Ba tare da wata shakka ba, babban batu na lokacin rani na 2018 shine shawarar da Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Eurasian ta gabatar don gabatar da ayyukan hana zubar da jini ga yawancin masu samar da tsire-tsire daga Turai.
Ana sa ran masu samar da ciyawa na Turai za su biya haraji na musamman tsakanin kashi 28% zuwa 52% na darajar kwastam na kowane samfur. Wannan shawarar za ta canza halin da ake ciki a kasuwannin Rasha na samfuran kariyar shuka.
Labarin tare da ayyuka ya fara a watan Disamba 2016. Sa'an nan kuma kamfanoni hudu daga Rasha, Belarus da Kazakhstan (CJSC Firm "Agusta", JSC Shchelkovo Agrokhim, CJSC "Agusta-Bel" da LLP "Astana-Nan") sun yi kira ga Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Eurasian tare da buƙatar gudanar da bincike na hana zubar da jini. . Kamfanonin sun yi iƙirarin cewa abokan aikinsu na Turai suna shigo da maganin ciyawa cikin ƙasashen EAEU (Rasha, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan da Armeniya) akan farashi mai rahusa. Kuma wannan yana haifar da babbar illa ga masu kera na gida.
Binciken ya dauki kusan shekara daya da rabi. Sakamakon haka, Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Eurasia ta goyi bayan matsayin masu neman kuma ta yanke shawarar gabatar da ayyukan hana zubar da jini na tsawon shekaru biyar daga 30 ga Yuni. An saita adadin haraji a matsayin kaso na ƙimar kwastan na maganin ciyawa.
A cikin shawarar da ta yanke, Hukumar Tattalin Arzikin Eurasian ta kuma gano jerin nau'ikan maganin ciyawa waɗanda ba za a sanya takunkumin hana zubar da jini ba:
- herbicides dauke da daya aiki sashi penoxulam a cikin kwayoyin taro na 25 g/l;
- herbicides dauke da daya aiki sashi, azimsulfuron, a cikin kwayoyin taro na 500 g/kg;
- herbicides dauke da abu mai aiki cyhalofop-butyl a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta 100 g / l da penoxulam mai aiki mai aiki a cikin ƙwayar kwayoyin halitta na 13,33 g / l.
Lissafi da da'awar
Masu kera maganin ciyawa daga Rasha, Belarus da Kazakhstan sun bayyana shirinsu ta hanyar asarar tattalin arziki. Magungunan ciyawa masu rahusa na ƙasashen waje sun sa kayayyakin cikin gida sun rasa kason kasuwa a shekarar 2015, samarwa ya ragu, kamfanoni sun yi asarar riba kuma an tilasta musu yanke ayyukan yi a shukar su. Kuma a cikin 2016, an tilasta wa kamfanonin cikin gida rage farashin magunguna da kashi 12 cikin XNUMX don yin gogayya da maganin ciyawa mai rahusa na Turai.
Masu nema sun jawo hankali ga wani muhimmin yanayi: a farashi mai rahusa, abokan aikinsu na Turai-masu fafatawa sun sayar da magungunansu kawai a kasuwar EAEU. A cikin kasuwannin nasu, waɗannan magungunan ciyawa iri ɗaya sun fi tsada sau uku. Menene dalilin irin wannan karamcin da ba a taba gani ba ga masu noman Rasha?
Vladimir Alginin, darektan zartarwa na Tarayyar Rasha na masana'antun da tsire-tsire masu guba:
- Wani bincike mai zaman kansa wanda hukumar da ta dace (EEC) ta gudanar ya tabbatar da cewa saboda tsananin rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin masana'antar EAEU, an haifar da mummunar lalacewar abubuwa. Bambancin farashi a kasuwannin cikin gida na Turai da kasuwar EAEU ya kai 300%. Saboda irin wannan matsin lamba mai ƙarfi daga masu samar da Turai, an sami raguwar tsari a cikin rabon masu kera EAEU a fili amfani (da karuwa a cikin rabon masu samar da Turai), wanda ke da mummunar tasiri ga ayyukan tattalin arziki na masana'antu. ci gabanta.
Masu kera na Turai ba su yarda da sakamakon binciken gaba ɗaya ba, suna jayayya da matsayinsu ta hanyar rashin daidaito a cikin bayanan farashin, dalilin rage darajar ruble na Rasha, shigo da kayan ciyawa daga China da sauran dalilai. Anton Pushkarev, shugaban sadarwa a Syngenta LLC A cikin sharhinsa na jaridar "Kariyar Tsirrai" ya lura:
- Ba mu ga dalilin gabatar da wani aikin hana zubar da jini a kan magungunan ciyawa daga EU ba. Rahoton game da sakamakon binciken ya nuna a fili cewa a lokacin binciken (2013 - 2016) babu wani lalacewar kayan aiki ga masu samar da Rasha - JSC Shchelkovo Agrokhim da CJSC Firm "Agusta". A lokaci guda, ƙaddamar da aikin hana zubar da ruwa na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga gasa na masana'antar noma ta Rasha.
Duk da haka, an yanke shawarar. Babban tambaya shine me zai faru a gaba.
Komai zai faru a watan Agusta. Ko babu?
A cewar wani nau'i, wanda masana masana'antar kariyar shuka ke tattaunawa, ana iya jinkirta aiwatar da shawarar na wani lokaci. Wannan yana nuna a kaikaice matsayi na Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma ta Rasha, wanda ke yin sharhi da kuma taka tsantsan kan lamarin. A taron da aka yi a watan Yuni kan bullo da matakan hana zubar da jini da ake shigowa da su daga Tarayyar Turai zuwa yankin kwastam na Tarayyar Tattalin Arziki. Ministan Noma na Rasha Dmitry Patrushev ya bayyana:
- Kwanan nan, an sami buƙatu masu yawa daga ƙungiyoyin masana'antu da ƙungiyoyi a fannin noman amfanin gona na jinkirta ƙaddamar da wannan matakin. Don kauce wa yin kuskuren yanke shawara da mummunan sakamako, akwai buƙatar ƙarin shawarwari.
Babu shakka, ana ci gaba da tuntubar juna da tattaunawa, kuma har yanzu ba a tallata yawancinsu ba. Masana'antun Rasha sun yi imanin cewa babu wasu dalilai masu mahimmanci don jinkirta aiwatar da shawarar da Majalisar Eurasia ta yanke.
Vladimir Alginin, Babban Darakta na Tarayyar Rasha na Masana'antun Kare Shuka:
- Dangane da gaskiyar cewa an tabbatar da gaskiyar lalacewar masana'antar EAEU ta wata hukuma ta kasa da kasa - EEC, daukar matakin hana zubar da jini a cikin nau'in aikin zai zama gaskiya kuma ya zama doka. Duk damuwar masu noma a cikin ƙasashen EAEU game da hauhawar farashin maganin ciyawa da maye gurbinsu da shirye-shiryen da ake samarwa a cikin gida gaba ɗaya an kawar da su gaba ɗaya. Dangane da haka, babu wasu kwararan hujjoji da ke goyon bayan rashin daukar wannan matakin na shari'a. Za a yanke shawarar lokacin gabatar da ayyukan hana zubar da jini bayan taron koli na tattalin arzikin Eurasia.
Ba game da lokaci ba ne, game da sakamakon
A halin da ake ciki, masu goyon bayan da masu adawa da gabatar da ayyukan yaki da zubar da jini suna da yakinin cewa babban batun ba lokacin aiwatar da shawarar ba ne, illa sakamakonsa. Tuni dai wasu manyan masana'antun sarrafa ciyawa guda biyu suka dauki matakin kare kansu daga harajin kwastam. Syngenta da BASF sun yarda da son rai "alƙawuran farashin": sun yi alƙawarin shigo da fiye da ƙayyadaddun adadin maganin kuma su sayar da shi akan farashi mara ƙarancin ƙima.
Anton Pushkarev, shugaban sadarwa a Syngenta LLC:
- A yayin binciken hana zubar da ruwa, dangantaka ta gaskiya da aiki ta bunkasa tsakanin Syngenta da Hukumar Tattalin Arziki ta Eurasian. A sakamakon tattaunawar, Syngenta ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar farashi dangane da buƙatar tabbatar da samar da ingantaccen kayan ciyawa mai inganci daga EU zuwa masu amfani da EAEU, da kuma ba da garantin lokacin sauyi mai sauƙi a lokacin da wajibcin mu a fagen na gida. samarwa za a gane.
Ƙaddamar da farashin zai ba da damar Syngenta ta ci gaba da sayar da maganin ciyawa da aka samar a cikin EU a kan kasuwar EAEU a farashin da ba ya cutar da masana'antar samar da kasa da kuma ba tare da ayyukan hana zubar da ciki ba.
Karin farashin maganin ciyawa bayan bullo da ayyukan hana zubar da jini ya fi damun kasuwa. A bayyane yake cewa farashin magungunan da ake shigo da su daga masu ba da kayayyaki na Turai (sai dai Syngenta da BASF) za su ƙaru da aƙalla adadin ayyukan hana zubar da ruwa.
A nasu bangaren, manyan masana'antun Rasha, sun ba da shawarar cewa kasashe mambobin EAEU sun kulla yarjejeniyoyin hana karuwar farashin kayan ciyawa da bai dace ba. Irin wannan takarda an riga an sanya hannu tare da Jamhuriyar Belarus, kuma ana kammala yarjejeniya tare da wasu ƙasashe. Ana kuma tattauna ra'ayin sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin da kungiyoyin noma na Rasha kan kayyade jerin farashi na wadannan shekaru biyar da sauran matakan.
Duk da haka, masana kasuwa sun yi imanin cewa karuwar farashin maganin ciyawa zai ci gaba da faruwa saboda dalilan da masu samar da Rasha ba za su iya tasiri ba. Alal misali, saboda gaskiyar cewa kayan aiki masu aiki don samar da maganin ciyawa ana kawo su daga kasar Sin. A cikin watanni ukun farko na shekarar 2018 kadai, yawan kayayyakin da ake samarwa daga kasar Sin ya ragu da kashi 19%, kuma farashin ya karu da kashi 20%. Bugu da kari, amincewa da dokar kara harajin VAT da karuwar wasu kudade da kudaden fito zai shafi farashin maganin ciyawa da Rasha ke yi.
Kare da kare
A halin yanzu, ayyukan hana zubar da jini a kan maganin ciyawa, ko da a cikin takarda, sun riga sun shafi kasuwa. Kuma tabbas wannan tasirin yana da kyau. Masana'antun Turai sun haɓaka yunƙurin mayar da abubuwan da ake samarwa a cikin Rasha. Bari mu tuna cewa Bayer yana shirin samar da kashi 2020% na kayayyakin kariya na shuka da aka siyar a Rasha nan da shekarar 60 (a halin yanzu ana samar da kashi 30 cikin 2019 kawai); Syngenta zai gano kashi 80% na samar da herbicide a shekarar XNUMX; DuPont kuma yana tunanin sabbin masana'antu a Rasha kuma yana cikin inda suka tattauna wannan batu da ma'aikatar noma.
Da alama ayyukan hana zubar da ruwa sun riga sun yi aiki a cikin sha'awar masana'antar kariyar amfanin gona, suna haɓaka haɓakar samarwa a cikin Rasha. In ba haka ba, masana'antar kare tsire-tsire ta Rasha ba za ta sami makoma kawai ba. Masu samar da Turai ba koyaushe za su kasance da "nau'i" ga manoman Rasha ba. Ƙananan farashin su a yau fasaha ce ta gargajiya don cin nasara a kasuwannin waje, wanda aka kwatanta a cikin kowane littafin kasuwanci. Idan abin da ake samarwa a cikin gida ba zai iya jure wa yaƙin farashi ba kuma ya yi fatara, ana iya haɓaka farashin. Aƙalla zuwa matakin Turai, wato, sau uku. Ko fiye. Lokacin da kuke sarrafa kasuwa, zaku iya ƙididdige kowane farashi.
Wannan ne ya sa kasashe da dama ke kare kasuwanninsu ta hanyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da shigar da kudin fito. Kasancewar masu kera kayayyakin kare tsirrai na Rasha sun hada kai tare da kare muradunsu ta hanyar wayewa, misali ne mai kyau na daidaita filin wasa don yin gasa ta gaskiya.
Vladimir Alginin, darektan zartarwa na Tarayyar Rasha na masana'antun da tsire-tsire masu guba:
- A bangaren masu sana'ar noma, al'amuran kasuwanin ciyawa ba za su canja sosai ba. Za kuma a ba su cikakkiyar magungunan gida da na Turai. Saboda gaskiyar cewa rabon maganin herbicides a cikin farashin samfuran ƙarshe ba shi da mahimmanci, ba a sa ran haɓakar haɓakar farashin samfuran ba.
A bangaren masana'antun Turai, ana sa ran layin samfurin don maganin ciyawa zai kasance iri ɗaya, wanda ba zai iyakance zaɓin masu amfani da kyauta ba.
Ma'auni na hana zubar da ruwa ga kamfanonin Turai wani abin ƙarfafawa ne don haɓaka samar da maganin ciyawa a cikin masana'antun cikin gida ta hanyar ƙididdigewa da kuma ƙara ƙaddamar da samarwa a cikin Tarayyar Rasha.
A bangaren masana'antar cikin gida, matakin hana zubar da ciki zai samar da yanayin gasa a kasuwa, wanda hakan zai taimaka wajen fadada samar da kamfanonin EAEU, da samar da sabbin ayyukan yi, da karuwar kudaden haraji ga kasashen waje. kasafin kudi na matakai daban-daban.
Haɓaka gasaccen yanayin aiki don masana'antun Turai da Eurasian yana buɗe sabbin damar haɗin gwiwa. Alal misali, ƙara samar da herbicides a cikin gida Enterprises ta hanyar tolling, kara da kuma aiki localization na samar da shuka kariyar kayayyakin a cikin ƙasa na Rasha Federation, fasahar canja wurin da kuma samar da sabon kayayyakin ga aikin gona da masana'antu, hadin gwiwa kimiyya ci gaban da ayyuka. . Masu kera na Rasha na samfuran kariyar shuka suna shirye don tattauna hanyoyin da nau'ikan irin wannan haɗin gwiwa tare da duk kamfanoni masu sha'awar. Larisa Yuzhaninova.
source: https://www.agroxxi.ru