Babban ɓangaren dankalin turawa na 2022/23 na Rasha ya nuna alamun yawan haɓaka. A gaskiya ma, babu overproduction, wannan shi ne wani artificially halitta halin da ake ciki a cikin fagen kasuwanci sarrafawa ta kasashen waje ciniki cibiyoyin.
Dankali shine amfanin gona mai mahimmanci na abinci, wanda rawarsa da amfaninsa za su yi girma a hankali a nan gaba. Dangane da tarin makamashi a cikin amfanin gona a kowace yanki, dankalin turawa ya zarce duk sauran amfanin gona na yanayin yanayi, shine mafi tattalin arziki da ingantaccen amfani da ruwa, yana samar da albarkatu masu yawa akan ƙasa ta gefe. Maganar masana aikin gona na kasar Rasha na karni na 30 na cewa noman dankali kamar samun kunun masara ne guda uku inda a da ake noman zai zama gaskiya a nan gaba. Bisa wannan damar noman, ana hasashen noman dankalin turawa a duniya zai rubanya nan da shekaru XNUMX masu zuwa. Rasha tana da duk yanayi da dama (ƙasa-yanayin yanayi da tattalin arziƙin ƙasa) don zama jagorar mai samar da ingantaccen dankalin kasuwanci don kasuwar duniya.
Dalilin rashin isasshen tallace-tallacen dankali ana la'akari da shi azaman farashi mai girma a cikin shagunan sayar da kayayyaki, kwatankwacin farashin hatsi da taliya. Rukunin kayan abinci waɗanda suka bambanta da ƙimar abinci mai gina jiki dole ne su yi gogayya da juna a yanayin ƙarfin siye na yawan jama'a da ya ragu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Za a iya daidaita farashin ta hanyar gabatar da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun iyakokin kasuwancin (ba fiye da kashi 30 cikin ɗari ba), da gabatar da ma'auni na rabon kayayyakin cikin gida a cikin tallace-tallacen sarƙoƙi (aƙalla 90%), da kuma hana shigo da dankalin turawa. Waɗannan kayan aikin tattalin arziƙin zamani ne masu wayewa da ake amfani da su a ko'ina cikin duniya don tabbatar da 'yancin cin abinci da tallafawa masu kera su. Gwamnatin Rasha, a gefe guda, tana jiran shekaru 30 don sarrafa kanta na hannun da ba a iya gani na kasuwa, wanda masana masana suka bayyana, wanda a fili yake hana ci gaban tattalin arzikin cikin gida gabaɗaya da kuma musamman. A cikin yanayin da ake ciki yanzu, masu noman dankalin turawa na Rasha da kansu suna buƙatar koyon yadda za su yi amfani da hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa don sayar da kayayyaki, wanda yana da amfani don nazarin da kuma amfani da mafi kyawun ƙwarewar waje. A matsayin misali da za a bi, la'akari da Tsarin Tallan Ciniki na Dankali na Idaho don 2023 - takarda mai sauƙi kuma mai inganci. A halin yanzu, kamfanoni 150 a cikin wannan jiha a kan kadada dubu 120 a kowace shekara suna girma kusan tan miliyan 5 na dankali, wannan shine kashi na uku na duk dankalin Amurka. Kuma sun samu nasarar sayar da shi, ko da yake har yanzu suna dogara ga tsohon kuma wajen asali iri-iri na Russet (babban elongated m tuber na ba na yau da kullum siffar, tare da m haske launin ruwan kasa fata da fari nama). Ana amfani da yawancin amfanin gona don samar da soya, amma Russet ya ci gaba da zama sananne a matsayin dankalin turawa (kimanin rabin yawan tallace-tallacen Amurka).
Mahimman yanayi da dalilai don cin nasara tallace-tallace dankalin turawa
1. Ƙwarewa da karuwa a cikin adadin samarwa. Kananan masana'antu ba za su iya ba da dankalin turawa zuwa sarƙoƙi na dogon lokaci ba. Girman dankalin turawa ya fi ko žasa haɗe tare da girma kayan lambu, amma ya kamata ya zama babban aiki a wannan yanayin kuma. Ba shi da ma'ana kuma ba zai yi nasara ba idan kun shuka dankali ban da wani abu kamar ƙaramin amfanin gona. Don haka, manyan gonaki na Jamhuriyar Belarus tare da babban ƙwararrun nama-madara da samar da abinci, tare da keɓancewa da yawa, sun hana noman dankali. Gonaki na musamman ne kawai ke ci gaba da al'adun dankalin turawa na Belarushiyanci da aka taɓa girma, amma kundin ba iri ɗaya bane. Wani lokaci ba ya isa ga kasuwar cikin gida.
2. Haɗin gwiwar kamfanoni masu girma dankali. Ƙungiyar dankalin turawa ta Idaho - Hukumar Idaho Potato Commission (IPC) - an kafa shi a cikin 1937 (!) A zahiri, ba dare ɗaya ba, amma wannan ya haifar da haɗin kan farashin farashi da manufofin tallace-tallace, mai tasiri mai tasiri da muradun masana'antar. Kasancewar ƙwararrun ƙungiyar haɗakarwa duka yana ba mu damar yin aiki tare da haɗin kai. A gaskiya ma, masu noman dankalin turawa na Rasha har yanzu suna da nisa daga haɗin kai. Wadatar kai, ware kai, tunanin gona ya yi galaba: "Zan iya sayar da dankalina da kaina." An yi ƙoƙari da yawa don haɗa kai kuma akwai ƙungiyoyin masana'antu da yawa, amma ba su haɗa kan al'ummar dankalin turawa ba. A matakin yanki, haɗin gwiwar ƙananan masana'antu yana da matukar dacewa don haɓakawa da tsara kundin samfuran da aka sayar. Waɗannan su ma keɓantacce lokuta ne. Kuma rarrabuwar kawuna baya barin bayyanawa da kare muradun masana'antar. Ba zai yiwu ba don samar da matsayi ɗaya idan ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi ba kawai kamfanoni na Rasha ba, har ma da wakilan kamfanonin kasashen waje waɗanda ke da sha'awa daban-daban. Sabili da haka, shawarwari sau da yawa suna fitowa daga ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ke ba da sha'awar ba Rasha ba, amma kamfanoni na waje.
3. High quality kayayyakin. Matsayi baya buƙatar hujja, kowa ya kamata yayi ƙoƙari ya kai matsayi mai girma. Matsalar tana cikin ma'auni: a nan gaba, dankalin tebur zai kasance mai gasa tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa na akalla 40 t / ha da kasuwa na akalla 85%. Dankali mai kasuwa yana nufin ɓangaren amfanin gona da ake siyarwa akan farashi mai yawa. Bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, an yi la'akari da farashin mai girma ga masu kera (watau daga kantin sayar da kaya) a matsayin $ 100 / ton, kuma bayan karuwar duniya a farashin kayayyaki da kayan aiki a 2021/22, akalla $ 200 / ton.
4. Daban-daban na samfurori. Duk da alƙawarin ra'ayin mazan jiya na Amurka ga Russet, ban da shi, wasu nau'ikan dankali guda biyar suna kasancewa koyaushe a kan shelves a Amurka: rawaya, ja, fari, mai cin abinci da kuma zamantakewa. Ana sayar da su a cikin nau'i daban-daban.
Dangane da nazarin kididdigar tallace-tallace na dogon lokaci, an gano yankuna da yawa na ƙasar tare da fasali na musamman na amfani da nau'ikan dankali. Ana la'akari da waɗannan fasalulluka yayin tsara nau'ikan noma da tallace-tallace.
Kuma yana da mahimmanci a gare mu mu ƙuduri, amma da tunani, fadada nau'in dankalin tebur iri-iri, layin samfurin. Mafi girman nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i a kan ɗakunan ajiya na shaguna na Rasha (a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya kasance dankali mai launin rawaya) yana hana masu amfani da damar da za su zaɓa. Kuma rashin zabi yana rage tallace-tallacen dankali a gaba ɗaya.
5. Constant sanar da masu amfani game da amfanin dankali. Nasarar siyar da dankali a Idaho ta dogara ne, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, akan yada darajar sinadirai da sinadirai na dankali a matsayin kayan abinci. Dole ne mu yarda da gaske cewa ba mu mai da hankali ga wannan fanni na haɓakawa. A halin yanzu, yana da matukar mahimmanci a isar da bayanan tushen kimiyya ga mabukaci.
Dankali babban abinci ne mai gina jiki. Kamar yadda ka sani, amfanin abinci yana ƙayyade ta hanyar rabon abinci da adadin kuzari. Misali, nau'in gram 100 na dankalin da aka gasa ya ƙunshi kusan adadin kuzari 97, ko kashi 5% na izinin yau da kullun. Amma wannan hidimar tana ba da kashi 10% na abincin yau da kullun na fiber na abinci, bitamin B6, da potassium, da 5% ko fiye na thiamine, niacin, bitamin C, bitamin E, bitamin K, phosphorus, magnesium, da jan karfe, da ƙari. Kuma wannan ya tabbatar da cewa dankali abinci ne mai matuƙar lafiya.
An sanya dankalin turawa da koren wake a matsayin abincin da ke da mafi yawan sinadirai a kowace raka'a na kuɗin da aka kashe a cikin nazarin abinci 90 da aka fi sani. Samar da araha, ƙimar abinci mai gina jiki, tsawon rairayi da yawan amfanin dankali sun sa su zama muhimmin sashi na dabarun aminci.
An rarraba dankalin turawa a matsayin "kayan lambu masu sitaci", wanda ke nuna fifikon ma'adanai, carbohydrates, da nau'in carbohydrate mafi girma, sitaci. Dankali sitaci ya ƙunshi amylopectin (branched glucose polymer) da amylose (madaidaicin sarkar glucose polymer) a cikin daidaitaccen rabo na 3:1. kusan ba canzawa. Wannan "sitaci mai jurewa" (RS) yana da yawa ta hanyar microflora a cikin hanji don samar da gajeriyar sarkar kitse wanda aka nuna don rage pH na hanji, ƙananan matakan ammoniya mai guba a cikin gastrointestinal tract, kuma yana aiki azaman prebiotics don haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar ƙwayar cuta. kwayoyin cuta masu amfani ga hanji.. Sabbin nazarin ƙirar dabba da wasu ƙayyadaddun nazarin ɗan adam sun nuna cewa RS na iya ƙara yawan gamsuwa, da tasiri mai tasiri a cikin jiki, da tasiri mai tasiri na lipid na jini da matakan glucose, da kuma ƙara ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani a cikin hanji.
Dankali ya ƙunshi biyu daga cikin rukunoni biyar na RS: RS2, wanda galibi ana samunsa a cikin ɗanyen dankali, da RS3, wanda ke samuwa idan an tafasa dankali da kuma sanyaya. Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan ya yi nazarin adadin RS a cikin shahararrun irin dankalin turawa guda uku da aka dafa ta hanyoyi daban-daban guda biyu (gayya da tafasa) kuma ana yin hidima a yanayin zafi daban-daban uku. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa abun ciki na RS a cikin dankali ya bambanta sosai dangane da hanyar dafa abinci da zafin jiki, amma ba akan iri-iri ba. Misali, dankalin da aka gasa yana da RS (3,6 g RS a kowace g dankali 100) fiye da dafaffen dankalin (2,4 g RS a kowace g dankali 100). Har ila yau, a matsakaici, dankalin da aka yi sanyi (wanda aka gasa ko dafa shi) ya ƙunshi mafi yawan RS (4,3g RS a kowace gram 100), sannan kuma dankali mai sanyi da mai zafi (3,5g RS a kowace 100g dankali) da dankali mai zafi. form (3,1 g na RS). da 100 g dankali). Ko da dankalin da aka sarrafa (kamar flakes dankalin turawa) yana bayyana yana riƙe da adadin sitaci mai juriya.
Baya ga RS, dankali ya ƙunshi fiber na abinci - kusan 2 g a kowace g 150, wanda shine 7% na ƙimar yau da kullun. Ana samun su duka a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara da kwasfa. Farin dankali yana da babban abun ciki na fiber. Danyen furotin na dankalin turawa yana kwatankwacinsa da mafi yawan tushen tushen da tuber, a kusan 2-4 g kowace matsakaiciyar tuber. Ana kiran ingancin furotin sau da yawa a matsayin "ƙimar halitta" (BC), wanda ke la'akari da bayanan amino acid na furotin tare da kasancewarsa. Farin kwai yana da darajar nazarin halittu 100 kuma ana ɗaukarsa abin tunani. Dankali yana da babban BV 90 idan aka kwatanta da sauran mahimman tushen furotin na shuka (misali waken soya mai BV na 84 da wake mai BV na 73). Kuskure ne na yau da kullun cewa sunadaran shuka sun ɓace ko rasa ɗaya ko fiye na mahimman amino acid. A haƙiƙa, dankalin turawa ya ƙunshi dukkan muhimman amino acid guda tara kuma don haka cikakken furotin ne. Protein dankalin turawa ya fi sauran sunadaran kayan lambu kuma yayi kama da sunadaran dabbobi dangane da abun ciki na muhimman amino acid.
macro da abubuwa masu alama. Dankali ya ƙunshi yawancin bitamin da ma'adanai masu mahimmanci, musamman bitamin C da B6, da ma'adanai potassium, magnesium, da baƙin ƙarfe. Dankali mai matsakaicin girma (150 g) ya ƙunshi 27 MG na bitamin C, wanda yake da yawa. Dankali yana matsayi na biyar a jerin tushen abinci na bitamin C ga Amurkawa. Dankali kuma ya ƙunshi riboflavin, thiamine, da folate, kuma shine kyakkyawan tushen bitamin B6 (12% na US DV kowace hidima).
Dankali yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan tushen tushen potassium, tare da tubers ya fi girma fiye da ayaba, lemu da broccoli.
Dankali yana da yawa a cikin magnesium (kimanin 48 MG a cikin matsakaiciyar tuber tare da fata), kuma binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa kimanin kashi 5 cikin dari na yawan adadin magnesium a cikin abincin Amurka ya fito ne daga dankali.
Iron, a gefe guda, ba ya da yawa a cikin dankali (1,3 MG ko 6% na ƙimar yau da kullun a Amurka), amma kasancewar kasancewar wannan sinadari yana da girma fiye da yawancin kayan lambu masu arzikin ƙarfe.
Ba daidai ba ne cewa duk abubuwan gina jiki suna cikin fata na dankalin turawa. Ya ƙunshi kusan rabin duk fiber na abinci, amma yawancin (> 50%) na abubuwan gina jiki har yanzu suna cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara. Kamar yadda yake tare da yawancin kayan lambu, kasancewar yawancin abubuwan gina jiki a cikin dankali, musamman bitamin da ma'adanai masu narkewar ruwa, ya dogara da hanyoyin sarrafawa da shirye-shirye. Mafi girman asarar sinadirai yana faruwa ne lokacin da ake amfani da ruwa don dafa abinci (tafasa) da/ko lokacin da abinci ya gamu da matsanancin zafi na dogon lokaci (misali yin burodi).
Phytonutrients. Dankali kuma ya ƙunshi nau'ikan phytonutrients iri-iri, da farko carotenoids da acid phenolic, kuma sune mafi girma tushen tushen phenolic mahadi a cikin abincin Amurka. Ana samun carotenoids kamar su lutein, zeaxanthin da violaxanthin galibi a cikin dankalin rawaya da ja, kodayake ana samun ƙaramin adadin a cikin farin dankali. Jimlar abun ciki na carotenoids a cikin dankali ya bambanta daga 35 μg zuwa 795 µg a kowace g 100 na nauyi. Iri masu launin rawaya masu duhu sun ƙunshi nau'ikan carotenoids kusan sau 10 fiye da nau'in fari-nama. Anthocyanins sune mahadi na phenolic waɗanda ake samu a cikin tantanin halitta na furanni, 'ya'yan itatuwa, da ganyen shuka kuma suna ba da launuka masu kama daga ja zuwa rasberi da shuɗi zuwa shuɗi. Mafi girman abun ciki na anthocyanin a cikin dankali ya hada da acylated petunidine glycosides (dankali mai ruwan hoda) da acylated pelargonidin glycosides (ja da purple dankali). Chlorogenic acid, fili marar launi na polyphenolic, shine metabolite na shuka na biyu kuma ya kai kashi 80% na jimlar phenol abun ciki a cikin tubers dankalin turawa. Daga karshe, Quercetin wani flavonoid ne da ake samu a cikin mafi girma a cikin ja da jajayen dankali mai launin ruwan kasa kuma yana da kaddarorin antioxidant da anti-inflammatory a cikin vitro da in vivo. Kamar sauran tsire-tsire phytonutrients, glycoalkaloids ba kawai tasiri mai guba ba, har ma da tasiri mai kyau, ciki har da rage cholesterol, anti-mai kumburi, anti-allergic, da antipyretic effects. Duk da wadannan bayanai, ya kamata a jaddada cewa adadin glycoalkaloids da ke cikin dankalin da ake samu don amfanin ɗan adam yawanci yana da ƙasa, kuma cire ciyawar da bawon fata mai kauri 3-4 mm a waje kafin dafa abinci yana kawar da kusan dukkanin glycoalkaloids (don ƙarin bayani). , duba Jaridar Dankali). tsarin" No. 2, 2023).
Dankali ba ya ƙunshi alkama (ƙungiyar sunadaran sunadaran gina jiki a cikin hatsin hatsi waɗanda mutane da yawa ke rashin lafiyar), don haka sune tushen tushen carbohydrate a cikin abincin mutanen da ke fama da cutar celiac da / ko alkama. Yanke abincin alkama kawai zai iya haifar da wasu rashi na gina jiki: fiber da micronutrients da yawa, gami da thiamine, folate, magnesium, calcium, da baƙin ƙarfe. Saboda dankali ya ƙunshi adadin waɗannan sinadarai, abinci ne mai mahimmanci ga waɗanda ke buƙata ko kuma suke son bin abinci mara amfani ko ƙarancin alkama. A kan fakitin kwakwalwan dankalin turawa (ba nau'in nau'in dankalin turawa mafi lafiya ba), yana zama mai salo don kula da ba da babban adadin kalori ba, amma ga abun ciki na sifili.
6. M danniya na korau ƙarya bayanai game da sinadirai masu Properties dankali. Masu noman dankalin turawa na Idaho suna ci gaba da bincika sararin bayanai kuma da sauri suna karyata bayanan karya game da haɗarin dankali a matsayin kayan abinci. Sun ci gaba ne daga gaskiyar cewa kowane saƙo mara kyau dole ne a kawar da shi ta hanyar tabbatacce guda huɗu - akan maudu'i ɗaya kuma akan tashoshin bayanai iri ɗaya. Wasu masana abinci da abinci a duniya suna bayyana cin zarafi na Bafilistiyawa akan dankali lokaci-lokaci a cikin manyan fannoni uku:
Hawan jini/hawan hawan jini. Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta amince da aikace-aikacen amfani potassium don lafiya da daidaita hawan jini. Ganin yawan abun ciki na potassium da ƙarancin abun ciki na sodium, dankali na iya zama kyakkyawan abinci don magance hauhawar jini. Duk da haka, wani binciken likita ya kammala cewa yawan amfani da gasa, dafaffen, da soyayyen faransa yana da alaƙa da haɗarin haɓakar hauhawar jini. Binciken da aka yi na kurkusa da sakamakon wannan binciken ya nuna cewa babu wasu dalilan da za su kawo karshen wannan rashin tabbas. A wasu lokuta, an lura da dangantaka mai kyau tsakanin amfani da dankalin turawa da ci gaban hauhawar jini a cikin mata kawai, yayin da a cikin maza an sami ci gaba. Bugu da kari, maye gurbin dankali da kayan lambu marasa sitaci yana da fa'ida a cikin rukuni biyu na mata kawai, a cikin maza yana kara haɗarin hauhawar jini. Kuma maye gurbin dankali da sauran kayan lambu masu sitaci (wake, wake, masara, da dankali mai daɗi) bai rage haɗarin hauhawar jini a kowane rukuni ba.
Kula da nauyi / kiba. Dankali a cikin yanayinsa shine amfanin gona mai ƙarancin kalori na yau da kullun tare da ƙarfin kuzari na kusan 90 kcal da 100 g na nauyi mai nauyi (kwatankwacin abun ciki na kalori na karas, kabeji, beets). Abubuwan da ke cikin kalori na dankali yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa lokacin soyayyen mai ko mai. Don haka, kwakwalwan kwamfuta suna da adadin kuzari na kusan 450 kcal da 100 g, amma kusan 30% na nauyin su shine man kayan lambu.
Mun kuma lura cewa samun kuzari ta mutum mai abinci shine babban burin da ma'anar abinci mai gina jiki. Matsalar kiba ba ta haifar da kasancewar adadin kuzari ba, amma ta hanyar yawan kuzarin da ake cinyewa tare da abinci akan kashe kuzari. Mutanen da ke da salon zaman kashe wando ya kamata a sane su haɗa da dafaffen dankalin turawa da dankali a cikin abincinsu, kuma su rarraba soya a matsayin abincin biki.
Duk da haka, a Intanet zaka iya samun sauƙin abin da ake kira binciken masana kimiyya na Birtaniya, sanya dankali a kan daidai da abubuwan sha masu dauke da sukari da kuma sarrafa nama. Masu noman dankalin turawa a Idaho dole ne su yi watsi da irin wannan kyakkyawan sakamako.
Glycemic martani / nau'in ciwon sukari na 2. Saboda abubuwan da ke cikin carbohydrate da kuma tsammanin babban ma'aunin glycemic (GI), ba kawai ana iyakance dankali a cikin abincin masu ciwon sukari ba, amma kuma an ambaci shi a matsayin dalilin cutar. Duk da haka, babu wani bincike na asibiti / gwaji da ke tabbatar da irin wannan dangantaka mai haddasawa. Koyaya, wasu mawallafa sun yanke shawarar cewa dankali (ciki har da gasa, dafaffen, mashed da soyayyen faransa) suna da alaƙa da haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon sukari na 2, kuma sun ambaci GI dankalin turawa a matsayin wata hanya ta haɓaka haɗari. Wani nazari mai zaman kansa na kusa da sakamakon wannan binciken ya nuna cewa da zarar an haɗa ma'aunin jiki (BMI) a cikin ƙirar ƙididdiga kuma ana sarrafa shi azaman mai haɗin gwiwa, ƙungiyar ba ta kasance mai mahimmanci ga gasa, dafaffen, ko dankalin turawa ba. Sarrafa BMI yana da mahimmanci saboda kiba/kiba shine babban abin haɗari ga nau'in ciwon sukari na 2. Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura cewa marubutan ba su yi la'akari da wasu abubuwan da za su iya yin amfani da abincin da za su iya bayyana wannan dangantaka ba, musamman jan nama.
Dangane da ma'aunin glycemic kanta, wanda ke nuna ƙarancin ƙarancin sitaci zuwa glucose a cikin sashin narkewar jikin ɗan adam, ya bambanta sosai a cikin dankali dangane da nau'in dafa abinci da hanyar amfani. GI dabi'u sun bambanta daga matsakaici (Boiled ja dankali ci sanyi: 56) zuwa matsakaici high (gasa Russet dankali: 77) zuwa babba (nan take mashed dankali: 88; Boiled ja dankali: 89). Wani binciken kuma ya duba GI na nau'in dankali guda takwas a Burtaniya kuma ya gano kewayon 56 zuwa 94. Kuma wani bayanin: Fries na Faransa yana da ƙarancin GI fiye da dafaffen dankali.
7. Sanar da masu amfani da ita game da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya na dankalin turawa. A baya an yi la'akari da tasirin dankali akan lafiyar ɗan adam (idan aka kwatanta da yawan kayan lambu). Amma yana ƙunshe da babban adadin maɓalli na phytonutrients waɗanda ke da ayyukan nazarin halittu waɗanda zasu iya magance ci gaban cututtuka na yau da kullun. A halin yanzu, gwaje-gwaje na asibiti sun tabbatar da cewa amfani da dankali na yau da kullun yana da tasirin hypocholesterolemic da anti-mai kumburi, yana taimakawa rage haɗarin cutar kansa, ciwon sukari, da kiba.
8. Sanar da masu amfani game da yadda ya dace da dankali: yadda za a adana, yadda za a hana kore kore, sprouting, nauyi asara. Misali, magana baki daya kan batun kore: Chlorophyll da glycoalkaloids ana samun su ta dabi'a a cikin dankali. Bayyanar dankali ga haske a filin, a cikin ajiya, a kan shagunan kantin kayan miya, ko a gida na iya haifar da launin kore a saman dankalin. Wannan "kore" yana faruwa ne saboda samuwar chlorophyll, wani launi da ake samu a yawancin abincin shuka, ciki har da letas, alayyafo, da broccoli. Dankali, wanda aka fi ci, yana da ƙarancin solanine. Ana samun mafi girman matakan glycoalkaloids a cikin tsiro, furanni, ganyaye, ko wasu sassa masu girma na tuber, waɗanda ba sassan dankalin turawa waɗanda mutane suka saba ci ba. Matsakaicin glycoalkaloids ya fi girma a cikin dankalin da bai girma ba kuma yana raguwa yayin da tuber ke tsiro da girma. Hakanan ya kamata a lura cewa shirye-shiryen kiwo dankalin turawa sun haifar da sakin layi na dankalin turawa mai ƙarancin ƙarancin solanine. FDA tana ɗaukar matsakaicin abin karɓa na glycoalkaloid don zama 20-25mg/100g sabon nauyin dankalin turawa. Misali, matsakaicin amsa mai guba na ɗan adam ga glycoalkaloids shine 3 mg / kg nauyin jiki (kewayon 1-5 mg / kg nauyin jiki). Tsammanin cewa dankali ya ƙunshi glycoalkaloids a matakin da aka ba da shawarar na 200 ppm, mai nauyin kilogiram 80 (176 lb) zai ci cikakken kilogiram na raunin dankalin turawa a kowane hidima don haifar da wani abu mai guba. Hakanan lura cewa dankali tare da wannan babban abun ciki na glycoalkaloid zai sami ɗanɗano mai ɗaci, mai ƙonawa. Don rage samuwar glycoalkaloids a cikin dankali a lokacin girbi da kuma bayan girbi, ya kamata a adana samfuran a cikin sanyi, wuri mai duhu. Idan kun ga wuri mai koren kan dankalin turawa, yanke shi, babban ɓangaren samfurin yana da amfani.
Ƙungiyar Manoman Dankali ta Idaho tana amfani da salon gabatarwa mai natsuwa da inganci. Kuma ya ba da hujjoji, yana nufin mabubbugar ilimin kimiyya masu iko kan batun.
9. Kullum sabunta girke-girke don dankalin turawa. Wannan, a zahiri, shine babban toshe bayanai ga masu amfani. Shafukan yanar gizo na ƙungiyoyi masu noman dankalin turawa da kamfanoni da yawa masu samar da dankalin turawa suna da ɓangarorin kayan abinci da yawa tare da cikakken girke-girke, kyawawan hotuna na jita-jita dankalin turawa da abinci. Ana cika su akai-akai kuma ana tallata su, gami da a matakin siyar da dankali a cikin shaguna.
10. Ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar cinikin dankalin turawa. Shawarwari don shaguna na 2023:
- inganta mafi mashahuri dankali;
- ƙirƙirar hotunan talla a cikin sautunan ja-launin ruwan kasa (yana taimakawa haɓaka tallace-tallace da kashi 13%);
- sanya tallace-tallace a kan nuni a manyan kantunan (ƙarin haɓaka tallace-tallace da 22%, bisa ga IPC);
- yi amfani da alamun IPC a cikin ƙirar bene na ciniki (a matsayin tunatarwa ga mai siye game da dankalin Idaho);
- yi amfani da tallan hoton fakiti tare da samfurori (yanki, don kada masu amfani su sami ra'ayi cewa ana sayar da dankali kawai a cikin girma);
- sanya shimfidar dankalin turawa daban-daban (dankalin Idaho ya fi Russet);
- shirya gasa ga masoya dankalin turawa (gasa yana kara yawan halartar shago).
Ƙungiyar Manoman dankalin turawa ta Idaho tana ba da kuɗin gudanar da bukukuwan dankalin turawa, tana shirya wani taro kusan akai-akai a duk faɗin Amurka akan babbar tirela mai ɗauke da hoton tuber dankalin turawa, irin caca iri-iri tare da kyautuka ga masu siyan dankalin turawa. Kuma ba ya tsammanin dankalin turawa mai kyau zai sayar da kansa, wanda har yanzu muna dogara da shi. Masu noman dankalin turawa suma yakamata su bi wannan hanya. Mafi ingantattun matakan haɓaka tallace-tallace sun fi ƙarfin kowace kamfani ɗaya. Saboda haka, fifiko na farko shine aiwatar da sakin layi na 2 (duba sama).
Sergey Banadysev, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences Sci., Doka - Gene Technologies LLC