Lokacin sanyin dusar ƙanƙara ya ceci wani adadi mai yawa na amfanin gona na hunturu waɗanda ke fama da bushewar yanayi a cikin bazara. Yawan danshi a cikin bazara zai kasance na al'ada ga yawancin yankuna na Rasha. Kwararru daga kamfanin na Agusta, mafi girman masana'antun Rasha na samfuran kariyar shuka, lura cewa a cikin 2021 akwai abubuwan da ake buƙata don tsawan bazara, lokacin da jinkirin narkewar murfin dusar ƙanƙara da ƙasa mai sanyi na iya raunana seedlings. Shuka amfanin gona a cikin yanayin ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki ba su da kariya daga yawancin phytopathogens. Ga kowane amfanin gona, saboda cututtukan su da yanayin yanayi, yana yiwuwa a rasa kusan kashi 20% na yawan amfanin ƙasa, idan ba a ɗauki matakan ciyar da tsire-tsire ba cikin lokaci.
A farkon Maris, Cibiyar Roshydrometeorological ta inganta hasashen amfanin gona na hunturu: idan a farkon lokacin hunturu an kiyasta rabon amfanin gona mara kyau da marasa tasowa a matsayin kashi ɗaya cikin biyar na duk wuraren da ke ƙarƙashin amfanin gona na hunturu, yanzu ya gaza kashi goma. : Ruwan sanyi na hunturu ya inganta yanayin sosai.
"Sauye-sauyen yanayi na yanayi da muke gani suna da ban mamaki da gaske kuma suna shafar dukan duniya," in ji Dmitry Belov, shugaban sashen bunkasa samfurori na kamfanin na Agusta. - A wannan lokacin hunturu, za mu iya lura da dusar ƙanƙara a ko'ina cikin ƙasar, daga kudu zuwa Siberiya, ba tare da ambaton yanayin daskarewa a wani gefen duniyar ba - misali, a Texas. Ya kamata a lura cewa kaka na karshe ya kasance mai matukar damuwa ga manoman kudu da kuma wani ɓangare na yankunan tsakiya na Rasha. Saboda fari, sun fuskanci tambaya: jira danshi da shuka daga baya, ko shuka a baya, amma zurfafa shuka. A cikin akwati na biyu, ana ba da tsire-tsire tare da danshi, amma suna da ƙananan dama don tillering kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, za su iya samar da tushe guda ɗaya kawai. Yanzu, bayan dusar ƙanƙara, mun ga cewa zurfin shuka a cikin waɗanda yankuna inda yawanci babu wani abu don overwinter hunturu amfanin gona bai sa hankali, marigayi shuka ya sami damar ci gaba da kuma, ta haka ne, za mu iya riga magana game da yiwuwar al'ada girbi. Duk da haka, yana da matukar wahala a iya hasashen irin wannan yanayin a lokacin yaƙin neman zaɓe na kaka ”.
Kamar yadda masana na "Agusta" bayanin kula, ba kawai game da hazo ba. Iska da sanyi yawanci suna taka rawa - dusar ƙanƙara daga filayen a cikin irin wannan yanayi na iya hura cikin ramuka da kwazazzabo. Duk da haka, a wannan lokacin sanyi yanayin yana gefen manoma. Misali, a yankin Stavropol, inda aka fara lullube tsakiyar yankin da dusar ƙanƙara, sannan kuma yankin gabashi mafi bushewa, a cikin kwanciyar hankali yanayin zafi ya ƙaru, wani ɓawon ƙanƙara ya samu, kuma iska mai ƙarfi ta daina yin barazana. zuwa filayen. Dusar ƙanƙarar da ta rage a kansu, lokacin da ta narke, za ta iya cika ƙasa. Low yanayin zafi a cikin Central Federal District (misali, digo a cikin ma'aunin zafi da sanyio zuwa -37 ° C a yankin Tula) kuma bai lalata alkama na hunturu ba: tsayin murfin dusar ƙanƙara a wannan lokacin ya kai mita a nan kuma ya kare amfanin gona. Hakanan ya shafi yankin Tsakiyar Baƙar fata ta Tsakiya, Yankin Tarayya na Arewa maso Yamma, Siberiya da galibin yankuna na Rasha. Jamhuriyar Tatarstan, Altai Territory da sauran yankuna tare da yanayin yanayi na nahiyar sun tsira daga yanayin hunturu na yau da kullun - ba tare da mummunan yanayi ba kuma tare da ruwan sama na yau da kullun. Waɗannan sharuɗɗan sun riga sun ƙirƙira sharuɗɗan don samun amfanin gona na yau da kullun (har zuwa 30 cents a kowace hectare). Amma karuwar yawan aiki zai dogara ne akan ruwan sama na rani, tun da a al'adar danshi yana da ƙarancin wadata a nan. Kamar yadda shekarar 2020 ta nuna, masu noman da suka damu da matakan da suka shafi kiyaye danshi, kamar sauya sheka zuwa mafi karancin noman noma, yin amfani da amfanin gonakin noma, da adana ragowar amfanin gona, za su sami fa'ida.
Duk da haka, saboda fari na kaka, agrarians da suka shuka fyade na hunturu sun sami kansu a cikin wani yanayi na rashin tabbas: idan alkama na hunturu a cikin irin wannan yanayi na iya jira ko shiga karkashin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin lokaci na "slope", overwinter da girma, to, fyade sau da yawa. ya mutu a irin wannan yanayi. Rabon da "ɓatattu" yankunan karkashin shuka na hunturu fyade a cikin Kudancin Tarayya District na iya zama game da 50%, da kuma batun reseeding za a yanke shawarar ba kawai da manoma a kudancin yankunan, amma kuma da wasu gonaki a cikin yankin. Gundumomin Arewa maso Yamma da ta Tsakiya. Gabaɗaya, masana na kamfanin "Agusta" sun annabta cewa acreage na rapeseed a Rasha zai ci gaba da girma, amma ba da sauri kamar yadda a cikin shekaru 5 da suka wuce: a cikin yankuna da dama, manoma za su fi son shuka sunflower ko flax mai maimakon. , wanda ya nuna babban riba bayan girbi na 2020 shekara.
Wannan bazara na iya tsawaita a yankuna da yawa. Idan ƙasa ta yi zafi a hankali, lokacin shuka zai canza ko kuma zai fada cikin lokutan sanyi, wanda kuma zai iya shafar yuwuwar amfanin gona. A bara, masu noman dankalin turawa sun fuskanci irin wannan matsala, kuma ana iya maimaita wannan yanayin. Lokacin da aka dasa shi a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi, cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da na fungal, waɗanda ke mamaye wani muhimmin sashi na kayan iri, za su haɓaka cikin sauri, kuma a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi, jiyya na fungicides na tubers da kansu da dasa shuki zai kasance da mahimmanci.
Dangane da faɗuwar dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa, manoma kuma na iya fuskantar irin wannan matsala kamar daskare amfanin gona na hunturu. Rufin dusar ƙanƙara ba ya tafi a cikin rana ɗaya, tare da sanyi na dare, samuwar ɓawon burodi zai yiwu, kuma idan a wannan lokacin seedlings sun riga sun haɓaka haɓakawa, ciyarwa da numfashi, to, tsarin cin abinci na gina jiki na shuka. kanta yana tafiya da sauri, yayin da a ƙananan zafin jiki amfani da su ta tushen tsarin yana da iyaka. A kan raunanan amfanin gona na hunturu, dusar ƙanƙara, mold typhulosis, da sclerotinosis suna tasowa daga ƙarƙashin murfin dusar ƙanƙara. Babban zafi yana haifar da yanayi don bayyanar powdery mildew da nau'ikan rot iri-iri akan amfanin gona na hunturu da bazara. A cikin yankin Krasnodar, gonaki da yawa sun riga sun fara ciyar da amfanin gonakin hunturu don hana raunin su.
Amfanin amfanin gona na sha'ir a cikin yanayin bazara mai tsayi suna barazanar kamuwa da cututtuka irin su tabo mai launin ruwan kasa da tabo, kuma don hana haɓakar kamuwa da cuta, ya kamata a aiwatar da maganin fungicidal na farko na seedlings a matakin farko - kafin, misali, wajen alkama.
Dmitry Belov ya ce "A cikin 2020, wasu yankuna na Rasha sun sami girbi mai yawa a karon farko, ciki har da ta hanyar kara yawan gonaki," in ji Dmitry Belov. - A cikin kaka, mun sake lura da yanayin haɓakawa a yankin da ke ƙarƙashin amfanin gona na hunturu. Har ila yau, yawan amfanin gona a kowace kadada yana girma, kuma tare da la'akari da yiwuwar nau'o'in iri da yawa, da kuma yanayin yanayi, lokacin da yanayi mai kyau ga noma, tare da dumamar yanayi, yana motsawa zuwa arewa, ya zama dole a kara yawan jiyya tare da wakili da cututtuka na shuka - fungicides. Bayan haka, cututtuka a cikin sabbin yanayi su ma sun fara ci gaba."
Ga kowane amfanin gona, saboda cututtukan su da yanayin yanayi, yana yiwuwa a rasa kusan kashi 20% na yawan amfanin ƙasa, idan ba a ɗauki matakan ciyar da tsire-tsire ba cikin lokaci. Amma ga kwari, da dusar ƙanƙara cover, wanda kiyaye amfanin gona, kuma bayar da m wintering yanayi ga kwari manya da pupae. Har ila yau, masana sun lura cewa adadin irin wadannan kwari kamar kabeji asu ya ragu a shekarar 2020, gaba daya, yanayin rayuwar jama'arta yana raguwa, kuma a bana bai kamata ya haifar da babbar matsala ga masu noma ko masu kiwon zuma da aka tilasta musu ba. don iyakance tashin kwari.lokacin sarrafa filayen.
“Ina so in yi fatan a wannan shekara za mu ketare sanyi na Afrilu a yankin Kudancin Tarayya, saboda yana barazanar lalata albarkatun noman hunturu na hunturu, da kuma buds a cikin gonakin apple, wanda ke yin mummunan tasiri ga inganci da yawa. apples kuma, daidai da haka, farashin su a nan gaba." , - in ji Dmitry Belov.
Daga cikin abubuwan da ka iya shafar girbin a kaikaice, masana sun ce bullo da kaso da haraji kan fitar da alkama da hatsi da masara da sha'ir da kuma irin mai. Tuni dai manoma da kwararru da dama suka sanar da yiwuwar raguwa a yankin da ke karkashin hatsi. Koyaya, alkama a cikin kamfanonin noma na Rasha yana da kashi 50% ko sama da haka na duk wuraren da aka shuka, kuma a cikin 2021 za a rage dakin motsa manyan manoma saboda wuraren shakatawa na injunan noma na musamman da kayan aiki, abubuwan jujjuya amfanin gona da sauran su. dalilai. Amma a nan gaba, ƙuntatawar kasuwa na iya yin tasiri mai tsanani akan tsarin amfanin gona.
Farashin kayayyakin kayan lambu a cikin lokacin noma na 2020/2021 na iya shafar matsalolin motsin ma'aikatan kasashen waje zuwa filayen Rasha sakamakon barkewar cutar sankara. "Idan akwai abubuwan da ake bukata don wannan, zan ba da shawarar a tura dalibai zuwa fannonin jami'o'in aikin gona, ciki har da dukkan jami'o'i, - kamar yadda suke cewa, don jin warin bindiga," in ji Dmitry Belov. "Irin wannan aikin filin, bi da bi, na iya zama wani yunƙuri don haɓaka sabbin abubuwa: ƙwararrun masana nan gaba, ganin yadda aikin mai aikin gona ke da wahala, za su yi tunanin yadda za a sauƙaƙe da inganta shi."