Kasancewar kasarmu tana daga cikin shugabannin kasashen duniya wajen fitar da hatsi sanannen abu ne. Kuma kasancewar mun wadatar da kasashen waje goma tare da man mu na sunflower shima ba labari bane. Har ma muna samar da naman shanu zuwa kasuwannin waje. Amma ga gaskiyar cewa Rasha ta fashe cikin kasuwar duniya tare da ... kwakwalwan kwamfuta! - gaskiyar abin da ba zato ba tsammani.
Mai cutarwa. Amma ina so in
"Ba zato ba tsammani, amma an cika shi," in ji masana daga kamfanin tallace-tallace na Roif Expert, wadanda suka yi nazari kan kasuwar kwakwalwar dankalin turawa. Gaskiya ne, sun ce, kwakwalwarmu ba ta kai can nesa ba, amma Kazakhstan, Belarus, Azerbaijan da sauran ƙasashe na tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet sun kamu da su gaba ɗaya. Abin farin ciki, yan kasuwa suna jaddada, a cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata, haɓakar samar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta a cikin ƙasa ya haɓaka sosai har ma da haɓakar tasirin amfanin gida. Kuma wannan banbancin ya ba da damar haɓaka fitarwa da kusan kashi 10% a kowace shekara.
A shekarar da ta gabata, ya kai kusan kashi 20% na yawan kayan da ake samarwa a cikin kasar. A cikin sharuddan darajar, dala miliyan 75 ne. A cikin gaskiya: Hakanan ana shigo da kwakwalwan kwamfuta daga kasashen waje zuwa Rasha. Amma idan, alal misali, a cikin 2015, ƙididdigar shigo da fitarwa kusan daidai yake, to a cikin 2019, isar da kaya daga ƙasashen waje ya ninka uku daga fitarwa daga Rasha.
A kan wannan, ana iya ajiye littafin da sakamakon binciken duniya. Kuma ku mai da hankali ga peculiarity na halin da ake ciki yanzu, waɗanda 'yan kasuwa na haɗin haɗin kasuwancin suka lura - waɗanda ke bin ƙa'idodin masu amfani kai tsaye a cikin shaguna. Don haka, ya zama cewa sayayyar kayan ciye-ciye a cikin makonni biyu na tilasta "hutu" a cikin birane kusan ninki biyu. Kuma kwakwalwan kwamfuta wani bangare ne na rukunin kayan ciye-ciye.
Abun ciye-ciye kayan abinci ne don saurin koshi mai gamsarwa. Suna kuma taimakawa wuce lokaci. Ciki har da waɗanda yanzu suke keɓe kai. Wannan shine bayani game da karuwar bukatar mabukaci.
Dukan babbar kasuwar kayan ciye-ciye ta kasu kashi biyu, kuma manyan, ƙungiyoyi - don abinci mai daɗi da mai daɗi. Na farko ana sarrafa mu ne da kwakwalwan mu (su ma sun mallaki kaso mafi tsoka a cikin kasuwar cin abincin gaba daya - kusan 30%). A bayansu akwai iri, kwayoyi; gishiri mai gishiri, bambaro, kukis; kifi, abincin teku; kyafaffen tsiran alade, da dai sauransu.
A cewar kamfanin bincike na Market Analytica, shahararrun kwakwalwan kwamfuta a tsakanin Russia sune kwakwalwan da aka dandana cuku. An fi son su da 36% na masu amfani. Sannan cikin tsari na saukowa: kwakwalwan kwamfuta tare da kirim mai tsami da ganye (14%), na halitta tare da gishiri (12%), tare da albasa (10%), tare da naman alade (8%), tare da kirim mai tsami da namomin kaza (4%). 3% na masu amfani "ba komai, Ina son kowane irin".
Maza daga shekaru 18 zuwa 50 suna ba da fifiko ba kawai ga kwakwalwan kwamfuta ba, har ma da duk abincin buɗaɗɗe na gishiri. Mafi yawan masu amfani sune matasa daga shekaru 16 zuwa 23 masu shekaru da shekaru masu shekaru.
Kodayake yawancin masu cin abinci - 80% - suna la'akari da kwakwalwan kwamfuta da sauran kayan ciye-ciye masu gishiri marasa lafiya, suna siyan su ta wata hanya. 37% ana yin burodin kayan ciye-ciye aƙalla sau ɗaya a mako, 30% - sau ɗaya a kowane sati biyu zuwa uku. Amma 10% suna cin waɗannan kayan yau da kullun.
Fansa da Mummunan Cook
Tarihin kayan abinci na duniya ya san samfuran samfurori da yawa waɗanda aka haife su saboda tsarkakakken dama. Don haka yana tare da kwakwalwan kwamfuta.
... Mai girman jirgin ruwa, babban mai mallakin jirgi a cikin Sabuwar Duniya, Cornelius Vanderbilt, yana da halin kirki. Da zarar ya zauna a mafi kyawun otal a cikin garin shakatawa na Saratoga Springs kuma an gayyace shi zuwa tebur a lokacin cin abincin rana.
Tarihi ya yi shiru game da ainihin abin da aka ba shi don abincin rana. Amma a cikin zane-zane ya bayyana kyamar da dankalin turawa ya haifar a miliyon. Shi, ka gani, an sare shi sosai. An maida tasa zuwa kicin, an kawo sabo. Abinda akayi shine daidai: fi, babba! .. Kuma a karo na uku - abu daya ne ...
An azabtar da babban mai dafa abinci George Crum don yayyafa dankali. Kuma, shirya tasa a karo na huɗu, cikin ɓacin rai ya yankakke tubers ɗin zuwa mafi kyawon yanka. Sannan ya soya su a mai har sai ya huce. Daga baya, ya yarda cewa abin tsokana ne - duk da fushin gaggle.
Tsokanar ta kasa. Vanderbilt yayi farin ciki da sabon abincin. Kuma na yi odar yanka dankalin turawa (a Turanci - kwakwalwan kwamfuta) duk lokacin da na zauna a otal. Sabon sunan tasa "Chips Saratoga" kuma ya zama suna na musamman.
Hakan ya faru ne a shekarar 1853. Kuma ba da daɗewa ba Krum ya buɗe gidan abincin nasa. Haka kuma, kwakwalwan da ke cikin sa ba na siyarwa bane; kawai kuna iya guntun dankalin turaren ne a teburin. Farantin ya zama sananne tsakanin mashahurin baƙi na Amurka kuma ya shiga cikin jerin gidajen cin abinci masu tasowa a Amurka.
Bayan shekara talatin kawai, sai fashewar titin ya shiga titin. Shekaru talatin bayan haka, a cikin 20 na karni na karshe, ta tsallaka iyakar Amurka ta tashi zuwa "duniya."
Chips ya bayyana a cikin Soviet Union a 1963. An kafa masana'antu a Moscow a kamfanin Mospischekombinat No. 1. Ana kiran samfurin "Crispy Dankali (a cikin yanka). Moscow ". An samar da shi cike da jakunkuna na 50 grams kuma a farashin 10 anin. A lardin, har ma a manyan biranen yanki, ba a samar da irin wannan ba. Sabili da haka, jakar dankalin crispy mai nasara shine otal a Moscow. Bari ya kasance mai buttery.
Ba da kwatsam bane sai na tuna da oilily. Yanzu ɗayan masana'antar suna samar da Dankali ta Moscow, tana bin wannan tsohuwar girke-girke na Soviet, amma yin wasu canje-canje ga tsarin fasaha. Wannan ya adana samfurin ƙarshe daga mai wuce haddi.
Kuma farkon san Rasha tare da kwakwalwan da aka yi da ƙasashen waje ya faru a tsakiyar 1990s. Dole ne mu yarda: duk ƙasar, daga ƙanana zuwa babba, sun kamu da su. Duk da cewa an riga an san sakamakon binciken ilimin kimiyya, wanda ya gane wannan samfurin azaman abinci mai ƙarancin abinci (abinci mai daɗi - "abinci mai datti").
Dankali na Musamman
Hanyar gargajiya ta yin kuli-kuli, kamar fiye da karni da rabi da suka wuce, ita ce a soya dankalin yankakken dankalin turawa. Koyaya, yanzu sau da yawa ana maye gurbinsa da kayan gasa. A kowane hali, ingancin albarkatun ƙasa yana da matukar mahimmanci, saboda talakawan tebur na tebur ba su dace da kwakwalwan kwamfuta.
Masu kiwo sun haɓaka nau'ikan kwakwalwan dankalin turawa na musamman. Ya tubers ya zama mai yawa, tare da lebur kuma lalle zagaye surface. Jerin abubuwan da ake buƙata ya ma bayyana abin da idanuwansu ya kamata su zama - mara ƙanƙanci, don inganta aikin tsabtace. Abubuwan haɗin sunadarai yakamata ya zama rarrabe: ƙarancin sukari da babban abun ciki mai ƙarfi.
A cikin shekaru goma da rabi da suka gabata, sababbin nau'ikan iri da kuma nau'ikan halittar ba wai kawai baƙi ba ne, har ma zaɓin gida ya bayyana. Kuma karkashin namo dankalin kwakwalwan kwamfuta kwakwalwan kwamfuta a Rasha yanzu kasaftawa yanki mai yawa. Don haka, yawanci yawanci wadatowar kayan amfanin gona ya wuce abinda ake nema daga kamfanonin masana'antar. Sannan kwakwalwan dankalin turawa ya tafi dillali a parlour tare da dakin cin abinci.
Ta ƙa'idodin yawancin masana'antun, mai mai ya kamata bai ba da ƙanshin kayan da aka gama ba. Saboda haka, ana yawan amfani da dabino ko waken soya. Don manyan kwakwalwan kwamfuta - zaitun. Bayan an soya, kwakwalwan sun bushe, gishiri, yaji da kuma kunshe.
Wata hanyar samarwa ita ce gyare-gyare. Daga kullu dankalin turawa, kayan yaji da garin alkama, sitaci, gishiri, faranti na bakin ciki an kirkiresu - lebur ko corrugated, suna soyayyen. A lokaci guda, ɗanɗanar soyayyen dankali kusan ya ɓace, saboda haka, galibi ana gabatar da dandano a cikin irin waɗannan kwakwalwan. Sabili da haka "ɗanɗano" bai ɓace ko'ina ba, an ƙara monosodium glutamate - mafi shahara da yaduwar ƙanshin haɓaka a duniya.
Wata hanyar samarwa itace kwakwalwan kwakwalwan kwamfuta. An kuma sanya su "akan sitaci". Amma dandanorsa kusan ba a ji. Kuma ana buƙatar ƙananan ƙari don ɗanɗanar waɗannan kwakwalwan. A Turai, yanzu sun fi son wannan nau'in. A cikin Rasha, duk da haka, irin waɗannan kwakwalwan har yanzu suna kan iyakar hankalin masu amfani. Bayar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta lokacin da suka zama kusan abin biyan yau da kullun ba sauki bane. Dogaro da su yana da alaƙa da narko - wannan ya tabbatar da hakan daga masana kimiyyar Jamusawa. Amma har yanzu ba wanda ya ba da rahoto game da yadda za a "kashe kwakwalwa" daga rashin sarrafawar amfani da tarkacen abinci.