JSC Firm "Agusta", mafi girma a cikin gida na masana'antun kariya na tsire-tsire, kowace shekara yana ƙara yawan zubar da kwantena don maganin kashe kwari: a cikin 2019, kamfanin ya tattara da sarrafa fiye da tan 363 na gwangwani da manoma ke amfani da su, kuma a ƙarshen 2020. - fiye da 379 tons ... Gabaɗaya, adadin fakitin da aka sake yin fa'ida yana haɓaka kowace shekara: alal misali, Ecopole, kamfani na Rasha wanda ke tsara tarin da zubar da kwantena daga magungunan kariyar shuka, a cikin 2021 ya faɗaɗa yanayin kasancewarsa kuma ya fara aiki a gundumar Ural. A nan gaba, ana shirin shiga yankunan Siberiya da Gabas mai Nisa.
Gundumar Tarayya ta Tsakiya da Kudancin Tarayya ta zama gundumomi na farko na Rasha, inda aka kafa tattarawa da zubar da kwantena don maganin kashe kwari daga "Augusta" da sauran masana'antun sinadarai na kariyar shuka (CPPP), sannan an kafa gundumar Tarayyar Caucasian ta Arewa da An rufe gundumar Tarayyar Volga. Ya ɗauki ƙoƙarin duk manyan ƴan kasuwa a masana'antar don ƙirƙirar tsarin aiki don sarrafa irin wannan sharar. Suna da zaɓi: kawai su biya kuɗin muhalli, wanda shine abin da ya wajaba kamfanoni su yi, wanda samfuran, bayan sun rasa kadarorin su, za a sake sarrafa su, ko kuma su karɓi sarrafa su.
"Kamfaninmu na ɗaya daga cikin masu ƙaddamar da ƙaddamar da sake yin amfani da kwantena na maganin kashe kwari," in ji Vladimir Alginin, Mataimakin Babban Daraktan Kamfanin "Agusta" JSC da Babban Daraktan Kungiyar Tarayyar Rasha na Masu Samar da Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Tsirrai. - Bugu da ƙari, mun fara aiki a cikin wannan shugabanci a cikin 2012, lokacin da wajibcin masana'antun da masu shigo da kaya don aiwatar da marufi daga samfuran da suke sayar da su ba a riga an kafa su ba a cikin dokar tarayya "On Production and Consumption Wastes". A shirin da aka tattauna a taron na Rasha Union of CPSP Producers, mu aka goyan bayan duka biyu cikin gida da kuma Turai kamfanonin da cewa aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na Ƙungiyar na Turai Kasuwancin (AEB). "
Gwajin ya dauki tsawon shekaru biyu. Ya faru ne a cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Black Earth Region, yana farawa da ton 100-200 na kwantena a kowace shekara don masana'antar gaba ɗaya. Kamfanin, wanda shine na farko da ya fara amfani da gwangwani na kashe kwari, yana cikin yankin Voronezh. An gane gwanintar a matsayin nasara, kuma a sakamakon haka, Tarayyar Rasha na CPPP Producers da AEB sun kafa kamfanin Ecopole, wanda ke da hannu a tsakiya wajen tsara tattarawa da sake yin amfani da marufi da aka yi amfani da su.
"A halin yanzu, muna aiki a cikin tsarin dokokin na yanzu, tare da tabbatar da zubar da kwantena daga ƙarƙashin samfuranmu," in ji Vladimir Alginin.
Adadin kwantena da aka tattara da zubar da su a cikin lokacin daga 2017 zuwa 2020 don JSC Firm "Agusta" | |
2017 | 175 000 kg |
2018 | 292 976 kg |
2019 | 363 kilogiram |
2020 | 378 735 kg |
Kwantena da ba a sake yin amfani da su ba na iya cutar da muhalli a ciki da kanta, tun da ba sa lalacewa a cikin yanayin yanayi, da kuma saboda ragowar magungunan kashe qwari da ke cikinsa. Kamar yadda Vladimir Alginin ya lura, gwangwani sun kasance wani abu ne wanda ba za a iya maye gurbinsu ba a cikin gida, sun adana mai, man fetur da sauransu. Tare da fadada amfani da CPPP a cikin kamfanonin noma, da yawa irin waɗannan kwantena sun taru cikin sauri, gwangwani sun fara taruwa a cikin gareji, kuma manoma da yawa sun fara ƙone su kawai a cikin dazuzzuka da ke makwabtaka da su, wanda kuma ya cutar da muhalli. An haramta binne kwantena na kashe kwari a yau. Sai dai gwangwanin da ya rage a gidan, ko da an wanke shi sosai, yana yin barazana ga wanda bai san abin da ke cikinta a da ba kuma yana iya amfani da shi, misali, wajen adana ruwan sha. A ƙarshe, masu yin jabun za su iya amfani da marufi na asali daga CPPD don kera magungunan jabu.
A yau, manyan masu kera magungunan kashe qwari suna tsarawa kuma suna biyan kuɗi don zubar da kwantena da kansu - daidai da ƙa'idar da jihar ta kafa, adadin adadin marufi na duk samfuran da aka sayar a kasuwa yakamata a sake yin fa'ida a wannan shekara. Ya kamata a lura cewa a cikin dukkanin shekaru hudu tun lokacin da aka fara aiki da wannan hanya don tsara tsarin sarrafa sharar gida, ainihin adadin zubar da ciki ya fi yadda aka tsara. Ana ƙididdige adadin kuɗin sarrafawa ta kowane takamaiman masana'anta dangane da rabon kasuwar sa. Ga manoma, sarrafa kwantena gaba ɗaya kyauta ne - kawai kuna buƙatar mika gwangwani.
Ya kamata a lura da cewa an biya mafi girma a farkon aikin: da farko, an saita farashi mai girma a kowace naúrar nauyin marufi da aka sake yin fa'ida ga masu samar da CPPPs, tun da ma'aikaci ya kafa sarƙoƙin fasaha na ciki kuma ya sayi abin da ya dace. kayan aiki. A halin yanzu, juzu'in sake yin amfani da su yana ƙaruwa, yayin da farashin kowane kilogram ke faɗuwa, saboda na'urar tana biyan wani ɓangare na farashinsa ta hanyar siyar da kayan da za a iya sake amfani da su. Ana murƙushe gwangwani da granulated. Sakamakon granulate ana sayar da shi azaman kayan kera madaidaicin titi, bututu daban-daban, gami da magudanar ruwa da bututun rufi, geonets, ragamar lambu, wasu nau'ikan samfuran al'ada da sauran nau'ikan kayayyaki waɗanda ba sa haɗuwa da ruwan sha da abinci. .
"Biyan kuɗin muhalli daidai da dokokin sharar gida na Rasha zai kasance mai rahusa fiye da ƙirƙirar tsarin sake amfani da ku," in ji Vladimir Alginin. “Amma wannan shi ne shawarar da muka yi da gangan. Ya zuwa yanzu, kasar ba ta da wani shiri na samar da ababen more rayuwa don tarawa da sarrafa kwantena don maganin kashe kwari, kuma yin amfani da wanda aka kirkira don gurbatar gidaje na jama'a ba shi da amfani - duk saboda yawan gwangwani da kuma saboda daga cikin kaddarorin masu haɗari na CPSP".
"A halin yanzu muna haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanoni uku abokan tarayya waɗanda ke da hannu wajen fitar da kwantena daga kamfanonin noma: waɗannan sune Graphite, Medprom da Investagroprom-Yug. Kamfanoni biyu na farko kuma suna da nasu wuraren sarrafa gwangwani, yayin da Investagroprom-Yug ke amfani da kamfanoni na ɓangare na uku a Maloyaroslavets da Novomoskovsk don sake amfani da su,” in ji Alexander Efimkin, darektan Ecopole. - Gabaɗaya, ba abu ne mai sauƙi a sami ƴan kwangila ba, bunƙasa harkar sake sarrafa sharar ta sha bamban sosai daga yanki zuwa yanki, don haka har yanzu muna sake sarrafa kwantena da aka tattara a gundumomi 4 na tarayya a waɗannan kamfanoni. Har ila yau, ba kowane kamfanin sufuri ba ne zai iya tattara marufi da aka yi amfani da su, amma kawai waɗanda suka sami lasisin jigilar kayayyaki musamman masu haɗari. "
Alexander Efimkin ya lura cewa kafin a mika wa masu karba, dole ne a wanke kowace gwangwani sosai sannan a huda kasa ta yadda ba za a yi sha’awar masu karya ba.
A cikin 2021, a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun rufe duk yankuna na noma na Rasha tare da tsarin sake yin amfani da kwantena daga tsarin kariyar shukar sinadarai, za a fara tattara gwangwani a cikin Tarayyar Tarayya ta Urals. A lokaci guda, wurin da za a adana kwantena yana cikin yankin Orenburg (Volga Federal District), kuma za a cire gwangwani daga yankunan Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan da Tyumen. A cikin 2020, bisa sakamakon aiki a gundumomi 4 na tarayya, an aika jimillar tan 1800 na gwangwani don zubar. Dangane da ƙididdigewa na farko, a cikin kuɗin Tarayyar Tarayya na Ural, yawan aiki ya kamata ya wuce ton 2000 a kowace shekara.
“A nan gaba, an kuma shirya fara aiki a Siberiya da Gabas Mai Nisa. A cikin 2021, za mu fara haɓaka tsarin shiga waɗannan yankuna, ”in ji Vladimir Alginin.