A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, buƙatun don dankali mai dadi yana girma cikin hanzari a cikin EU na EU, kuma sha'awar masu samarwa don koyon yadda ake girma yana da wuyar fahimta. Tuni, ana girma cikin Italiya, Spain, Isra'ila da Misira, kuma kowace shekara ƙari. Masu masana'antar dankalin turawa masu dadi suna da sha'awar Beljik da Netherlands. A cikin 2017, an gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da yawa a tashar Fredepel, wacce Jami'ar Wageningen (Netherlands) ta mallaka.
Duk da cewa yawancin dankali mai zaki ana kiransa dankali mai zaki, waɗannan albarkatun biyu sun banbanta ba kawai ba, amma har da tsadar girma. A cikin samar da dankalin turawa mai zaki, manyan abubuwan farashi sune dasa kayan girki da girbi, farashin kayan dasawa, da ajiya da sarrafawa. A cikin 2016, an fara gwajin bambance-bambancen a tashar gwaji a Craischautem (Belgium), kuma an fara gwaji a Netherlands a wannan shekara.
A tashar Fredepel, an yi amfani da hanyoyin namo iri daban-daban, amfani da ciyawa kuma ana yin gwaji iri iri. Kamar yadda kuka sani, dankalin turawa mai daɗin rai shine tsire-tsire na thermophilic kuma baya jure sanyi ko kaɗan, wannan yana ƙaddamar da ranar farawa. Don koda girma, isasshen danshi da zafi kuma ana buƙata. Bugu da kari, yakamata a girbi girbi kafin zafin zafin ƙasa ya faɗi ƙasa da digiri 10. C (a Holland wannan yakan faru ne a farkon Oktoba).
A tashar Fredepel, an dasa dankalin turawa mai daɗi tare da yan itace kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 2017, kuma an dasa shuki a cikin cubes a ranar 21 ga Yuni. A tsakiyar tsakiyar watan Yuli, yawan tsirowar da aka dasa daga tsiro daga tsiron tsiro ya ragu da wanda aka dasa tare da ƙwaya, watakila saboda kwanan watan dasa shi. Wannan kallo ya musanta zato cewa tukunyar da aka shuka itace na samar da ababen more rayuwa mai kyau. A cikin gwajin, an yi amfani da nau'ikan O`Henry, California, Beauregard (cuttings), Innosweet da Orata Orange (seedlings a cikin tubalin peat), ba yawa don kwatantawa a tsakanin su, amma don fahimtar su tare da iri.
Shuke-shuke da aka girma a shimfiɗa a kan wani ɗakin kwana. Madadin, an gwada haɓakar haɓaka, wanda zai iya zama mai kyau don dumama ƙasa, musamman a hade tare da mulching. A cikin gwajin, an yi amfani da mulching tare da fim ɗin baƙar fata da takarda launin ruwan kasa. Masu auna zafin jiki na zazzabi sun auna shi a zurfin 10, 20, 30 da 40 cm.
Ya juya cewa mulching tare da fim ɗin baƙar fata yana ba da sakamako mafi kyau, ƙara yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa da digiri 3-4. C idan aka kwatanta da takarda mai launin ruwan kasa da hana lalata lalatattun ruwa ta ruwan sama. An dasa tsire-tsire a cikin cubes a cikin ramuka da aka riga aka yi a fim, kuma an yanke itace a kai tsaye ta ciyawa. Azaman madadin, an yi amfani da maƙalar waya ta musamman, a ciki wanda tushe ke nannade sau biyu, sannan kuma ya makale shi cikin ƙasa. Wanne ya fi dacewa ya dogara da ingancin kayan dasawa da kuma kasancewa da hannaye masu aiki. Yana da mahimmanci cewa peranin ya kasance yana hulɗa da zafin rana yayin da wuri-wuri, wanda ke ƙarfafa tashin farko na samuwar. Van de Bole dan kasar Burtaniya mai dadin dankalin turawa, wanda ya dasa daskararren dankalin turawa ta hanyar amfani da injin zamani, ya yi imanin cewa ana bukatar awoyi 1 na mutum don shuka 100 ha.
A tashar Fredepel, an gabatar da kilogiram 125 / ha na kieserite da 200 kilogiram / ha na potassium sulfate, kazalika da kimanin kilogiram 150 / ha na nitrogen tare da taki shanu, a cikin babban miya. A wasu ƙasashe, an yi imanin cewa dankalin turawa mai daɗi ya isa kilogiram 60 / ha na nitrogen. A halin yanzu babu samfuran da aka yi wa rajista don narkar da dankalin turawa a Belgium da Netherlands. Hanya ba sa haifar da manyan matsaloli, saboda tsirrai da sauri ke rufe dukkan ƙasa. Daga cikin kwari, mafi hatsari sune beraye da sauran dabbobin, da kuma nematodes.
Dankin dankalin turawa mai dadi ana ajiye shi sosai a ƙarƙashin yanayi da dama. Dole ne a girbi girbi kafin zafin jiki na ƙasa ya faɗi ƙasa da digiri 10. C. Fata na tubers yana da bakin ciki kuma mai ƙanshi, don haka girbi yakamata ayi ta amfani da digirin dankalin turawa da aikin kwali.
Dangane da gwajin 2016, yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin Belgium ya kai 20-50 t / ha, ya danganta da iri da yanayin girma. Adana yana farawa da lokacin magani na mako guda a zazzabi na 29-30. C kuma gwargwadon yanayin zafi mai yiwuwa. Fatar ta yi kauri kuma tayi karfi. Heat yana kunna aikin enzymes, a sakamakon haka, ɗanɗanar tubers tana inganta. Bayan lokacin jiyya, ana iya adana tubers a shekara guda a zazzabi na digiri 13. C da zafi mai kusanci.
Daya daga cikin manyan matsalolin girma dankali mai dadi shine dasa kayan. A cikin gwaji a Fredepel, an yi amfani da 'ya'yan itace daga Spain. Yawancin nau'ikan da suka fi girma a duniya sune Beauregard da Covington, duka biyun ne a cikin jami'o'in Amurka, yayin da ba a ba da izinin Covington yayi girma a wajen wannan ƙasa ba. Don namo a Turai, musamman a cikin ƙasashenta na arewacin, wajibi ne a zaɓi nau'ikan da suka dace. Kudin yankan kusan 0,10-0,20 euro / pc., 'Ya'yan ƙwaya a cikin cubes - kimanin euro 0,50 / pc.
source: http://www.fruit-inform.com