Masu yin dankalin turawa a Kyrgyzstan suna da babban damar da har yanzu basu sani ba. Al'adun noma da suka yi shekaru aru-aru, shigar da yawan jama'a wajen samar da noma, sha'awar samun tsayayyiyar kudin shiga - duk wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban dankalin turawa a cikin jamhuriyar.
Babban burin
Babu shakka ana ɗaukar dankali a matsayin amfanin gona mafi fa'ida don noma a cikin yanayin Jamhuriyar Kyrgyzstan (KR). A kowace shekara, fiye da ton miliyan 74 na tubers ake noma a kasar a kan wani yanki na 1,25 dubu hectares. Daga cikin wannan, kashi 45% ya rage don amfanin gida, kashi 20-25% ana amfani da tsaba kuma ana fitar da adadin guda ɗaya, sauran 4-5% kuma ana amfani da su don abinci.
"Dankali na daya daga cikin muhimman amfanin gona da ke tabbatar da cimma burin da aka sanya a gaba a fagen ci gaba mai dorewa na jamhuriyar," in ji shugaban kungiyar ta "Dankali na Jamhuriyar Kyrgyzstan", wanda ya kafa kuma ya kafa AgroWay Holding. Kayyrkul Kazylaeva. – Wadannan manufofin da farko sun hada da kawar da talauci da yunwa, samar da ayyukan yi, da bunkasar tattalin arziki.
Jimlar yanki a ƙarƙashin dankali daga 2018 zuwa 2022 ya ragu da 14,7%, yawan samarwa ya ragu, amma yawan amfanin ƙasa ya karu da 2,2%. Dangane da bayanan hukuma daga kwamitin kididdiga na Jamhuriyar Kyrgyzstan, matsakaicin sa ya kai daga 16,8 zuwa 17,2 t/ha. Duk da haka, bisa ga bayanai daga manoma a yankunan Issyk-Kul da Chui, yawan amfanin gona ya kai daga 30 zuwa 55 t/ha. Kuma a yankunan Jalal-Abad, Osh da Batken, manoma suna tattara daga ton 20 zuwa 35 a kowace kadada.
Kididdiga ta nuna cewa ana noman dankali mafi girma a cikin jamhuriyar a cikin yankin Issyk-Kul - 35%, Talas da Osh suna da kashi 15% da 16%, Chui da Jalal Abad - 10% da 13%, Naryn da yankin Batken - 8% da 3% bi da bi.
Al'amarin kansa ne
Saboda yanayin yanayi da yanayi na Kyrgyzstan, manoma da yawa sun mai da hankali kan shuka iri. Kuma galibi ana sayar da samfuran kasuwanci azaman “samfurin” na samarwa.
"Mun tsunduma cikin wannan amfanin gona tun daga bazara na 2018," in ji darektan Seed Potato LLC. Kurmanbek Otorov, - kuma a wannan kakar sun noma wani yanki na hectare 24. A cikin shekara mai kyau, yawanci muna tono ton 20-25 na tubers a kowace hectare. Amma idan sanyi ya faru a lokacin rani, yawan amfanin ƙasa zai iya sauke zuwa ton 16-17. Sama da shekaru biyar, masu noman dankalin turawa da yawa a Kyrgyzstan da jumhuriyar makwabta sun zama abokan cinikinmu na yau da kullun. Manyan tubers waɗanda ba su dace da shuka ba ana sayar da su ga jama'a don dalilai na abinci. Muna da wurin ajiyar dankalin turawa na zamani wanda aka tsara don ton dubu biyu cikin girma da kuma tan dubu 1,5 a cikin jaka. An gina shi da kudade daga wanda ya kafa kamfanin, kamfanin Rasha Volovskaya Tekhnika LLC. An cika rumbun ajiyar a farkon watan Oktoba, sannan ana sayar da dankalin kasuwanci a duk lokacin hunturu, galibi akan kasuwar hada-hadar kayayyaki. Ana sayar da kayan iri kafin fara yakin dasa shuki a tsakiyar watan Mayu.
"Gona ta tana aiki da fitattun nau'in dankalin turawa tun 2017," in ji ɗan kasuwan. Umar Sheshanlo. – Ana gudanar da samar da iri a kan wani yanki mai girman kadada 23. Yawan amfanin gona yana da kusan ton 30-35 a kowace hectare, amma ta hanyar yin gwaje-gwaje tare da nau'ikan mutum ɗaya, na ninka wannan adadi. Na farko da na biyu ne kawai aka aika don siyarwa, kuma daga cikin masu siye akwai masu shuka kayan lambu daga duk yankin Asiya ta Tsakiya. Ɗaya daga cikin al'adun da aka kiyaye a cikin ƙasar ta Chui Valley ta ƙunshi amfani da manyan tubers don dasa amfanin gona. Masu sana’a suna yanka irin wannan dankalin zuwa sassa da yawa, kamar yadda kakanninmu suka yi shekaru 150 da suka shige, waɗanda suka ce: “Idan kuka shuka babban dankalin turawa, zai girma.” Don haka, Ina ƙoƙarin girma tsaba na juzu'i 6+. An gina wurin ajiyar kayan lambu a gonakin a zamanin Soviet, amma yana magance aikinsa da kyau. Anan, kafin farkon sabon kakar, yawanci ana samun kusan tan 500-600 na kayan iri don bukatunmu.
Duk da cewa sarrafa dankalin turawa a yankin tsakiyar Asiya gabaɗaya ba shi da haɓaka sosai, akwai gonakin da suka kware a wannan yanki.
"Kamfanin mu ya bayyana a cikin 1997 a matsayin karamin bita don samar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta, wanda ma'aurata Joseph da Nina Menhus suka bude," in ji babban darektan gonar Kirby. Alexander Kolodyazhny. – Ganawar da suka yi bayan ‘yan shekaru tare da mai kamfanin Agrarfrost, wanda ke gudanar da aikin sarrafa dankalin turawa a Jamus, ya zama mai kaddara. Reinold Stover ya yanke shawarar tallafawa abokan aikinsa na farko ta hanyar samar da kayan aikin fasaha don noman dankali da iri na nau'in da ake buƙata. An aika babban masanin aikin gona na kamfanin, Jürgen Bruer, zuwa gona kuma ya koya mana yadda ake noman dankalin turawa. Kuma a yau kamfanin namu yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka kware a harkar noma da sarrafa dankali a cikin jamhuriyar. Daga wani yanki mai girman hekta 150 muna samun albarkatun kasa don masana'antar mu da ke samar da guntu da bambaro. An ware wasu 50 don samar da iri. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin gona ya haura tan 40 a kowace kadada. Kuma karfin ajiyarmu yana ba mu damar adana kayan amfanin gona ba tare da asarar inganci ba har zuwa girbi na gaba.
Yiwuwar da ba a iya amfani da shi ba
A cikin yankunan ƙasa na Jamhuriyar, wanda yake a tsayin mita dubu 1,5-3,2 sama da matakin teku, ana samun mafi kyawun yanayi don dankali iri. Ko da a lokacin rani mai zafi, yanayin ya kasance mai sanyi a nan kuma babu kwari da ke dauke da cututtuka.
"Abin takaici, a yau a Kyrgyzstan babu aikin kiwo, babu dakin gwaje-gwaje na in vitro," in ji bayanin kula. Kayyrkul Kazylaeva. – Gonaki na musamman, waɗanda za a iya ƙidayar su a hannu ɗaya, suna siyan kayan fitattu a Turai, a ninka su kuma a sayar da su ga masu kera dankalin turawa. Suna ba da iri na farkon, tsakiyar farko da kuma marigayi iri don kasuwannin cikin gida da samfuran fitarwa.
- A bara, an shigo da kusan ton dubu na manyan mutane cikin kasar, in ji Alexander Kolodyazhny. – Irin wannan isarwa ana gudanar da su akai-akai, amma ina ganin muna buƙatar cibiyar samar da iri na farko. Wannan yanayi ne mai matukar fa'ida kuma zai yi wahala a yi gogayya da samfuran da aka rigaya a kasuwa. Amma idan ba tare da zaɓi na cikin gida da iri na gida masu amfani ba, ba za mu sami nasara da gaske ba.
"Muna siyan kayan iri na fitattu a cikin Netherlands," in ji shi ya ba da labarin kwarewarsa Kurmanbek Otorov, - kuma a Rasha, a cikin yankin Krasnodar. Sa'an nan kuma mu yada a cikin filayen mu har zuwa na farko da na biyu haifuwa. Gane babban alhakin da muke da shi, muna bin duk hanyoyin fasaha. Masu duba sau da yawa suna ziyartar gona kuma suna gudanar da gwaji da takaddun shaida na samfuran. Har ila yau, mun dauki nauyin yada amfani da ingancin iri da kuma gudanar da taron horarwa ga manoma.
Hanyar zuwa injina
Asiya ta tsakiya na ɗaya daga cikin yankunan da ba za a iya samun riba mai yawa a harkar noma ba tare da ƙarin ban ruwa ba. Musamman idan ana maganar amfanin gona mai son danshi.
"A yankinmu, kusan babu abin da ke girma ba tare da shayarwa ba," in ji bayanin kula Alexander Kolodyazhny. – Yana da kyau a sarrafa aikin ban ruwa: yayyafawa ko ɗigo. Mun yi nasarar amfani da tsarin biyu, amma a halin yanzu mun watsar da "digo". Hanya ce mai tsananin aiki da tsadar gaske a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanzu. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, muna amfani da injunan ban ruwa mai fa'ida ta tsakiya.
"Aiki a cikin yanayi mai zafi yana da nasa halaye," ya tabbatar Kurmanbek Otorov. - Muna gudanar da ban ruwa ta hanyar amfani da coil na filin, muna zubar da ruwa a cikin tsarin ban ruwa daga tafkunan da ke kusa. Har ila yau, ana amfani da hanyar hannu, ta amfani da ramuka. Ba duk gonaki ba, musamman kanana, ke iya samun kayan aikin ban ruwa. Don haka wannan abin girmamawa ne ga al'ada.
"Ina da tsarin samar da iri na," in ji ta Umar Sheshanlo, - wanda ke buƙatar shayarwa na wajibi da wasu ayyukan noma. Ni ƙwararren masanin aikin gona ne kuma ina aiwatar da hanyoyin da ba daidai ba don shuka dankali. Don haka, lokacin da ake shirya ban ruwa, koyaushe ina neman ingantattun hanyoyin da za su taimaka ƙara yawan aiki.
Batun aikin injiniyoyin noma a Kyrgyzstan, inda har yanzu aikin hannu ke yaɗuwa, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙaranci. Masu shuka shuki suna siyan injuna da raka'a masu mahimmanci, amma la'akari da damar kuɗin su.
"Kayan aikin noman dankali a gona galibin Rasha ne," in ji shi Kurmanbek Otorov. - Yana da araha kuma yana biyan duk bukatunmu. Har ila yau, akwai tarakta na Belarushiyanci da na Turkiyya: mai yankan noma da mai fesa.
"Kayan aiki, filin da kayan ajiya don samar da dankalin turawa a gonarmu suna wakiltar mafita daga manyan kamfanoni na Yamma," in ji shi. Alexander Kolodyazhny. - Ba mu ga wasu zaɓuɓɓuka dangane da inganci da aminci a kasuwar duniya.
"Muna da mai shuka dankalin turawa da dankalin turawa," in ji bayanin kula Umar Sheshanlo, - amma ana tattara tubers daga ƙasa da hannu. Ma’aikatan da ke wurin sun raba su zuwa nau’ukan da kaso don sayar da kayayyakin kai tsaye daga filin. Wannan ya fi riba fiye da ɗaukar girbin zuwa ɗakin ajiya, a jera shi a can kuma a adana shi har zuwa bazara. Tabbas, akwai sha'awar siyan ƙarin kayan aikin zamani, amma wannan yana buƙatar saka hannun jari mai mahimmanci.
Ta hanyar cin nasara
"Don ci gaban ƙananan masana'antu a cikin jamhuriyar, haɗin gwiwa tsakanin manoma ya zama dole," in ji shi Alexander Kolodyazhny. – Da farko, wannan shi ne saboda da peculiarities na amfanin ƙasa. A sakamakon garambawul, an raba kusan hekta miliyan guda na filayen noma zuwa hannun jari. Mafi yawan filayen sun shiga hannun masu zaman kansu ta hanyar kananan faci, kuma a wasu lokuta har kananan gonaki 100 suna aiki a kan kadada 200. To, ta yaya za a warware batutuwan da suka shafi gina ababen more rayuwa, da tsara ban ruwa, da dai sauransu? Ta hanyar haɗin kai kawai.
"Daga cikin abubuwan da aka iyakance akwai matsaloli wajen aiwatarwa," in ji Umar Sheshanlo. – Wakilan kasuwancin kasashen waje sun ziyarci gonakinmu fiye da sau daya kuma sun lura da ingancin iri da ake nomawa a nan. Muna ƙoƙarin yin aiki ta hanyar da za ta iya sha'awar yawancin manoma daga ƙasashe daban-daban. Amma a wannan matakin ba mu da kayan aikin haɓaka samfuri na cikakken sikelin.
"Har yanzu akwai matsaloli da yawa a cikin noman dankalin turawa," in ji jihohi Kayyrkul Kazylaeva. - Don magance su, muna yin hulɗa tare da hukumomi kuma muna jawo hankalin ƙwararrun masana kasuwa masu iko. Misali, muna ba da haɗin kai tare da AgroWay Holding, wanda ke yin aikin noman dankalin turawa kuma yana ba da sabis na tuntuɓar a fannin aikin gona.
Ƙungiya ta jagoranci
Ƙungiyar tagulla "Dankali KR" ta bayyana a cikin 2022 akan yunƙurin kamfanonin noma na gida, ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar da manyan manoma. "An ƙirƙiri tarin dankalin turawa ne don tabbatar da wadatar abinci na jamhuriyar," in ji bayanin Kaiyrkul Kazylaeva, - haɓaka gasa ta hanyar haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa, haɓaka ingancin kayan aikin gona, rage farashi ga manoma ta hanyar gabatar da mafi kyawun ayyuka na duniya. Kungiyar tana kallon aikinta a matsayin yin katsalandan da kare muradun mambobinta a fannin dokoki, haraji da kasuwanni.
Tarin ya haɗa kan mahalarta fiye da 200 a duk faɗin ƙasar, gami da masu kera samfuran kasuwanci da kayan iri. A kowace shekara suna samar da har zuwa tan dubu 100 na dankalin tebur da wasu ton dubu biyar na iri na farko da na biyu haifuwa.
"Muna ci gaba da tuntuɓar masu kula da tari," in ji Alexander Kolodyazhny.- Ƙwarewar waɗannan mutane da sha'awar canje-canje masu kyau suna ƙarfafa girmamawa. Sun yi nasarar tsarawa tare da hada kan manoma, wadanda suka saba wa saniyar ware, don cimma muradun kowa.
"Jamhuriyar tana da damammaki masu yawa a fannin noma," na tabbata Kayyrkul Kazylaeva. - Za mu iya cika bukatun mu na dankalin turawa da tsaba (a yanzu nau'ikan zaɓin ƙasashen waje ne). Tabbatar da fitar da su zuwa Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Rasha da sauran ƙasashe. Akwai ayyuka da yawa da za a yi, amma wannan ba ya ba mu tsoro.
"Shekaru zuwa shekara muna yin aiki don inganta yadda ake noma da kuma kara yawan amfanin gona," in ji shi Kurmanbek Otorov. - Na san cewa muna da kyakkyawan fata na gaba. Akwai manyan kasuwanni a kusa da mu waɗanda ke buƙatar samfuranmu, kuma a shirye muke mu yi aiki tuƙuru don mu ci su.
Irina Berg