Ya ku Masu Karatu! A cikin wannan fitowar mun ba da ƙasa zuwa gonar iri "AgroAlliance-NN" (yankin Nizhny Novgorod), wanda ya ƙware a cikin samar da dankalin turawa (wanda aka zaɓa ta hanyar Europlant da HZPC Sadokas) na manyan haifuwa. Takaitaccen bayyani na mahimman matakai na noma ana kawo hankalin ku ta ƙwararren kamfanin Kirill Kraev.
Saukowa
Gidan gona ya ware kadada 108 na gonakin noman dankali. A wannan shekara, an fara dasa shuki ne a ranar 10 ga Mayu, wanda ya wuce bayan makonni biyu fiye da yadda aka tsara a baya. Yanayin ya tilasta mana dakatar da fara aiki: Afrilu a yankinmu ya zama sanyi da ruwan sama, sakamakon haka, ƙasa ba ta iya dumama matakan da ake buƙata na dogon lokaci, kuma filayen sun kasance cikin ruwa na dogon lokaci. lokaci.
An fara dasa shuki lokacin da zafin jiki na ƙasa ya kai 12-14 ° C, an dasa dankali zuwa zurfin cm 15. Yanayin zafin iska a lokacin aikin ya kai 12-13 ° C (kawai a ranar 20-21 ga Mayu ya fi sanyi). Ya kamata a lura cewa lokacin saukarwa, ana yin rikodin yanayin iska sau da yawa, amma an ketare hazo.
HADA SIFFOFIN
A lokacin da za mu canza zuwa gamuwar tudu, sanyi ya sake komawa yankin: yawan zafin jiki ya ragu zuwa 5-7 ° C, iska mai karfi tana kadawa, har ma dusar ƙanƙara tana fadowa a wurare. A cikin kwanaki masu zuwa, an fara ruwan sama a yankin, amma nau'in ƙasa da yanayin da ke cikin gonaki ya sa a iya kauce wa raguwa. An gudanar da ƙirƙirar ƙugiya cikin sharuddan aikin gona da ake buƙata.
MAGANIN GASKIYA
Bayan kammala aikin akan samuwar tudu, da sauri mun aiwatar da maganin dasa shuki tare da herbicides (Zenkor 0,6l / ha + Boxer 3l / ha). An gudanar da maganin a kan rigar ƙasa ko bayan ruwan sama, wanda ya kara yawan tasirin shirye-shiryen. An gudanar da aikin ne ta hanyar amfani da injin feshin Hardi wanda ke da tsarin Twin.
SIFFOFIN CIWON ISISI A FARKON CIYARWA.
BERNINA
Tsakanin tebur iri-iri. Tubers suna girma sosai daga lokacin da suka shiga ƙasa (stolons suna girma sama da mahaifiyar tuber, musamman a cikin busassun yanayin bazara), sabili da haka, lokacin dasa shuki, dole ne a sanya su a nesa na 14-15 cm daga juna. Mun fara shuka da wannan iri-iri a cikin 2018. Bayan kwanaki 25, mun lura da abokantaka kore harbe.
Madeira
Babban ingancin tsakiyar-farkon tebur iri-iri.
Harbe yana bayyana da sauri, tsire-tsire suna haɓaka sosai kuma suna "kama" tare da dankali da aka dasa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Zurfin saukowa - 12 cm.
A cikin kwanaki goma na farko na Yuni, dankali na wannan nau'in ya nuna sakamako mai kyau (ko da yake a cikin makonni na farko bayan dasa shuki, yawan ci gaban ya dan kadan ya hana ta rashin danshi, babu isasshen ruwan sama).
Colette
A sosai farkon tebur iri-iri. Idan kana son dankalin wannan nau'in ya yi girma da sauri, tubers dole ne a warmed kafin dasa. A cikin ƙasa, dankali ya kasance dormant na ɗan lokaci, amma sai suka tsiro sosai.
JAN SHARLETT
Wani nau'in tebur mai launin ja-peel na farko, daya daga cikin mafi mashahuri a Rasha.
Saboda yanayin sanyi a wannan kakar ya bunkasa a hankali fiye da yadda aka saba. Duk da haka, makonni biyu bayan dasa shuki, masanan gonaki sun lura da bayyanar babban adadin stolons akan tubers.
COLOMBA
Super farkon tebur iri-iri. An dasa shi a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ya fi dacewa (dasa shuki ya faɗi a lokacin mafi zafi), ya ba da harbe-harbe masu ban sha'awa, wanda ya zarce girma da harbe na Red Scarlett iri-iri da aka dasa a baya.
JAN SONYA
Wani nau'in tebur mai launin ja da wuri.
Dasa ya faru a lokacin sanyi karye, wanda slowing saukar da germination aiwatar da tubers. A sakamakon haka, an gudanar da samar da tudu a wannan yanki bayan kwana biyu fiye da ranar da aka tsara.
YARDA. TSAFTA PHYTO.
A tsakiyar watan Yuli, filayen dankalin turawa na gonar sun yi fure. Tun da farko, wasu sun gamsu da dankalin furanni na Red Scarlett iri-iri, wanda muka fara aiwatar da tsarin yarda (an yi aiki tare da kwararru na Cibiyar Noma ta Rasha).
Hakanan, tun daga wannan lokacin, an shirya tsabtace phyto-cleanings akan kowane iri. Ina so in jaddada cewa a wannan shekara mun dasa wani abu mai mahimmanci, akwai wasu tsire-tsire marasa lafiya, a gaba ɗaya, yawan tsire-tsire da aka cire don iri bai wuce 0,5 - 1%.
Ma'aikatan da suka sami horo na musamman a gonakin sun shiga aikin tsabtace phyto. Kwararru ne ke kula da ayyukansu tare da gogewar shekaru masu yawa a cikin noman dankali.
Dangane da tsarin kariyar dankalin turawa, an gudanar da jiyya tare da fungicides da kwari (a matsakaici, sau biyar a kowace kakar ga kowane iri-iri). Bugu da ƙari, bayan kowane magani tare da maganin kwari, mun shirya aikin sarrafa filayen tare da man ma'adinai - don kare tsire-tsire daga kwari.
Dukkanin nau'ikan mu an yi nasarar gwada su a cikin binciken iri, bi da bi, duk girman dankalin da aka shuka a gona ya sami matsayin kayan iri.
SHIRI DON TSAFTA
Ya kamata a lura da cewa sanyi farkon Yuni da in mun gwada da kananan adadin hazo a cikin m lokaci ya kai ga gaskiyar cewa kusan duk iri kafa kananan adadin tubers da shuka. Alal misali, bisa ga ƙididdigar tuberization, nau'in Kolomba na da matsakaici (8-10 inji mai kwakwalwa. Kowane daji), a wannan shekara ya kafa 5-6 tubers. Saboda haka, mun fuskanci aikin ba overgrowing da tubers sama da iri juzu'in. A kula da halin da ake ciki, mun za'ayi mako-mako digging a kan kowane iri domin sanin girman da tubers. A yayin binciken, an ƙaddara cewa dankalin yayi kama da kamanceceniya: guduwar a cikin ma'auni kaɗan ne.
Digging na ƙarshe ya faru ne a ranar 30 ga Yuli, ya nuna cewa kusan dukkanin tubers sun dace da girman juzu'in iri, bayan haka mun yanke shawarar cire saman.
Shekaru da yawa yanzu, muna yin amfani da desiccant ba a cikin fasfo ɗaya ba, amma a cikin biyu - don inganta bushes mai yawa.
A wannan shekara, mun fuskanci ƙananan matsaloli wajen cire saman daga Red Scarlett dankali: tsire-tsire sun kafa irin wannan sashi mai karfi wanda ba zai yiwu a bushe shi a cikin aikace-aikace guda biyu na desiccant ba, kuma dole ne mu yi amfani da saman.
An shirya fara ayyukan girbi a farkon watan Satumba. Bayan girbi, za a aika da samfurori na kowane iri-iri zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don gwada cututtukan cututtuka, amma za mu yi magana game da wannan dalla-dalla a cikin labarin na gaba.