Lokaci ya ƙare, mun hadu da sabon sa!
Za mu fara nazarin al'ada na al'amuran da ke cikin masana'antar dankalin turawa tare da taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen lokacin. Gabaɗaya, yana da wahala sosai, musamman ga ƙananan masu kera: farashin dankalin tebur ya fara tashi ne kawai a farkon Mayu.
Alexey Krasilnikov, Babban Daraktan kungiyar Dankali ta Rasha
ƘARSI
Farashin tallace-tallace don dankalin tebur ya kasance a cikin kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci tun daga ƙarshen hunturu. Don haka, a farkon Afrilu, farashin kilogram na dankali a matsakaici a Rasha bai wuce 9,1 rubles / kg ba (ban da VAT). A wasu yankuna da suka girbe girbi mai yawa a cikin fall (a cikin yankunan Bryansk, Voronezh, Tatarstan), an tilasta masu shuka dankalin turawa su sayar da abin da suka girma a 7-8 rubles / kg, da ƙananan batches a 5 rubles / kg. Farashin a tsakiyar bazara na 2019 ya yi ƙasa da na bara da kusan 40%.
Amma daga farkon kwanakin Mayu a yawancin yankuna mun rubuta karuwa mai girma: a cikin yankin Moscow (da kuma a cikin Belgorod, Penza, Vladimir, Volgograd, da dai sauransu) matsakaicin farashin a cikin kwanaki goma na farko na Mayu ya kasance a cikin 13. -14 rubles / kg, a wasu lokuta - 15 rubles / kg. Hasali ma, sana’ar ta kai matsayin shekarar da ta gabata.
Ya zuwa yanzu, halin da ake ciki ya kasance dan kadan ya fi muni fiye da Urals da Siberiya; a cikin yankunan Novosibirsk da Tyumen, ana sayar da dankali a matsakaicin 12 rubles / kg, amma a cikin wadannan yankuna akwai babban adadin dankalin dankalin turawa, wanda ya sa. matsin lamba a kasuwa.
A CIKIN SAURAN BUSHE
Tsawon lokaci na "babu farashi" don dankali ta halitta ya haifar da raguwa a cikin tallace-tallace. A cewar Rosstat, tun daga ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2019, ton dubu 757 na kayayyakin sun kasance a cikin ɗakunan ajiya na manyan gonaki (don kwatanta, kamar dai wannan kwanan wata a bara, ton dubu 685 sun kasance a cikin ɗakunan ajiya).
Ya kamata a lura cewa a shekara guda da ta gabata, mutane da yawa sun haɗu da babban rarar dankali a cikin ɗakunan ajiya na masu kera na Rasha tare da sayayya mai yawa na dankalin turawa daga ƙasashen waje, waɗanda manyan sarƙoƙi na siyarwa suka shirya. Mu tuna cewa a wancan lokacin an shigo da kayayyaki kusan tan rabin miliyan zuwa kasar Rasha, inda kayayyakin Masar suka kai fiye da tan dubu 360. Daga tsakiyar lokacin hunturu har zuwa kusan ƙarshen kakar wasa, masu sayar da kayayyaki sun ƙi sayen dankali daga masu samar da Rasha, wanda ya mamaye gonaki da yawa. A wannan shekara, kamar yadda aka zata a baya, an kauce wa wannan yanayin. Kaso mafi tsoka na dankalin turawa na Masar ya tafi kasashen Turai, wadanda suka rasa wani kaso mai tsoka na amfanin gonakinsu sakamakon fari. Daga Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu hada da, kawai 59 dubu ton na samfur aka shigo da zuwa Rasha, wanda shi ne sau da yawa kasa da shekara guda! Babu buƙatar jin tsoron karuwar kayayyaki a yau: farashin shigarwa na dankalin Masar a halin yanzu ya wuce 40 rubles / kg, wanda ya sa wannan samfurin ya zama mara gasa a kan shiryayye.
Bari mu kuma ja hankali ga gaskiyar cewa a wannan shekara an sami jinkiri mai yawa a cikin samar da dankalin turawa na farko daga Azerbaijan zuwa shagunan Rasha: manyan ayyukan fitar da kayayyaki sun kasance a cikin wannan ƙasa har zuwa 30 ga Afrilu, don haka hukumomi sun yi ƙoƙarin daidaita farashin. kasuwar cikin gida.
A nan gaba, alkuki na farkon dankali ya kamata a shagaltar da masu kera gida: bisa ga al'ada, dankalin Astrakhan ya fara sayar da shi a tsakiyar watan Yuni, amma la'akari da yanayin yanayi, watakila isar da sako zai fara tun da wuri fiye da yadda aka saba.
Af, idan kun yi imani da rahotannin kafofin watsa labaru, a wannan shekara an riga an fara sayar da nau'in dankalin turawa na farko daga masu aikin gona a yankunan kudancin Poland. Ko da la'akari da yanayin bazara mara kyau, girbi dankali a tsakiyar watan Mayu wani sakamako ne na musamman ga yankuna waɗanda ke da yanayin yanayi iri ɗaya ga yankinmu na Bryansk, alal misali. Amma farashin irin wannan samfurin ba ƙasa da ban mamaki ba - game da 2,3 Tarayyar Turai / kg.
CIGABA
Takaita sakamakon kakar wasanni, ba zan iya taimakawa ba sai dai lura da wata muhimmiyar hujja mai mahimmanci ga ci gaban masana'antu: a cewar Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma ta Tarayyar Rasha, an ba da izinin ton miliyan 2018 na sabbin tankunan ajiya a cikin 1,5. Wannan rikodin ne; don kwatanta, bari mu tuna cewa a cikin 2016, an ƙaddamar da sabbin wuraren ajiya guda 23 tare da jimlar 258,3 dubu ton, a cikin 2017 - yayin dakatar da shirin jihar don biyan CAPEX - wani sau biyu ƙasa.
Gabaɗaya, ba shakka, dole ne a gane cewa manufar Ma'aikatar da ke da nufin haɓaka yawan ɗakunan ajiya mai inganci a cikin ƙasa ya haifar da sakamako mai ban sha'awa.
Amma bari mu koma kan babban jigon sabuwar kakar.
Saukowa
A cewar hasashen ma'aikatar noma ta Tarayyar Rasha, a bana za a ware hekta dubu 303 ga dankali a bangaren masana'antu na kasar. Don haka, bisa kididdigar farko, yankin shuka zai karu (idan aka kwatanta da bara) da hekta dubu 15. Wannan adadi ya haifar da wasu shakku, kodayake wasu yankuna na Rasha a zahiri sun sanar da rabon ƙarin ƙasa don wannan amfanin gona.
Da farko, muna magana ne game da Jamhuriyar Crimea (a cikin fall, Crimeans da za'ayi girbi daga 900 kadada, a wannan shekara dasa da aka za'ayi a kan 2500 kadada). Idan aka yi la'akari da babban buƙatu da farashi mai kyau na samfurin a yankin tekun, wannan shawara ce da aka yi tunani sosai.
A cewar hasashen, yankin noman dankalin turawa a Arewacin Ossetia zai karu da kadada 1900; Filayen dankalin turawa a yankin Tula zai fadada da hekta 1000, kuma yankin Astrakhan zai kara adadin. Za a raba yankunan dankalin turawa zuwa hectare 800 a cikin yankin Stavropol, da kadada 700 a yankin Krasnodar.
Amma akwai yankunan da yankin karkashin dankali zai ragu, ciki har da: Perm Territory (-1300 hectares), Ryazan yankin (-1000 hectares), Lipetsk yankin (-380 hectares), Tambov yankin (-290 hectares).
Koyaya, yakamata a jinkirta ƙidayar ƙarshe har sai an kammala aikin shuka. Yanzu suna ci gaba a cikin taki mai aiki, yanayin yanayi a cikin manyan yankuna masu albarkatu suna da kyau sosai: akwai isasshen zafi da danshi. A cikin yankuna da yawa (alal misali, a tsakiyar tsakiyar Volga), ana lura da yanayin zafi sosai, amma wannan bai kamata ya shafi ci gaban tsire-tsire ba.
Tun daga ranar 16 ga Mayu, bisa ga Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma ta Tarayyar Rasha, an shuka dankali a cikin masana'antar noma da gonakin manoma (gona) a wani yanki na kadada dubu 154 ko 47,9% na yankin hasashen (a cikin 2018 - 134,6 dubu) kadada).
Me muke shukawa?
Ana iya lura cewa gonakin Rasha har yanzu sun fi son yin aiki tare da nasarorin zaɓi na ƙasashen waje. A cewar Rosselkhozcenter, manyan nau'ikan guda ashirin da suka fi shahara a wannan kakar sun haɗa da na gida biyu ne kawai (Nevsky da Udacha), waɗanda ke da kashi 11% na kayan shuka da aka tabbatar. Wani 3-4% yana ƙara zuwa wannan lambar ta nau'in Rashanci, kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin aikin, amma ba a haɗa shi cikin babban jerin ba. Wato, gabaɗaya, rabon nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri ba su wuce 15% ba.
A lokaci guda, babban ɓangaren kayan iri na zaɓi na waje shine asalin Rasha. Shigo da iri daga kasashen waje yana raguwa. Musamman ma, a wannan shekara kasarmu ta sayi dankalin iri ba fiye da ton dubu 10 ba; watakila, bayan da aka taƙaita sakamakon, wannan adadi zai zama ƙasa da ƙasa, tun da masu samar da Turai ba su iya biyan buƙatun Rasha da yawa ba saboda ƙarancin abinci. kayayyakin da fari na bara ya haddasa.
MATSALOLIN ZAMANI
Sabuwar kakar noma ta fara kamar yadda aka saba tare da karuwar farashin "kayan amfani". Musamman, kamar yadda aka sa ran, farashin dankalin iri daga yawan masu samar da kasashen waje ya karu (ta hanyar 15-25%) (mun rubuta akai-akai game da dalilai a cikin batutuwan da suka gabata na mujallar). Wasu kamfanonin iri na cikin gida ma sun kara farashin kayayyakin amfanin gona, inda suka tabbatar da karin farashin man fetur da man shafawa.
Dangane da haka, wasu kamfanonin noma (musamman waɗanda ba su iya siyar da adadi mai yawa na girbin bara) sun yi amfani da dankalin turawa don shuka.
Da yake magana game da iri, ba za a yi kasa a gwiwa ba wajen ambaton matsalolin da masu noma a wasu yankuna suka fuskanta a sabuwar kakar lokacin da suke kokarin samun tallafi don tallafin da ba ya da alaka. Gaskiyar ita ce, a wannan shekara kamfanoni masu amfani da iri na amfanin gona don shuka, iri ko nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'in)) wanda ke iya dogara da taimako daga jihar.
Bari in ce nan da nan cewa wannan bidi'a yana da wata ma'ana: daga ra'ayin hukumomi, bai dace a kashe kudaden masu biyan haraji kan noman irin da ba su tabbatar da kansu a wani yanki ba. A gefe guda, dole ne a gane cewa lokacin da ake gudanar da gwaje-gwaje iri-iri na jihohi, ba a amfani da fasahohi masu tasowa sau da yawa (ba a amfani da takin ma'adinai, ba a amfani da kayan kariya na shuka, ba a samar da kayan aikin ban ruwa). Ko da yake wasu nau'ikan zamani suna nuna sakamako mai kyau kawai idan ana bin wasu fasahohi sosai.
Kwararru daga kungiyar dankalin turawa sun yi ta tattaunawa akai-akai game da wannan bangare na matsalar tare da wakilan Ma'aikatar Noma ta Tarayyar Rasha. A halin yanzu, an cimma yarjejeniya cewa masu noma da ke ganin babban irin nau’in iri, idan ana so, za su iya shirya sake gwada shi. Don yin wannan, ya zama dole Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma ta sassan ta gabatar da aikace-aikacen da ya dace (goyan bayan shawarwarin masu sana'ar noma) ga Hukumar Noma ta Jiha. Amma abokin ciniki zai ɗauki duk farashin gwaji ta amfani da fasahar zamani.
Nan gaba kadan, za a gabatar da wannan shawarar a cikin tsarin gudanarwa.