Ƙungiyar «Soyuzstarch» ya gabatar da sakamakon masana'antu don 2022. Masana'antar sarrafa hatsi na ci gaba da girma a hankali amma a hankali. A cikin 2022, samar da ingantattun sitaci da maltodextrin ya karu sosai - ana yin maye gurbin shigo da kayayyaki a cikin waɗannan nau'ikan samfuran. A cikin 2022, saboda karuwar farashin kayan aiki, rikice-rikice na hada-hadar kudi da tabarbarewar kayayyaki, duka fitarwa da shigo da kayayyaki da yawa daga masana'antar sarrafa hatsi ta ragu sosai. Hukumomin gwamnati sun kirkiro hanyoyi daban-daban don tallafawa masana'antu, matakan tallafi sun riga sun kasance kuma kamfanoni suna amfani da su.
Ƙungiyar Cigaban Kamfanonin sarrafa hatsi suna ba da haske da dama ga manyan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin masana'antar a cikin 2022. A bara, kamfanoni sun fuskanci sababbin ƙalubale: kafa sabbin hanyoyin samar da kayan aiki, abubuwan da aka gyara, enzymes da reagents. Har ila yau, kamfanoni a cikin masana'antu sun yi ƙoƙari su ƙara ƙarfin aiki, ƙara yawan kayan aiki, da kuma maye gurbin wasu nau'o'in shigo da kaya. Gabaɗaya, 2022 ya ƙare tare da ingantaccen kuzari ga masana'antar.
Masana'antar sarrafa hatsi mai zurfi ta Rasha tana aiwatar da kusan tan miliyan 2,5 na hatsi kuma tana samar da kusan tan miliyan 1 na samfuran da aka gama. Wannan masana'antu a Rasha har yanzu ya kasance alkuki, amma yana da kowane damar haɓakawa, ƙaddamar da sabbin masana'antu, layin samarwa da shigar da sabbin kasuwannin fitarwa. Ana ci gaba da haɓaka manyan ayyuka da yawa.
Masana'antar sarrafa hatsi mai zurfi tana goyan bayan jihar sosai. Misali, ana ba masu samar da sitaci rancen saka hannun jari a lokacin ƙirƙirar ko sabunta masana'antu da rancen da aka fi so don siyan albarkatun ƙasa don sarrafawa na gaba. Har ila yau, akwai ma'auni don mayar da farashin kayan aiki lokacin fitar da kayayyaki, mayar da farashi lokacin da kamfanoni ke shiga cikin abubuwan nunin da sauran matakan tallafi.
Sabbin tanade-tanade na Dokar Tarayya "Akan hatsi" sun fara aiki, bisa ga abin da FSIS "Grain" ya haɓaka. A cikin 2022, bayar da rahoto a cikin tsarin don masu sarrafawa na son rai ne, amma kusan dukkanin kamfanoni a cikin masana'antar sun fara aiki a cikin tsarin ganowa. Daga ranar 1 ga Maris, 2023, bayar da bayanai kan kayayyakin sarrafa hatsi ga tsarin ya zama wajibi.
Yin la'akari da matakan tallafi na jihohi, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan masana'antu sun nuna babban ci gaba a cikin adadin samfurori da aka samar (Table 1), sabili da haka akwai raguwa na yau da kullum na dogara ga shigo da samfurori da yawa tare da ƙarin darajar (Table 2). Table 3), fadada layin samfurin, da kuma damar shiga sabbin kasuwannin duniya (Table XNUMX).
Haɓakawa na masana'antar daga shekara zuwa shekara yana nuna jinkirin girma amma karko. A cewar Rosstat da Association kiyasi, a cikin 2022 mun ga mafi girma karuwa (39%) a samar da modified starches, wanda shi ne saboda bukatar maye gurbin shigo da analogues da kuma miƙa mulki na masu amfani zuwa cikin gida kayayyakin - a wannan shekara samar da daban-daban. nau'ikan gyaran abinci na sitaci sun kai ton 94.
Samar da amino acid lysine, wanda kamfanoni biyu ke samarwa a Rasha, ya karu da kashi 22% a cikin shekara. A cikin 2022, samar da L-lysine sulfate na cikin gida ya kai ton 142.
Sauran samfuran tushen sitaci sun nuna haɓakar 1% zuwa 10% (Table 1). Samar da dextrins ya ragu da 72%, amma wannan samfurin ya mamaye wani karamin sashi a cikin masana'antu.
Tebur 1 - Samar da kayan sitaci da sitaci, ton
2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | Ƙarfafa 2022 zuwa 2021, % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Taurari, sai dai gyara (na asali) | 294 654 | 324 914 | 354 032 | 374 812 | 6 |
Dextrins | 8 165 | 9 526 | 10 5324 | 2 939 | -72 |
Gyaran sitaci | 58 804 | 61 103 | 68 006 | 94 355 | 39 |
Glucose-fructose syrups | 152 504 | 200 625 | 260 002 | 278 190 | 7 |
Maltodextrin | 19 131 | 20 073 | 49 773 | 54 960 | 10 |
Sirop (glucose syrups) | 466 648 | 467 235 | 476 940 | 494 103 | 1 |
Lysine | 80 000 | 90 000 | 117 000 | 142 729 | 22 |
A cewar Hukumar Kwastam ta Tarayya, shigo da sitaci da sauran kayayyakin da ake shigowa da su ya ragu a bana a yawancin manyan kayayyaki. Banda lysine a cikin nau'i biyu (sulfate da monohydrochloride), wanda shigo da shi ya karu da 37%, wanda aka sauƙaƙe ta hanyar watsi da harajin kwastam (Table 2).
Mafi girma raguwa a cikin 2022 zuwa 2021 ya faru a cikin nau'in sitaci syrup (glucose syrups) - sau 109. Shigo da maltodextrin ya ragu da kashi 71%, shigo da dextrins ya ragu da kashi 59%, gyare-gyaren sitaci da 46%, sitaci na asali da aka shigo da shi da kashi 24% da glucose-fructose syrups da 4%, bi da bi, ƙasa.
Table 2 - Shigo da sitaci da sitaci kayayyakin, ton
2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | Ƙarfafa 2022 zuwa 2021, % | |
Taurari, sai dai gyara (na asali) | 22 363 | 24 574 | 40 225 | 32 341 | -24 |
Gyaran sitaci | 95 958 | 94 656 | 103 541 | 71 076 | -46 |
Glucose-fructose syrups | 422 | 257 | 5 467 | 5 261 | -4 |
Dextrins | 1 079 | 889 | 1 489 | 938 | -59 |
Maltodextrin | 14 625 | 10 038 | 5 740 | 3 359 | -71 |
Sirop (glucose syrups) | 4 082 | 794 | 8 320 | 76 | -10 847 |
Lysine | 60 834 | 53 352 | 43 130 | 68 783 | 37 |
Fitar da samfuran da aka kara masu daraja a cikin 2022 shima ya ragu sosai don manyan samfuran, saboda sake rarraba kasuwa da sauya buƙatu a kasuwannin cikin gida.
Ana lura da raguwa mafi girma a cikin fitarwa da kashi 542% a cikin fitar da lysine - 7 dubu a cikin 442. Hakan ya faru ne saboda haramcin fitar da lysine a wajen Rasha, wanda ya dade har zuwa karshen shekarar 2022.
A cikin wasu nau'ikan, raguwa mai girma a cikin 2022 idan aka kwatanta da 2021 ya faru a cikin syrups na glucose-fructose, wanda 273% ƙasa da haka an fitar dashi - ton 394. Akwai 226% kasa da sitaci syrup - 7 ton, 442% kasa modified starches, 61% kasa maltodextrin. Fitar da dextrins ya karu da 8% (Table 90).
Kasuwar fitar da kayayyaki don samar da kayayyaki ya bambanta sosai. A sa'i daya kuma, fitar da kayayyakin da aka sarrafa sosai yana kara mai da hankali kan kasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya, Afirka da Kudancin Amurka. Ana fitar da syrups na glucose a cikin ruwa zuwa Turkmenistan da Uzbekistan. Babban adadin syrups na glucose a cikin busassun nau'i ana fitar dashi zuwa Lebanon da Jordan. Kasuwannin tallace-tallace na Maltodextrin sun haɗa da fiye da ƙasashe 40, ciki har da Cote d'Ivoire, Afirka ta Kudu, UAE, Chile, Masar, Colombia, Ghana, Turkiyya, Jamhuriyar Dominican. Taurari cationic da aka gyara sun tafi Mongolia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, da Tajikistan. Ana fitar da sitaci da aka gyara, da ake amfani da su wajen kera kwali da kuma samar da mai, zuwa kasashen Iraqi, Jojiya, Uzbekistan, Turkiyya, Tajikistan, da Turkmenistan.
Tebur 3 - Fitar da kayan sitaci da sitaci, ton
2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | Ƙarfafa 2022 zuwa 2021, % | |
Taurari, sai dai gyara (na asali) | 29 279 | 26 257 | 48 814 | 38 366 | -27 |
Gyaran sitaci | 7 151 | 7 484 | 8 142 | 5 072 | -61 |
Glucose-fructose syrups | 852 | 334 | 1 470 | 394 | -273 |
Dextrins | 461 | 461 | 166 | 1 705 | 90 |
Maltodextrin | 981 | 1235 | 13 536 | 12 577 | -8 |
Sirop (glucose syrups) | 19 834 | 33 764 | 24 250 | 7 442 | -226 |
Lysine | 1 652 | 736 | 616 | 96 | -542 |
A yau, manyan nau'ikan albarkatun kasa don samar da sitacin hatsi a Rasha bisa ga al'ada sun kasance masara da alkama. Bugu da ƙari, ɓangaren sitaci na masara ya mamaye kaso mafi girma a cikin jimlar yawan amfani, duka cikin sharuddan jiki da kuɗi.
Yawan sitacin masara ya karu idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata, inda aka samar da tan 2022 a shekarar 316. Kayayyakin da aka shigo da su sun kai ton 599, sannan kuma kayayyakin da aka fitar sun kai tan 5. Ana ba da sitacin masara ga Colombia, Cote D'Ivoire, Ecuador da sauran ƙasashe (Hoto na 262).
Hoto na 1 - sitaci na masara, ton
Samar da sitacin dankalin turawa ya kasance a matakin guda - ton 11 a cikin 131 a kan ton 2022 a cikin 11. Shigo da sitacin dankalin turawa ya ragu kaɗan - wanda ya kai ton 483 a shekarar 2021 idan aka kwatanta da ton dubu 10500 a shekarar 2021. Fitar da kayayyaki ya ragu sosai - zuwa ton 4800 a kowace shekara (Hoto na 2020).
Hoto na 3 - Dankali sitaci, ton