Nikolay Yuzefov baya buƙatar gabatarwa. "Sarki Dankali" - Don agrarians kira shi. Wannan lakabin manomi ne - ya bambanta da mutanen sarauta - ba a gado, amma ana samun sa ne ta hanyar aiki tuƙuru da cike da cones. Makon da ya gabata, roungiyar ‘Yan Kasuwar roan kasuwa ta Gidan "ab’i“ Krestyanin ”sun gudanar da Ranar Filin Kayan Kayan lambu a gonar Nikolai Nikolaevich.
Babban abokin taron taron shine Syngenta; Abokin haɗin gwiwar shine Agrotehnik LLC.
KFH Yuzefova da wuya ya yi daidai da ra'ayin "noma" tattalin arziƙi. Hectare dubu bakwai na kamshi, ton dubu 54 na dankali a shekara, sauyin 900 miliyan rubles - kuma duk wannan, ba shakka, ba shi kadai ba, amma tare da mazaunan yankin ɗari biyu na gundumar Semikarakorsky waɗanda ke aiki a cikin gonakin kiwo.
Tsaba: Nemi Kwararre
Nikolai Nikolaevich yayi ƙoƙari don samun komai "kamar a Turai". Organizationwararrun ƙungiyar kwadago, kayan aiki masu tsabta, tsabta da kyau akan tsari.
Ga baƙi a tsakiyar yankin an gina karamin otal tare da gidan cin abinci a ƙasa mai faɗi. Faransawa, waɗanda suka taɓa zuwa wurin taron karawa juna sani, “sun firgita,” in ji Yuzefov ya yarda.
Mun yi mamaki. Da ranar Field, Nikolai Nikolayevich yayi alkawarin wankewa da sanya kan tebur duk ire-ire dankalin da yake shuka akan gonarsa. A lokacin ajalin da aka zaɓa, zazzage ɗumbin jita-jita game da fararen tebur - iri 20, daga sanannen Red Scarlett da Gala zuwa sabon abu Indigo - tushen amfanin gona tare da baƙar fata.
- Muna tsunduma cikin sabuntaka daban-daban kuma kowace shekara muna yin gwaje-gwaje don gano kanmu da kuma nuna wa mutane waɗanne nau'ikan suke ba da girbi mai kyau. Amma ban yi alkawarin cewa nau'ikan da suka dace da mu za su girma a cikinku ba, a cikin Voronezh ko Stavropol, "Yuzefov ya gargaɗi masu sauraro. - Dole ne a haɗu da tsaba a yankin.
Nikolai Nikolaevich ya shafe shekaru da yawa akan wannan kafin ya tattara mafi kyawun tsarin nau'ikansa.
Vladimir Talalaev, shugaban gundumar Semikarakorsky ya ce: "Yankinmu ya fara girmar kayan lambu ne," in ji Vladimir Talalaev. - Amma rikici ya faru a masana'antar, yankin ƙasa mai ban ruwa ya ragu daga kadada 36 zuwa dubu 12, mun rasa kasuwancin da suka samar da iri. Nikolai Nikolaevich dole ne ya tara kayan shuka daga ko'ina cikin ƙasar.
Abu ne mai sauki muyi aiki yanzu. Yankin Rostov yana bayar da goyon baya ga girma dankalin turawa. Misali, ya fadawa Mataimakin Ministan Aikin Noma Dmitry Repka, cewa suna bayar da tallafi don siyan fitattun tsararrun - 64 rubles a hectare da aka shuka ta "mashahuri". Akwai tallafi don ban ruwa da matakan magudanan ruwa, don ginin da sake tsarin tsarin ban ruwa - An kasafta miliyan 546 rubles daga cikin kasafin kuɗi don waɗannan manufofin. Manoma an sake basu wani bangare na tsadar ayyukan samar da ruwa, gabatarwar phosphogypsum.
Amma matsalolin, tabbas, suna wanzuwa. Babban shine inda za'a samo kyawawan tsaba. Nikolai Nikolaevich ya fita daga cikin halin ta hanyar shirya cikakken iko ga masu samar da kayan shuka.
- A watan Agusta, biyar daga cikin masananmu sunyi tafiya zuwa yankuna daban-daban da yankuna na Rasha - zuwa gonakin da muke aiki da su - don duba tsaba, daidai yadda suke girma a fagen. Idan yanayin su, virology ba ya kama, mun ƙi. Kuma idan muka ga cewa tsaba sun girma da kyau, ƙwayoyin cutar ba su da ƙaranci, za mu yanke kwangiloli kuma mu yi biyan gaba.
A cikin kwangilar gonakin kiwo, Yuzefova yana nuna takamaiman filin da ya gani da idanunsa, daga inda ya kamata a kawo amfanin gona zuwa gona. Daga baya, masanin binciken halittar ya je gonar don kawo kaya - sake, sake duba komai. Kuma lokacin da tsaba suka iso Semikarakorsk, gonar ta aika samfurori daga kowane tsari zuwa Rosselkhoznadzor don bincike: saboda zaka "saya" takaddun rigakafin, in ji Yuzefov. An sami lokuta lokacin da, saboda babban abun ciki na ƙwayoyin cuta, an mayar da dankali iri ga mai samarwa.
- Haka ne, duk waɗannan matakan suna da tsada. Amma sun tabbatar da lafiyarmu, ”in ji Nikolai Nikolaevich.
Ofaya daga cikin manyan masu ba da tsaba na Yuzefov shine Dankali na SPSK Ustyuzhensky daga Vologda Oblast. Babban daraktan ta, Alexander Kuznetsov, ya shawarci masu noman dankalin Turawa da su lura da amfanin gona daga 10 zuwa 25 ga Agusta.
- A wannan lokacin, akwai sauran ganyaye a filin, kuma iri mai girbi ba zai iya saka komai ba. Bayan kuma a ranar 25 ga Agusta, Rosselkhoztsentr ya nemi isa, daga baya ne muke aiwatar da bala'in sauka, ”in ji Alexander Kuznetsov.
A cikin filayen gonakin kiwo, shugaban Ustyuzhensky Dankali ya nuna game da dozin iri masu ba da tallafi. Daga cikin wadannan, da Rasha Super iri-iri Krepysh da aka musamman tuna. Kuznetsov ya ce a cikin Vologda yana ba da tan 75 na hectare, kuma dukkan albarkatun gona na gram 55.
- Gina yana da kyakkyawan sifar tuber: sabanin sauran nau'ikan farko, idanun suna ƙanana. Yana samar da kwasfa mai kyau, wanda ya dace da duk bala'in rayuwa, "in ji Kuznetsov.
Wata gonar iri wacce Yuzefov ke aiki da ita ita ce Molyanov Agro Group LLC daga Yankin Samara. Shugabanta, Vladimir Molyanov, ya yi magana game da nau'ikan da za a iya magance zafi. Ya ba da shawarar kula da matsanancin-farkon Gulliver da Junior, ga Red-Sonia da Arosa da ke iya kamuwa da kwayar cutar. Wani sanannen so da dankalin turawa ya girka shine Red Fantasy.
- Wannan nau'ikan yana da fiɗa mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi juriya, kuma ɗayan sirrinsa shine cewa da jimawa nau'ikan sun rufe jere, zai fi dacewa da jure yanayin zafi. Red Fantasy yana da mafi girman juriya ga ƙwayoyin cuta, ya ta'allaka ne da kyau, ba shi da matsaloli tare da ƙwayar cuta, an bayar da shawarar Vladimir Molyanov.
Yawan girbi da dankali mai inganci sune mabuɗin don riba, a cewar masu shuka.
"A 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, gidaje sun koka cewa farashin dankali ya faɗi ƙasa da rubles 10," in ji Molyanov. - Amma bari mu kalli Yamma: farashin dankali bai wuce 10-12 aninan - a Turai, a Amurka ba. Wannan shine, daidai 8-9 rubles. Wannan ya kamata a shiryu. Don zama mai sauyawa, kuna buƙatar yin aiki tare da inganci da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Wasu gonaki a Kudancin Rasha kansu da kansu sun sami mashahuri kuma suna ba da kansu da tsaba na farkon haifuwa. Yuzefov shi ma ya yi irin wadannan gwaje-gwajen, amma ya ƙi yarda da su.
- Ta yaya za a iya yin girma iri daya idan wata iri-iri tana kusa? Tsaba yakamata ya yi girma, kamar Sasha: filin da gandun daji kewaye, ƙasa mara haya, ”shugaban gonar farar fata ya yi bayani.
- Shuka iri yana buƙatar dakin gwaje-gwaje, kuna buƙatar yin wannan daban ... Amma me yasa? Aikina shine ciyar da dankali Russia, kuma bari ƙwararrun ƙwararrun suka girma, kamar yadda suke a Turai.
Kula da Amfani: ya dogara da Syngenta
“Don samun dankali mai kyau, babban abu shi ne cewa basaraken yana da kuɗi,” in ji shi, yana fara jawabinsa game da ciyarwa da kariya, babban masanin ilimin gona na Yuzefova Sergey Voronov. - Duk yana farawa ne da takin mai magani. Muna jefa 700 kilogiram na diammophos don huɗa. Muna huɗa zuwa zurfin santimita 32-35. Mun yanke tsefe kafin mu tafi hutun hunturu, don muyi dasawa tare da tudu a bazara. Shuka yana farawa ne daga bazara. A wannan shekara mun fara ranar 12 ga Maris - da zaran ya sami damar shiga filin.
Dangane da batun kariya ta shuka, tattalin arzikin Yuzefov bai falsafa da hankali ba: sun dogara ne da tsarin kariyar da Syngenta ya gabatar.
Misali, lokacin dasa shuki, masanin binciken ilimin halittu ya bayyana, sun yanke shawarar yin aiki da ka’idar “kar a ajiye kwai a cikin kwandon guda”. Sabili da haka, ana kula da rabin 'ya'yan tubers tare da shirye-shiryen hadaddun Celest Top, rabi an dasa su a cikin ƙasa da aka fesa tare da maganin kashe-kashe da kuma ƙwayar Volyam Flexi.
A kan ciyayi a cikin gona, Yuzefova yana aiki tare da fungicides "Ridomil", "Shirlan", "Revus"; Ana gudanar da jiyya duk kwanaki 6-7.
Babban masanin ilmin gona Sergey Voronov (yana nuna wakilin "Syngenta" Dmitry Gorobets): "Godiya ga tsarinsu na kariya daga cututtuka da kwari, ba mu san wata matsala ba!"
Sunyi nasarar shawo kan kwari da godiya ga “Volyam Flexi”. Bayan gonar ta mamaye mamayewar sihiri, masu aikin gona sun juya ga kwararrun Syngenta. Wadancan sun taimaka don sake gina shirin magani, don musanya wasu kwayoyi - kuma gonar ta kawar da "kwari da ba a keɓe" ba.
- Syungiyar Syngenta, waɗanda ke ba da shawara ga gonarmu, suna da kyawawan mata - Svetlana Spiglazova da Olga Voblova. Manyan ƙwararrun kwararru waɗanda za a iya kira dare da rana, ”in ji Sergey Voronov. - A bara muna da mamayewa na thrips albasa. Sunyi yaqi kamar kitso na makanta, har suka iso, basu gabatarda wani abu ba. A wannan shekara ba mu san baƙin ciki tare da thrips kwata-kwata!
"Gaskiya ne," in ji Yuzefov. - “Masu ba da shawara” “Syngenta” da sauri kan warware duk wata matsala - kuma kun san cewa wani lokaci yakan ɗauki awowi kafin a lissafta lokacin zafi. Duk Asabar da Lahadi zasu iya zuwa. Ba abin tausayi ba ne ka biya lokacin da ka ga sakamakon. Wannan hanya ce ta Turai!
Ciyarwa: ba da bambancin abinci
Takin tsire-tsire na dankali a cikin gona Yuzefova suna ba da abubuwa da yawa: na duniya, da kuma potash, da cakuda abubuwan da aka gano. A cikin abinci mai ma'adinai, Nikolai Nikolaevich ya lura, kamar yadda yake a cikin iri iri, ya dogara da mai samarwa. Saboda haka, masu samar da takin zamani Yuzefov su ma sun shirya gwaje-gwaje a gonakin sa. Wadanda suka rage ne kawai suka tabbatar da sakamakon alkawarin.
A cikin dankalin turawa girma, wanda ya isa ya manta game da takin mai magani na ƙasa, ya shawarci masu sauraro masanin kimiyyar kamfanin Harvest XXI Andrei Varich. Harvest XXI yana samar da takin mai magani da kuma abubuwan da ake amfani da shi a cikin ingantaccen tsarin. Ana kiran su ZhUSS (abun ciki na motsa ruwa mai motsa jiki). Ana amfani da YUSSY akan hatsi da lemuka, a cikin aikin gona da kayan lambu, kuma bawai kawai suke ciyar da tsiro ba, harma suna karawa ayyukan kariya. Misali, Agro JUSS na Argentum wanda ke dauke da azurfa yana hana kwayoyin cuta kuma ya tsawaita rayuwar kayan amfanin gona.
- Kwalejin Noma ta Jihar Belarusiya ta gudanar da bincike kan dankali. Yawan amfanin ƙasa ya karu bayan ZhUMS "Gumiks" (humic acid) wanda ya kai kilogi 16 / ha, bayan ZhUSS "Rikicin" - 35 kg / ha. Dangane da yawan amfanin gona, sitaci na amfanin gona da Gumix ZhUSS ya shuka - 3,6 c / ha dangane da sitaci, "ZhUSS" Complex "- 11,2 c / ha dangane da sitaci," in ji Varich.
Mataimakin ya ba da labarin yadda amino acid ke da mahimmanci ga kayan lambu a cikin gidan Yuzefov. Babban Darakta na Agrotechcenter Kolkhoz LLC Vladimir Biryukov. ATC “Kolkhoz” ƙwararre ne a cikin haɓakar ƙwararrun masaniyar tallafi na gonaki kuma suna amfani da samfuran ƙabilanci na Kimitec na kayan lambu don my kayan lambu: mycorrhiza inoculum “Mikogel”, tushen farfadowa "Razer", mai rikitarwa mai rikodin "Bombardir". Akwai magunguna biyu don gyaran abinci - Magnozinc Plus (tushen magnesium da zinc, inganta photosynthesis kuma yana hana chlorosis ganye) da Kaos HT (tushen asalin alli).
Vladimir Biryukov ya ce "Duk samfuran ban da Razer kayan samfuri ne."
Wanda ya cimma nasarar inganta yanayin kayan lambu a cikin kayan lambu shine kamfanin Agro-Sistema, wanda ke tsunduma cikin bada shawara da tallafawa agribusiness.
- Noma mai zurfi na zamani ya haifar da munanan matsalolin muhalli masu alaƙa da lalacewar ƙasa da ƙarancin yalwar ƙasa. Halin da ake ciki a cikin kayan lambu ya zama na da matukar mahimmanci, tunda wannan masana'antar ita ce mafi ƙarfi, - in ji Igor Kutishchev, babban darektan Agro-Sistema. - Yawancin hanyoyin fasaha da matakai na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga ingancin kayan lambu, haɗuwar abubuwa masu guba a cikinsu. Don kauce wa wannan, ya zama dole a ƙaura daga ƙaruwa mai yawa zuwa ilimin kimiyyar ƙasa, hanyoyin hanyoyin noman ƙwayoyin cuta.
Kirkin Organic a matsayin masana'antun zaman kansu sun fito a cikin 1970s. A cikin Turai, ci gabanta ya fi aiki fiye da na Rasha: a can, a cewar masu sharhi, a cikin 2020, 30% na ƙasar noma za ta kasance ta gonakin ƙwayoyi ne. A Rasha, motsi zuwa "kwayoyin" ya fi wahala, amma har yanzu akwai misalai masu nasara.
A cikin Labinsky gundumar Krasnodar Territory, Igor Kutishchev ya noma wani yanki mai fadin hekta 4 bisa tsarin noman kwayoyin har tsawon shekaru uku. Babu wani abu da aka yi amfani dashi daga ilmin sunadarai. An yi yaƙi da cututtuka da kwari tare da taimakon juyawar amfanin gona da nome a hankali, "takin" ƙasar tare da shuke-shuke na takin kore, an lalata ciyawa tare da ciyawar, harrow, da masu kashe wuta. Matsayin kwayoyin halitta na gonar ya sami izini daga kamfanin Jamus Ceres.
Hanyoyin aikin gona ba su shafi yawan amfanin kamfanin ba. Misali, albasa ana girbe anan da tan 30 a kowace hectare.
- Farashin ganyen kayan lambu ya wuce 20-30% sama da na talakawa. Amma, ina tsammanin, bayan an ba da doka kan kare hakkokin masu cinikin kayayyakin halitta, to bambancin zai karu zuwa 50%, ”in ji Igor Kutishchev game da makomar aikin gona.
Koyaya, komai irin rigar da gonar ta zaɓa - ma'adinin gargajiya ko ma'adinan gargajiya - miƙa mulki ga takamaiman aikin gona ba makawa bane, in ji Alexei Tenekov, darektan Agro-Soft LLC, wanda ke aiwatar da wannan fasaha a Rasha.
Tenekov ya yarda cewa kowane irin kayan amfanin gona ya fara da tarin bayanai game da ƙasa. Babban kayan aikin Agro-Soft shine hoto tauraron dan adam da kuma binciken ƙurar ƙasa. Ana sauke bayanan da aka samo a cikin wani shiri na musamman, bincike da nuna shi a cikin nau'ikan zane-zanen filin lantarki. Tare da taimakonsu, zaku iya tara taswira don aikace-aikacen takin zamani, kula da yanayin tsirrai, gano raunana da ƙarfi a fagen, kimantawa da kwatanta iri a tsakani. Tsarin takin zamani yana baza katunan, alal misali, a sanya shi cikin mai yada takin zamani - kuma a tabbata filin zai bada sakamako mafi girma.
- Kudin sararin samaniya yakai 30 ... 50 rubles a kowace kadada a shekara. Zane taswirar aikace-aikacen taki, misali, don nitrogen - 15 rubles a kowace kadada. Binciken noman, wanda ake aiwatarwa duk bayan shekaru hudu, ana cin dala 150-180 a kowace kadada, "in ji Alexey Tenekov, darektan Agro-Soft LLC. - Gabaɗaya, muna faɗin wannan: "Ajiye fanni ɗaya - kuma zaku iya biyan kuɗin fasaha."
Tsaftacewa da Jigilar kaya: dogaro da Grimme
Yawon shakatawa na dasa dankalin Nikolai Yuzefov a gindi, inda ake loda dankalinan da aka girbe a motoci da aika wa abokan ciniki, ya ƙare.
Mene ne a filin lokacin girbi, menene gindi a nan, dabarar Grimme tana aiki.
"Shekaru goma sha biyu da suka wuce, akwai zaɓi tsakanin fasahar Dutch da ta Jamus," in ji Yuzefov. - Injiniyan da ni mun yi tafiya ko'ina cikin Rasha da kallo. Kamfanin Dutch ɗin yana da lahani, don haka suka zaɓi Grimme. Kuma kada kuyi nadama. Mai sauƙin kulawa, komai yana aiki, komai yana da kyau. Babu korafi.
Amfanin Grimme - ban da babban aiki da fasahar mai kaifin basira - shi ne cewa tambarin yana da babban sabis da samar da kayayyaki a yankin Kaluga da kuma babban shago na kayayyakin kayayyakin masarufi.
Agrotehnik, abokin tarayya ne na Grimme a Rasha ya samar da kayan aikin gona na Yuzefov. A wannan shekara, Agrotehnik zai mika injunan noman dankalin Turawa guda biyu zuwa gona. Nikolai Nikolaevich ya yarda cewa shi ma zai dauki wasu jerin layin.
- Muna da cikakkun layin raba Grimme guda huɗu: conveyors, teburin tebur, masu riƙe da telescopic. Rikodin ɗaukar kaya shi ne tan 850 na dankali a kowace rana, in ji Nikolai Nikolaevich. "Amma yanzu girbin albasa yana farawa, kuma daya daga layin dole ne a raba hankalinsa." Kayan layuka biyu musamman don baka ba zaiyi rauni ba.
Baitulmalin masarautar dankalin turawa
A shekarar da ta gabata, kudin da aka samu daga gonar Yuzefova ya kai miliyan 900 rubles. Riba - miliyan 110.
- Wannan bai isa ba. Abin ya faru ne duka miliyan 200 da 250 suka karba, - in ji Yuzefov. "Amma da gangan mun rage ribar don gina wani katafaren wurin ajiya na tan 7, za mu sanya shi wannan faduwar." Mun sabunta jirgi na kayan aiki, da fadada yankin don ban ruwa, amma yanzu muna buƙatar dakatarwa da rage tashar bashi.
Sha'awar kan lamuni (ba tare da su ba, Nikolai Nikolaevich ya koka, ba ci gaba mai yiwuwa ba tukuna) ku ci kusan miliyan 55 rubles.
Labarin mafi mahimmanci a cikin farashin dankali da albasa shine sunadarai. Ana kashe miliyan 120 da rubles akan sa a kowace shekara. Yana cin abinci mai yawa.
"Idan kana da masu yayyafa 30 da ke aiki a gonakin, gudummawar tasa tana da muhimmanci," in ji Yuzefov. - Wasu masu noman dankalin turawa suna karya cewa farashin kilogram na dankali yakai kusan rubles biyar. Ba zai zama haka ba. Kudin dankali masu inganci shine 7,7-7,8 rubles.
Ana siyar da dankalin ne ta hannun Nikolai Yuzefov a mafiya yawa, wani sashi na tushen tsiro ya bunkasa ga masana'antar kwakwalwan kwamfuta a Azov. Manomi ba ya tuntuɓar hanyoyin sadarwa na tarayya - ya san labaru lokacin da manyan kantunan ba su dawo da kuɗi ga masu kera don amfanin gonar ba, yana mai nuna gaskiyar cewa dankali ba shi da kyau kuma ya lalace.
"A cikin Finland, ba a girbe dankali daga gona ba, amma an riga an saya - kuma manomi zai iya sarrafa wannan kuɗin lafiya," in ji Yuzefov. - Ba na gama yarjejeniyoyi da hanyoyin sadarwa ba kuma ba na ba ku shawara. Ina aiki akan tsarin biya Ba na ba kowa aro
source: https://agrobook.ru/