A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na Rasha sun nuna tasirin ci gaba mai ban sha'awa. Koyaya, noman kowane kayan lambu yana cike da matsaloli da yawa, mafi gaggawa shine yaƙi da cututtukan da ke haifar da mummunar illa ga amfanin gonar. Shin kayayyakin kariya daga amfanin gona a kasuwa na iya tabbatar da nasara a wannan yakin?
RAYUWAR GARGA WARI NA HANKALI
Matsala ta farko da masu kera kayan lambu na cikin gida ke fuskanta ita ce rashin wadatattun kayan kariya na tsire-tsire da aka rajista a Rasha. Idan har guda daya tak da aka yi rajista a hukumance don kare tafarnuwa, shin zai yiwu a magance dukkan matsalolin girma wannan amfanin gona da kuma tabbatar da yawan amfanin ƙasa? Masu ƙera sauran kayan lambu, musamman, karas, suma suna fuskantar iyakantattun ƙwayoyi.
Kar mu manta fa yawancin amfanin gona suna da wuyar aiwatarwa. Kabeji da albasa suna da kakin zuma wanda ke hana shigar ƙwayoyi a cikin zurfin tsire-tsire, don dankali, ganyaye masu ƙarfi suna tsoma baki tare da sarrafawa, kuma ga albasa da tafarnuwa, kunkuntar da santsi na ganye.
Dole ne a yaƙi mafi yawan cututtuka da kwari da hanyoyin rigakafi. Hanawa, ba magancewa, alamun cututtukan da suka riga sun bayyana shine hanya mafi kyau don kare amfanin gona na kayan lambu.
A saboda haka, yakamata a sami mahimmancin matakan kariya da nufin rage haɗarin cutar da gano alamun ta a farkon matakin farko. Amma game da rigakafin haɗarin, yakamata a kula sosai da ingancin jiyya da lokacinsu. Ba za ku iya rayar da sakamakon cututtukan da aka yi amfani da su ba a cikin al'adar da ta gabata.
Kuma, hakika, zaɓi na iri da kuma hybrids dole ne ya zama ya isa ga ƙasar da ta kasance da yanayin yanayi da zaɓaɓɓen dabarun kariya na agrochemical.
KARATU - BISA HADARI
Ta yaya za a kiyaye karas daga cuta? Da farko, yana yiwuwa a rage haɗarin cututtukan har ma a matakin fara shuka iri. Magungunan Syngenta kamar APRON® da MAXIM® sun dace sosai da wannan. Godiya ga aiki ta amfani da fasahar FarMore, ana kiyaye tsaba daga cikakkiyar yanayin filayen ƙasa.
Bugu da ƙari, don rage haɗarin ci gaban ruɓewa, ya zama dole a guji yawan ƙwayoyin nitrogen da gishiri a cikin ƙasa, ƙuntataccen ƙasa da samuwar ɓawon burodi, rashin isasshen iska a cikin yankin tushen, lalacewar inji ga tushen ko abin wuya. Kuma babban kayan gwari don karas ya zama CIDELI ™ TOP, magani ne mai fa'ida daga Syngenta, wanda aka yi rijista a kasuwar Rasha a cikin 2019. Amfani da shi sabon tsari ne wanda ya dogara da lactic acid, wanda ke tabbatar da cikakken shigar ƙwayoyi a cikin shuka. Don haka, mafi mahimmancin kaddarorin CIDELI ™ TOP sun haɗa da sake rarrabawa da shiga cikin wuraren da ke da wahalar fesawa. Wannan ya samu ne sakamakon aikin iskar gas na magani. Aikin translaminar na kayan gwari yana da ƙarfi sosai.
Baya ga yin la’akari da kowane irin haɗarin, mai samar da kayan lambu dole ne ya san abin da cututtukan suke halayyar amfanin gonar da ya shuka; wane yanayi ne mafi dacewa don ci gaban cututtukan cuta; sami damar sanin alamun cutar kuma, ba shakka, zaɓi ingantacciyar hanyar magance ta. Cututtuka masu zuwa suna da haɗari sosai ga karas:
- Cututtuka na seedlings (tushen ci). Bayyanar cututtuka: lalata da tushe da gwiwa a cikin ƙwayar cuta. Da farko ya nuna kanta a cikin nau'in gilashin gilashin ruwan hoda ko launin ruwan kasa, to sai ya shimfida ya kuma samar da tsinkaye na shekara. Daga karshe, tushen ya bushe kuma shuka ya mutu. Pathogens: Pythium violae, P. sulcatum, P. Ultimate, coloratum, Rhizoctonia sp., Fusarium sp., Alternaria dauci, A. radicina.
- Powdery Mildew Kwayar cutar ta bambanta a cikin nau'ikan daban-daban: Leveillula taurica, L. Lanuginose yana bayyanar da bayyanar rafuffukan rawaya mai launin rawaya a cikin ganyayyaki, a bayan sa wanda wani farin launi mai ruɓi ya bayyana, bayan wannan ganye ya bushe. Cikakken wakili Erysiphe umbelliferarum kai tsaye yana samar da farin shafi a saman ganye na. Pathogens: Erysiphe umbelliferarum, Leveillula taurica, L. Lanuginose.
- Karin karas. Bayyanar cututtuka: asarar tumatir, mutuwar fi, tsirar albarkatu masu tushe. Pathogens: Alternaria dauci, A. radicina.
- Farar ƙasa. Bayyanar cututtuka: samuwar a kan ganyayyaki (da tushe na petiole) na launin ruwan kasa mai duhu 5-10 mm a diamita. Wani farin mycelium na naman gwari yana bayyana a gindin ganye, yana shafar amfanin gona, sannan aka kafa sclerotia 5-10 mm. Hadarin da ke tattare da fararen fararen fata shine cewa an sake buɗe tushen albarkatu masu kyau a cikin ɗakunan ajiya. Pathogen: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
Waɗannan su ne manyan hanyoyin haɗari ga karas, suna barazanar lalacewa mai mahimmanci ga amfanin gona. Tsarin kariya mai inganci ya haɗa da matakan tsukewa da yawa ta amfani da magunguna na zamani. Abin farin ciki, ana gabatar da sabbin wakilai na kariya ga tsirrai zuwa kasuwar Rasha, wanda hakan ya ba wa masu saurin girki damar kammala wannan aikin. Don haka, a cikin 2019 da 2020, Syngenta yana kammala tsarin yin rajista don shirye-shirye da dama don kare kayan amfanin gona na abin da ake kira "kayan lambu": RIDOMIL® GOLD R, ZIDELI® TOP, EFORIYA®, BOXER®, AMPLIGO®.
Ana iya faɗi ba tare da ƙarin gishiri ba cewa godiya ga wannan, ɗayan matsalolin matsalolin kariyar karas - ƙarancin keɓaɓɓun kayayyakin kariya na tsire - yana daf da warwarewa.
ZIDELI ™ TOP yana da manyan kayan abinci guda biyu. Dayan mutum zai shiga cikin ganye, daga nan kuma ya girma cikin tsarin naman gwari, inda yake katse kwayar halittar jikin kwayar halitta, a sakamakon hakan, aikin sel na yau da kullun ya lalace kuma naman gwari ya mutu. Wani abu yana hana samuwar apressoria, haɓakar mycelium, samuwar spores da kuma ci gaban mazauna.
Hanya mafi kyau don amfani da CIDELI ™ TOP shine ta hanyar fesawa lokacin girma. Yawan amfani - 0,8-1.0 l / ha, amfani da ruwa mai aiki 200-300 l / ha. Inganci a cikin amfani da kariya (kafin kamuwa da al'adu) - kusan 100% har zuwa kwanaki 14; Sakamakon ya kasance barga har zuwa kwanaki 11 bayan aikace-aikace. Babban kuskuren masu kera shine aiwatar da jiyya a gaban bayyanar alamun cutar akan mafi yawan shuke-shuke. Irin wannan amfani da kayan gwari yana ƙara haɗarin maganin ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta.
Jerin magungunan da ZIDELI ™ TOP ya dace ya cika sosai. Tare da haɗuwa da ta dace, irin waɗannan ingantattun tasirin ana nuna su a matsayin faɗaɗa nau'ikan cututtukan da aka hana, karuwa a cikin aikin don sarrafa cututtuka a cikin yanayin epiphytotic, da kuma juriya. Af, haɗarin juriya a cikin cututtukan manyan cututtukan karas lokacin amfani da wannan fungicide yana da ƙanƙanci. Wani muhimmin al'amari: ZIDELI ™ TOP ba shi da phytotoxicity lokacin amfani da kowane alluran maganin. Babu matsala ga amfanin gona da kayan lambu iri biyu.
Don haka, bayan bayyanar miyagun ƙwayoyi ZIDELI ™ TOP akan kasuwar Rasha, matsaloli da yawa na cututtukan karas zasu kasance da sauƙin sauƙaƙe. Wannan fungicide ba kawai yana kare karas ba, yana taimaka haɓaka yawan aiki da ribar aikin agribusiness gabaɗaya.
Shugaban masana kwararru a al'adun musamman na Syngenta Olga Voblova:
- Lokacin shuka karas da aka yi niyya don adanawa na dogon lokaci, yana da matukar mahimmanci a guji damuwa wanda ke hana girma da ci gaban shukar. In ba haka ba, tsarin ilimin lissafi ba zai ƙare a cikin tushen amfanin gona ba, kuma karas ɗin za a adana shi da kyau. Wannan wani dalili ne na ba da kulawa ta musamman ga yin riga-kafi da sarrafa cututtukan karas, kazalika da zaɓar magungunan da suka dace a hankali.
Syngenta a yanzu haka tana yin rijistar ganyen BOXER® don amfani akan karas da albasa. Ina so in jaddada cewa a kan wadannan albarkatun, ba kamar dankali ba, ana amfani da BOXER® azaman maganin kashe ciyawar zamani, kuma ana samun inganci mafi inganci tare da amfani da kason kashi (2-2,5 l / ha a kowane ci). Tare da wannan amfani, muna amfani da mafi kyawun darajar BOXER® herbicide - ikon lalata layin kakin zuma akan tsire-tsire. Ta hanyar yin tankin hadawa tare da maganin kashe ciyawar da aka riga aka samu a kasuwa, yana yiwuwa a fadada kewayon ciyawar da aka danne da kuma rage yawan shan kwayoyi wadanda ke hana shuke-shuke shuka, kuma ta haka ne zai rage illolin akan amfanin gona.