A cewar Rosstat, matsakaita na Rasha na cinye daga 43,8 zuwa 64,4 kilogiram na dankali a kowace shekara, bugu da ƙari, dankalin abinci ne mai mahimmancin abinci da amfanin gona na masana'antu. A cikin Tarayyar Rasha, an girma a kan wani yanki na 1188 dubu hectares, fiye da 50% na abin da aka mayar da hankali a cikin Central da Volga Tarayya gundumomi. Godiya ga ci gaban fasaha, ingantaccen aikin noman amfanin gona yana girma kowace shekara. Ɗaya daga cikin sassan nasara, tabbatar da yawan aiki da ingancin dankali, shine ingantaccen tsarin gina jiki na ma'adinai.
Don samun amfanin gona na dankalin turawa na 50 t / ha, wajibi ne a ƙara akalla 175 kilogiram na nitrogen, 70 kilogiram na phosphorus da 300 kg na potassium, 100 kilogiram na calcium, 45 kg na magnesium da 15 kg na sulfur, kazalika. a matsayin adadin abubuwan ganowa. Yawancin gonaki yanzu suna niyya 60-70 t / ha, sabili da haka, adadin diyya na takin ma'adinai yakamata ya zama mafi girma.
Dankali mai son dankali ne, amfanin gona na chlorophobic waɗanda suka fi son ƙasa mai yashi acidic. Nitrogen yana da alhakin haɓakar ganye mai ƙarfi da lafiya, wanda ke ciyar da tubers, kuma dankali yana cinyewa a duk lokacin girma. Phosphorus wajibi ne don farkon ci gaban tushen da harbe, yana tabbatar da samuwar matsakaicin adadin tubers, kuma yana rinjayar girman su. Potassium a mataki na karshe na kakar girma yana inganta fitar da abubuwan gina jiki daga sama zuwa tubers, yana ƙayyade darajar sinadirai da dandano na dankalin turawa.
A lokacin girma, dankali yana sha na gina jiki mara daidaituwa. Mafi tsananin lokacin yana faruwa a lokacin ƙaddamar da tubers kuma yana ci gaba har sai sun cika cikakke. A wannan lokacin, tsire-tsire sun fi kula da rashin daidaituwa na abubuwan gina jiki kuma suna ba da amsa sosai ga ƙarin ciyarwar foliar.
Alamar dankalin turawa Avrora™ 14-14-23
Akwai samfura da yawa a cikin fayil ɗin EuroChem, wanda amfani da su akan dankali yana nuna matsakaicin inganci. Da farko, wannan shine alamar Avrora nitroammophoska 14-14-23.
Avrora ™ 14-14-23 ya ƙunshi 50/50 nitrate da ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus a cikin sauƙi mai narkewar ruwa, babu sodium. Bugu da ƙari, saboda yanayin halitta na albarkatun kasa, taki ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu mahimmanci kamar sulfur (1,7%), calcium (0,2-0,5%) da magnesium (0,9%). Avrora ™ 14-14-23 ya ƙunshi mafi ƙarancin adadin chlorine, saboda wannan, ana iya amfani da taki a cikin bazara kafin dasa shuki ko lokacin dasa dankali (saɓanin potassium chloride). Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da shi kawai a cikin kaka, don haka a lokacin dasa shuki, ions chlorine suna da lokacin wankewa daga ƙasa, tunda sun jinkirta ci gaba da maturation na tubers.
Adadin aikace-aikacen da aka ba da shawarar na 14-14-23 shine 400-1000 kg / ha (idan ba a yi amfani da KCl ba tun lokacin kaka), wanda za'a iya raba shi zuwa riguna biyu: pre-sowing da pre-sowing a cikin wani rabo na 3: 1 . Idan an gabatar da KCl don noma, to, adadin zai zama 200-300 kg / ha.
Calcium nitrate maimakon ammonium nitrate
Duk da cewa dankalin gonaki ne da ke jure wa matsakaicin acidity na ƙasa, suna cinye calcium mai yawa. Bugu da ƙari, mafi kyawun martani na yanayin ƙasa (pHruwa 6,2-7,0) garanti ne na wadatar abubuwan gina jiki don tsire-tsire, don haka, samun yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Tunda manyan yankunan dankalin turawa da kansu suna da ƙasa mai acidic, tsarin amfani da ammonium nitrate zai ƙara rage pH, a ƙarshe yana haifar da lalata ƙasa da asarar haihuwa. Madadin ita ce takin nitrogen-limestone mai tsaka-tsaki (NLF) daga EuroChem. UAI ba ya acidify ƙasa, yana haɓaka kaddarorinsa na zahiri, yana ba da shuke-shuke da isasshen nitrogen kuma yana ba da alli da magnesium.
Wannan taki, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, yana da tasirin sakin nitrogen na tsawon lokaci saboda bangaren sha - dolomite. Ana amfani da shi a sama, ba tare da sakawa ba a kashi 300-350 kg / ha, wanda aka ba da shawarar a raba shi zuwa 2 riguna - na farko bayan samuwar ganye na uku, na biyu bayan kwanaki 15-20.
Aikin takarda
Ciyarwar ganye wani muhimmin sashi ne na tsarin noman dankalin turawa. Tare da taimakonsa, yana yiwuwa a motsa al'adu a wasu matakai na ci gaba, da sauri gyara rashi na kowane nau'i, da kuma ƙara juriya na tsire-tsire zuwa abubuwan muhalli mara kyau. Hadadden takin mai narkewa da ruwa na layin Aqualis yana zama kayan aiki don wannan.© daga EuroChem. Saboda 100% solubility da bioavailability, rashin sodium, chlorine da abubuwan ballast a cikin abun da ke ciki, waɗannan samfurori sun dace don ciyar da foliar. Aqualis line© - Waɗannan su ne nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan NPK, S da Mg daban-daban, ana wadatar da su da microelements a cikin nau'i mai ƙima: Fe, B, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo. Akwai farawa, ma'auni da alamomi na ƙarshe, don kowane mataki na ci gaba - tsarinsa na musamman. Ingancin cikakken tsarin ciyarwar Aqualis© an tabbatar da shi sau da yawa a cikin gwaje-gwajen filin akan nau'in dankali daban-daban.
Dubawa a cikin filin
A cikin yankin Oryol, a kan ƙasa mai acidic mai ƙarfi, maye gurbin 10-26-26 (400 kg / ha) da ammonium nitrate (300 kg / ha) tare da digiri 14-14-23 Avrora.™ (500 kg / ha) da AIM (370 kg / ha) sun kawo ƙarin 11,4 t / ha zuwa yawan amfanin ƙasa. A lokaci guda, girman lalacewar tsire-tsire ta hanyar alternaria ya ragu da 2,9%, ta ƙarshen blight - ta 10,1%, abun ciki na nitrates a cikin tubers ya ragu daga 120 zuwa 91 mg / kg. Wani tasiri na daban daga gabatarwar tsaka-tsakin AAI mai tsaka-tsaki an kiyasta a 8,1 t / ha na karuwa dangane da ammonium nitrate a cikin sashi iri ɗaya bisa ga a.i. (duba Chart 1).
AO Severka, yankin Moscow, kuma ya gwada maye gurbin sa 10-26-26 (600 kg / ha) tare da Avrora.™ 14-14-23 (650 kg / ha) da ammonium nitrate (300 kg / ha) a AIM (370 kg / ha). An ƙara tsarin da Aqualis foliar dressing©: 18-18-18 (3 kg / ha) don harbe 5-15 cm, 18-18-18 (3 kg / ha) don saman 15-30 cm, 13-40-13 (3 kg / ha) a cikin lokaci budding, 6-14-35 (4 kg / ha) 3-4 makonni kafin girbi.
Sakamakon shine karuwar yawan amfanin ƙasa ta 9,8 t / ha kuma fiye da 91 dubu rubles / ha na ƙarin riba (duba zane na 2).
A cikin LLC SK im. Kalinin "na Krasnodar Territory ya gwada irin wannan makirci na foliar takin Aqualis.©: 18-18-18 a saman 10-15 cm, 13-40-13 a cikin budding lokaci, 3-11-38 3 makonni kafin girbi. An yi amfani da takin mai magani a kashi 3 kg / ha tare da kayan kariya na shuka. A gona, an yi amfani da takin ƙasa ne kawai. Sakamakon karuwar yawan amfanin ƙasa daga tsarin EuroChem ya kai 3,3 t / ha, ribar ribar da ta dace - 61 dubu rubles / ha. (duba Chart 3).
Har yanzu kuna da tambayoyi? Kwararrun EuroChem za su yi farin cikin taimaka muku fahimtar nuances na ma'adinan abinci mai gina jiki na dankali, zaɓi takin mai magani da tsare-tsare don amfani da su waɗanda suka dace da yanayin gonar ku.
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