Dumamar yanayi na haifar da salinization na kasa a yankunan bakin teku, wanda ke zama babbar matsala ga filayen dankalin turawa, a cewar tashar talabijin ta Swiss SRF. Don warware shi, masana kimiyya a Cibiyar Dankali ta Duniya a Peru suna haɓaka sabbin nau'ikan nau'ikan juriya, suna mai da hankali kan adana ɗanɗanon samfurin da yuwuwar samun albarkatu masu yawa.
Cibiyar dankalin turawa ta kasa da kasa tana ba da dukiya ta gaske, bisa ga gidan yanar gizon tashar talabijin ta SRF na Swiss. A can za ku iya ganin kwanduna da manya da ƙanana, zagaye da dankalin turawa. A cikin wadannan arziƙin akwai kuma dankalin turawa ko ja.
Masanin kimiyyar halitta Stef de Haan ya yi farin cikin nuna waɗannan taska. “Yankin Andean ya samar da nau’in dankalin turawa sama da 4000. Muna noman wasunsu duk shekara,” in ji masanin. Wasu ana adana su azaman tubers, wasu kuma ana adana su a ƙarƙashin gilashin kariya mai kauri azaman tsire-tsire masu laushi ko azaman kwayoyin halitta a 200 ° C ƙasa da daskarewa.
Waɗannan dukiyoyi suna da kariya sosai. Idan aka yi girgizar kasa mai karfi a kasar Peru, ana kuma adana samfuran dukkan nau'in dankalin turawa a Brazil da Norway, masanin kimiyyar ya bayyana. Cibiyar dankalin turawa, tare da masu bincike 185, ta kasance a Peru, amma de Haan da abokan aikinsa ba su yi watsi da duk Latin Amurka, Afirka da Asiya ba.
Kwanan nan sun sami bukatar taimako daga Bangladesh. Wannan yana nufin salinization na ƙasa a cikin magudanar ruwa na kogin delta inda ake shuka dankali. Sakamakon sauyin yanayi da yanayin zafi, matakan teku na karuwa. A sakamakon haka, ruwan gishiri yana shiga cikin filayen dankalin turawa.
"A yankunan bakin teku, wannan matsala ta zama ruwan dare," in ji de Haan. Masu binciken suna fuskantar wani aiki mai wuyar gaske - don fitar da nau'in dankalin turawa wanda yawanci zai yi tushe a cikin ƙasa saline, amma a lokaci guda zai kasance mai daɗi kuma yana kawo yawan amfanin ƙasa.
De Haan yana da gaba gaɗi: "A cibiyar dankalin turawa muna da babbar taska ta kwayoyin halitta, fiye da isassun iri na asali da kuma ilimin da ake yaɗawa da baki a tsakanin ƙananan manoma na gida." A halin yanzu, lokaci yana kurewa. "Har sai sabon nau'in da ya dace da yanayin samar da kayayyaki na gida, yakan ɗauki tsawon shekaru goma," in ji ƙwararren.
Haɗari ga dankali sun haɗa da yanayin zafi mai tsayi, sabbin kwari da haɓaka yanayin rashin tabbas (yana ƙara zama da wuya a tantance idan za a yi ruwan sama, lokacin da nawa). A lokaci guda, sauye-sauyen yanayi mai tsanani zai faru a lokacin noman dankalin turawa, mai binciken ya yi imani.
“Samar da dankali zai matsa kusa da sandunan saboda ya fi sanyi a can. Inda akwai tsaunuka, za a karye filaye a tsayin daka fiye da da, ”de Haan ya tabbata. An dade ana yin wannan a Peru. Manoma suna noman dankalin turawa har zuwa mita 4400 sama da matakin teku, wanda ya kai mita 300 sama da shekaru 40 da suka gabata.
Koyaya, ci gaba zuwa sama yana yiwuwa ne kawai akan sikelin iyaka. A wani lokaci, ƙasa ta juya zuwa duwatsu. Ga wasu yankuna inda ake noman dankali a yau, yanayin matsakaicin lokaci ya yi kama da mara kyau. A arewacin Afirka da kudancin Turai, noman dankalin turawa yana ƙara wahala, kuma a wasu wurare ma ba zai yiwu ba.
Wata rana ba zai yi sanyi ba don dankali - lokacin da zafin jiki da dare ya daina faɗuwa zuwa aƙalla 16 ° C. Sakamakon zai iya zama mai tsanani. Tarihi ya nuna wannan: tun 1845, mutane miliyan a Ireland sun mutu daga "yunwar dankalin turawa", wanda shine sakamakon epiphytosis na marigayi blight. Wani miliyan kuma ya tafi Amurka.
A 'yan kwanakin nan, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tana da kyakkyawan fata ga dankali saboda tubers na iya taimakawa wajen rage matsalar yunwa a duniya. Koyaya, saboda wannan yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka sabbin nau'ikan dankalin turawa masu jurewa, in ji tashar SRF ta Swiss TV.