan takarar kimiyyar aikin gona,
Sannu Darakta Nature
(Italpollina S.p.A.) a Rasha da kuma CIS
Tallafin Organomineral don Ci gaban Lafiya
Ba asiri ba ne cewa muddin shuka ya kasance mai ƙarfi da lafiya, yana da "tauri sosai" ga yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa. Matsaloli daban-daban suna haifar da rauni na turgor, microtraumas, konewa kuma, a sakamakon haka, haɓakar haɓakar kyallen takarda don ƙwayoyin cuta.
Wani matsala sau da yawa yakan zama abinci marar daidaituwa, lokacin da tsire-tsire suka cika da takin nitrogen, amma babu isasshen alli, phosphorus da potassium wajibi ne don ƙarfafa tsarin salula.
Sakamakon abubuwan da ba su da kyau za a iya kawar da su ta hanyar yin amfani da shirye-shirye na yau da kullum tare da peptides da amino acid, wanda ke ƙara yawan abubuwan gina jiki ta kwata, ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa.
peptides shuka da amino acid shirye-shiryen kayan gini ne don kayan shuka, gabatarwar su a cikin matakan samar da amfanin gona yana kunna aiki mafi kyau kuma yana tabbatar da tarin abubuwan gina jiki a cikin gabobin haɓaka, ta haka kai tsaye yana shafar inganci da adadin amfanin gona.
A cikin ra'ayinmu, mafi kyawun shirye-shiryen tattarawa na 100% peptides kayan lambu da amino acid sune magungunan da aka riga aka sani don ingantaccen inganci. MAI KOYARWA (1,5-3 l / ha) da sabon ruwa mai narkewa AQUAMINE (0,5-2 kg/ha), wanda ya ƙunshi 62-66% na peptides da amino acid, wanda ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba don shuka hydrolysates.
Ana iya amfani da ƙarin samfura guda biyu daga kewayon Halittun Halittu tare da waɗannan magunguna don rigakafin aiki da sarrafa haɓakar cututtuka. A magani PHOSHITE-1 (2-3 l / ha) saboda babban taro na potassium phosphite yana haifar da kira mai aiki na phytoalexins - mahadi masu aiki sosai waɗanda ke rage haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta, hana samuwar spores, da rushe hanyoyin rayuwa na ƙwayoyin cuta na pathogenic. Yawan phosphorus na wayar hannu da potassium yana ba da kauri ga bangon tantanin halitta da kyallen takarda, wanda shine ingantacciyar shinge ta jiki don shigar pathogen.
A cikin yanayin bayyanar foci na cutar, ma'auni mafi tasiri don magance nau'in cututtuka daban-daban, ciki har da ƙwayar cuta, powdery mildew, da nau'o'in rot, shi ne shirye-shirye na tsarin sadarwa mai dauke da tagulla. SKUDO (1,5-2,5 l / ha). An ba da izinin wannan shiri don amfani a cikin aikin noma kuma ba shi da lokacin jira, wanda ke da matukar mahimmanci idan ana buƙatar jiyya a cikin matakan ciyayi na ƙarshe.
Canjin magungunan biyu yana taimakawa wajen kula da lafiyar amfanin gona a farashi kaɗan, kare su daga mamayewar ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙarfafa lafiyar shuka daga ciki, da hana haɓakar cututtuka.
Inshorar ƙwayoyin cuta don kare girbi
Dangane da karuwar amfani da kayayyakin kariya na shuka sinadarai iri-iri, wadanda galibi ake amfani da su cikin gaggauto ba tare da katsewa ba, ana samun juriya a cikin abubuwa masu cutarwa da ake nusar da su, watau. da juriya na al'umma na pathogenic microorganisms zuwa abubuwan da a baya mutuwa a gare su. Haka kuma, kwayoyin halitta masu fa'ida wadanda suka zauna a yankin ko kasa kafin bullowar fasahohi masu tsauri, amma ba su da juriya ga illar guba, suma suna shan wahala a lokacin jiyya na sinadarai. Don haka, a yawancin yankuna na noma, wurare suna bayyana inda ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa suka mamaye kuma kaɗan da ƙarancin shirye-shiryen fungicidal suna aiki akan su, wanda ke ƙara wahalhalu wajen adana amfanin gona da ƙara tsadar ƙungiyoyin noma don samar da kayan lambu.
Maganin matsalar adana kayan lambu daga lalacewa ta hanyar manyan cututtukan fungal da na kwayan cuta, a cikin ra'ayinmu, na iya zama nau'in microbiota mara ƙarancin ƙarfi - trichoderma, wanda zai iya yin gasa tare da yanayin cututtukan cututtuka masu juriya ba tare da amfani da magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta ba.
Trichoderma shine nau'in fungi da ake samu a duk ƙasa. Yawancin nau'ikan wannan nau'in sune mycoparasites, wato, suna aiki azaman wakili na biocontroller na halitta akan yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙasa (fusarium, rhizoctonia, phytophthora, sclerotinia, Alternaria).
Trichoderma atroviride yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun ƴan takara don amfani a haɗaɗɗen shirye-shiryen tsarin kariyar shuka. Wannan nau'in trichoderma shine mafi girman kai ga ƙwayoyin cuta kuma a lokaci guda yana jure wa yanayin yanayi mara kyau, yana ba da haɗin auxins da sauran abubuwan haɓaka haɓaka, kuma yana haɓaka gabatarwar mycorrhiza kuma baya toshe ci gaban microorganisms masu amfani.
Hello Nature yana da samfurori da yawa a cikin fayil ɗin sa waɗanda suka haɗa da nau'i mai tasiri sosai Trichoderma atroviride a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban da haɗuwa tare da mycorrhiza ko ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu mayar da hankali kan shirye-shiryen trichodermal TIFI. Foda ce mai narkewa da ruwa mai ɗauke da 2 x 108 CFU / g T. atroviride, wanda aka ba da shawarar ga duka biyun (1-2 kg / ha) da fesa (0,5-1 kg / ha).
A cikin lokacin 2019-21, a cikin gonaki da yawa, mun gudanar da gwaje-gwajen samarwa na shirye-shiryen TIFI akan kayan lambu da kayan marmari daban-daban. Musamman ma, a cikin 2019, a cikin gundumar Gorodishchensky na yankin Volgograd, akan shuka albasa, an yi gwaji tare da aikace-aikacen TIFI guda ɗaya a gwargwadon 1 kg / ha ta hanyar hadi idan aka kwatanta da sarrafa tattalin arziki (Benazol SP, 6). kg/ha) a cikin kashi 3-leaf. Dangane da yanayin gwajin, duk sauran sigogi na samar da wutar lantarki da na'urorin kariya sun kasance iri ɗaya ne.
Ma'auni na tsaka-tsakin ya nuna cewa bambance-bambancen tare da FFI yana da tasiri mai tasiri a kan samuwar tushen tushen karfi da tsarin ganye, wanda ya tabbatar da karuwar yawan amfanin ƙasa ta 11 t / ha idan aka kwatanta da bambancin gona (yawan amfanin gona a filin ya tashi zuwa 104 t). /ha). Bugu da ƙari, makircin TIFI yana da matakin kariya na albasa daga Fusarium kamar yadda a cikin bambance-bambancen da aka yi amfani da kayan kariya na tsire-tsire. Bugu da ƙari, amfanin gona tare da zaɓi na amfani da TFI ya zama mafi juriya (sakamakon muhimmin aiki na Trichoderma a cikin tushen Layer) zuwa bayyanar rot da ke faruwa a lokacin ajiya.
Bincike ya kuma tabbatar da cewa gabatarwar TIFI ta hanyar hadi da yalwar maganin foliar na shuka watanni 1-2 kafin girbi, yana ba da babban taro na Trichoderma spores akan tushen wuyansa ko tushen amfanin gona kafin a ajiye amfanin gona a ajiya, wanda ke taimakawa rage asarar ajiya da haɓaka fa'idar tattalin arziki daga girbe amfanin gona.