Haɗin gwiwar masu aiwatar da aikin hatsi na ci gaba da yin sharhi kan aikin masana'antar don rabin farkon rabin 2023, gabatar da bayanai akan samarwa, masana'antu da shigo da kayayyaki daga masana'antar sarrafa hatsi. Shigo da fitar da kayayyakin sitaci na nuna koma baya, wanda ya biyo bayan sake fasalin masana'antar. Yanzu kamfanoni suna komawa zuwa wasu kasuwanni - Asiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya, da wasu ƙasashen Afirka.
Gabaɗaya bayanan samarwa
Rabin farko na 2023 ana iya siffanta shi da ɗan raguwar samar da wasu nau'ikan samfuran masana'antu. Rage yawan samar da sitaci na asali ya kai 6% - 191 a farkon rabin shekarar 589,8 idan aka kwatanta da ton 2023 a daidai lokacin bara. An samu raguwar samar da sitacin alkama da kashi 203%, wanda ya kai tan 375,8 idan aka kwatanta da ton 3 a shekarar 24. An sami raguwar samar da sitacin masara da kashi 821,7% - ton 25 a shekarar 475,3 sabanin tan 2022 a shekarar 6. Sitacin dankalin turawa kuma ya nuna raguwar 161% (a cikin sharuddan girma 080,2 tons). A shekara ta 2023, samar da sitacin dankalin turawa ya kai ton 170. Yawan adadin da ake samarwa a Rasha ya kasance mafi ƙanƙanta idan aka kwatanta da sauran sitaci.
Yawan samarwa ta hanyar kasuwanci
Koyaya, adadin samar da kamfanoni da yawa ya karu idan aka kwatanta da lokacin rahoton bara. Misali, an samar da sitacin masara da kashi 6% ta hanyar JSC Chaplyginsky Starch Plant (wanda aka samar da tan 15) da 098,0% fiye da JSC Khobotovsky Enterprise Starch Product (wanda ya samar da tan 6), LLC Newbio - ta 16% ƙari (ko 832,0). , Kabardinsky Starch Plant LLC - 10% ƙari (ko 23 ton).
Gabaɗaya raguwar fitarwa da shigo da kaya
Dangane da ayyukan fitar da kayayyaki, sun ragu sosai. Ana shigo da jimillar masara, alkama da sitaci dankalin turawa sun ragu da kashi 40%, sannan ana fitar da su da kashi 23%. Gabaɗaya, ana iya bayyana hakan ta hanyar korar masu shigo da kaya daga ’yan wasa na cikin gida da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki lokacin fitar da kayayyaki.
Kasuwar sitaci da aka gyara ya kasance kyakkyawa
A bangaren sitaci da aka gyara, an samu karuwar samar da kayayyaki da kashi 12%, wanda a zahiri ya kai ton 47. Haka kuma, shigo da kayayyakin da aka gyara ya karu da kashi 152,6%, adadin da ya kai ton 16, da fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje “ya fadi” da 34%, wanda ya kai ton 967,9 kawai.
Kasuwar har yanzu tana da kyau don saka hannun jari. "Wasu kamfanoni ba sa gina hanyoyin samarwa daga karce, suna ƙetare sarrafa hatsi zuwa sitaci, amma suna siyan sitaci na asali daga abokan aiki a cikin shagon kuma su gyara shi. Wannan shi ne, alal misali, abin da kamfanin Perm Khimprom LLC, wanda ya shiga Ƙungiyar a wannan shekara, ya yi, da kuma Albion LLC a yankin Ryazan. Don haka, zamu iya ɗauka cewa kasuwannin cikin gida don gyare-gyare sun fi girma kashi 20 bisa ɗari fiye da kididdigar hukuma ta nuna mana. Amma kar a manta cewa kasuwa ta rabu sosai", sharhi Oleg Radin, shugaban kungiyar.
A cikin nau'in samfuran sitaci mai sukari, an sami ɗan ƙara haɓakar sitaci (glucose syrups) da glucose-fructose syrups (GFS), wanda ya kai 3,0% da 1,0% kawai, bi da bi. A cikin rahoton na wannan shekara, an samar da tan 240 na syrups na glucose, adadin samar da GFS ya kai ton 863,7. Duk da haka, a cikin sashin glucose syrups, samar da su ya karu da kashi 142% (wanda ya samar da 438,8 tons). LLC "Newbio ya haɓaka samarwa har sau shida, yana samar da tan 35 a cikin watanni 23 na 921,0, don haka ya cika hannun jarin kamfanoni a Gundumar Tarayya ta Tsakiya waɗanda suka rage samarwa.
A cikin sashin GFS, babban girma (11%) an lura da shi ne kawai ta Cargill LLC, wanda ya samar da 62 ton na glucose-fructose syrups na nau'ikan zaki daban-daban. Wataƙila wannan na iya kasancewa saboda ficewar ’yan wasan duniya, masu kera abubuwan sha masu laushi, waɗanda suka fi son sukarin gwoza. "Mun ga cewa abubuwan da ake so suna canzawa a cikin ni'imar syrups azaman madadin sinadarai zuwa sukari mai ruwa. Koyaya, ga yawancin masu amfani, GFS har yanzu ya kasance samfurin “marasa dacewa”. Wani abin tabbatarwa shine farashin sukari", comments Oleg Radin.
Glucose syrups - girma a cikin bukatar fitarwa
Shigo da syrups a lokacin rahoton an rage kusan zuwa "sifili". Fitar da maganin glukos din ya karu da kashi 59%, wanda ya kai ton 4. Daga cikin manyan kasashen da ake shigo da su akwai Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, da Jamhuriyar Moldova.
Maltodextrin da aka samar ya kasance 15% kasa da daidai lokacin da aka yi a bara, wanda ya kai ton 24. Yana da ban sha'awa a lura cewa a cikin rabin shekara na yanzu, Rustark LLC ya karu da adadin samarwa zuwa 592 (10% more), kuma Newbio LLC ya rage. rabonsa na samarwa har zuwa ton 224 (ƙasa da 46%), yana canzawa zuwa syrups na glucose. A lokaci guda, rabin adadin samar da Rustark ya kasance da ingantaccen maltodextrin mai tsabta a ƙarƙashin alamar MultyDex.
Za'a iya siffanta lokacin yanzu ta hanyar raguwa a cikin shigo da kaya da fitar da maltodextrins. Na farko ya ragu da 9%, wanda ya kai ton 1, na biyu - da 809,3%, wanda ya kai ton 24. Daga cikin manyan kasashen da ake shigo da su akwai Turkiyya, Uzbekistan, Colombia, Isra'ila da Poland.
L-lysine sulfate ya samar da tan 61, wanda a zahiri ya yi daidai da ƙarar samarwa na shekarar da ta gabata. Bugu da kari, shigo da kaya ya ragu sosai (097,0% kasa da kasa), wanda ya kai ton 76. Kamfanoni a Rasha da Belarus kusan sun cika bukatunsu na gida na wannan amino acid.
Sunadaran shuka sune jagorar fitarwa
Samar da sunadaran shuka irin su alkama alkama da masara a farkon rabin shekarar 2023 ya kai tan 42 da tan 543,0, bi da bi.
Fitar da alkama na alkama (gluten) ya kasance mai girma a al'ada (67% na jimlar samarwa a Rasha) - ton 28 a wannan shekara, tunda kasuwar mabukaci ta gida ba ta ci gaba sosai ba. Babban rabon fitar da alkama ya fito ne daga ƙasashe irin su Norway, Amurka da Turkiyya. Hakanan zaka iya haskaka Brazil, Isra'ila da Jamhuriyar Koriya. Ana fitar da samfurin ne don samar da abinci don kifi da dabbobi masu samar da abinci.
Sashin gluten na masara ya bambanta. A cikin watanni shida na farkon shekarar 2023, an shigo da ton 6 (karin kashi 033,3 cikin dari) zuwa girman kasuwar cikin gida. Manyan kasashen da ke fitar da kayayyaki sun hada da China, Netherlands da Slovakia. Bangaren ya kasance wani ɓangare na dogaro da shigo da kayayyaki saboda gaskiyar cewa alkama na masara samfuri ne na sarrafa hatsi mai zurfi, wanda bai wuce 22% ba lokacin da sitaci da abubuwan da suka samo asali suka keɓe.
Abubuwan da aka ba da alƙawari don haɓakawa a cikin Rasha
Bugu da ƙari, har yanzu ba a samar da adadin samfuran hatsi da aka sarrafa sosai a Rasha ba. Sai dai a cewar bayanan kwastam, akwai bukatar su a kasuwannin cikin gida. Don haka, waɗannan sinadarai suna da yuwuwar sha'awa don gano abubuwan samarwa. Misali, kamar:
- Crystalline fructose (tsarkakakken sinadarai) - kusan tan 2023 an shigo da su a farkon rabin 3;
- Abubuwan da ke tattare da furotin (sunadaran kayan lambu a cikin abinci), sai dai masara da alkama, - kimanin tan 3 an shigo da su;
- Rarraba sunadaran (sunadaran kayan lambu don masana'antar abinci) - an shigo da ton 6;
- Organic acid (acetic, lactic, citric) a cikin duka 43 ton an shigo da su;
- Polylactide (marufi na biodegradable) - 165,4 tons shigo da;
- Shirye-shiryen enzyme (don amfani a masana'antar abinci, ciki har da hydrolysis na sitaci, samar da glucose syrups) - game da 6 ton.
«Akwai samfuran da yawa waɗanda kamfanonin Rasha ke samarwa, amma ƙarfinsu bai isa ya biya bukatun gida ba. Daga cikin abubuwan da ke da ban sha'awa na saka hannun jari yana da daraja a nuna: dextrose (glucose monohydrate) da sorbitol (mai zaki) - wanda aka samar a cikin Tarayyar Rasha ta hanyar kamfani ɗaya, duk da haka, shigo da, alal misali, sorbitol ya kai ton 3.", sharhi Oleg Radin, Shugaban Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru.