A cikin yanayin sauye-sauyen yanayi, yankuna na yankin Tsakiyar Black Earth, Rasha ta Tsakiya da ma yankin Arewa maso yammacin Tarayyar Turai sun fara taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa masana'antun noma na Rasha. Sakamakon karuwar girbi a cikin waɗannan yankuna, alamomin Rasha duka don girbi hatsi (wanda ya riga ya wuce tan miliyan 130) ya zarce matakin 2019 (kimanin tan miliyan 120), duk da lalacewar fari da sanyi a Gundumar Tarayya ta Kudu. . Masana na kamfanin "Agusta", babban masana'antun da ke samar da kayan kariya na sinadarai a Rasha, sun yi hasashen karuwar yawan adadin hatsi da albarkatun mai. Hakanan ana samun sauƙin hakan ta hanyar tsadar kayan amfanin gona a kasuwannin duniya.
Kamar yadda aka gani a cikin kamfanin "Agusta", a kan ma'auni na kasa, rashin nasarar amfanin gona a yankunan kudancin an biya su ta hanyar karuwar yawan amfanin ƙasa a yankunan Tsakiyar Black Earth da kuma tsakiyar Rasha gaba daya - alal misali, a Voronezh, Tambov. Lipetsk, Moscow, Bryansk, Smolensk, Tula yankuna.
"Abin da ake sa ran amfanin gona bai samu ba a yankunan Stavropol da Krasnodar, wani bangare na yankin Rostov, duk da cewa ta fuskar girbin hatsi har yanzu ya zama yankin da ke kan gaba a kasar (ton miliyan 11,7 na hatsi a shekarar 2020 a kan fiye da tan miliyan 12). 2019). Za a kula da jagoranci a cikin kuɗin babban yanki; Bugu da kari, ta hanyar 2020 yankin da aka shuka ya karu a nan - musamman, a karkashin amfanin gona na hunturu, - sharhi Dmitry Belov, shugaban sashen ci gaban samfur na kamfanin "Agusta". - Gabaɗaya, muna lura da yanayin "canza" amfanin gona shekaru da yawa. A al'adance, yankunan chernozem sun bambanta da yanayin gabaɗaya, musamman, na kudanci - saboda ƙarin ƙasa mai laushi. Duk da haka, bayan sauyin yanayi, muna ganin karuwar yawan amfanin gona, alal misali, a yankunan Bryansk, Moscow, Tver da Yaroslavl, a Arewa maso Yamma. An sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar gabatar da fasahohin aikin gona na zamani - tare da amfani da takin mai magani da kayan kariya na shuka, sake yin amfani da wuraren shakatawa na fasaha, amfani da sababbin nau'ikan kasuwanci. Daga cikin rijiyoyin da aka fara aiki da farko a cikin granaries na Rasha, yanzu ana iya ganin yanayin shiga irin waɗannan yankuna kuma. Kuma da Stavropol Territory da makwabta yankuna, a ƙarshe za mu fara gane, in mun gwada da magana, kamar yadda Spain, wato, a matsayin yankin da m fasahar noma za a hade da farko tare da wucin gadi ban ruwa."
Wani karin taka-tsantsan da masu noman noma ke yi game da girbi mai zuwa a yankin Kudancin Kudancin a yau ya samo asali ne sakamakon yadda fari ke ci gaba da yin shuka a lokacin shukar noman hunturu. Duk da haka, halin da ake ciki na iya inganta har yanzu, kuma yawan danshi a cikin bazara ya kamata ya taka muhimmiyar rawa. Amma a tsakiyar Rasha, saboda sauyin yanayi, an rage haɗarin rashin yin amfani da amfanin gona na hunturu saboda ƙarancin yanayin zafi. Bisa ga hasashen masana "Agusta", ci gaban yankunan da aka yi watsi da su zai karu a cikin wadannan yankuna. Bugu da ƙari, an sauƙaƙe wannan ta hanyar tara kuɗi daga Rosselkhoznadzor don rashin amfani da ƙasar noma. Don haka, adadin irin wannan tarar yanzu an ƙayyade bisa ga ƙimar cadastral na rukunin yanar gizon, kuma idan bayan shekaru uku daga ranar da aka gano kan ƙasar da aka watsar babu abin da ya canza, dokar da ke yanzu ta ba da izinin kama su.
A lokaci guda kuma, farashin kayayyakin amfanin gona da yawa na iya tashi a cikin wannan shekara ko kuma sun riga sun ƙaru sosai. A cikin kasuwannin cikin gida, alal misali, a cikin 2020, zamu iya sake tsammanin karuwar farashin buckwheat: masana sun lura cewa wannan ba ya danganta da ko dai rashin girbi, ko tare da karuwar buƙata, ko kuma tare da farashi a kasuwannin duniya. Matsayin da aka yi a nan yana taka rawa ta hanyar "swing" na yau da kullum don al'adun da aka ba da shi: lokacin da aka girbe buckwheat da kyau kuma samfurin yana samuwa a kasuwa da yawa, farashinsa ya fadi, saboda haka, manoma sun rage girman girman su, yawan adadin kuzari. samarwa a kasuwa yana raguwa, kuma farashin ya sake tashi. Irin wannan halin da ake ciki, ko da yake ba haka ba ne sananne ga karshen mabukaci, yana tasowa a kan kasuwar wake na Rasha. Idan aka kwatanta da ƙimar 2019, farashin siyar da masu samar da noma na waɗannan amfanin gona na iya girma sosai - ta 20-30%. Ya kamata a bambanta wannan alamar daga farashin tallace-tallace mai yiwuwa, inda kamfani mai tattara kaya, masu sayar da kayayyaki da sarƙoƙi na iya saita alamar kansu, kuma mafi girma.
Hakanan, saboda rashin girbi na gabaɗaya, farashin dankali ya tashi, albasa, karas da beets na iya tashi a farashi. Baya ga mafi kyawun yanayin yanayi don shuka kayan lambu a cikin 2020, ƙarancin ma'aikata, wanda gonakin suka fuskanta a lokacin noma, kuma mafi mahimmanci, yayin girbin samfuran, yakamata ya shafi farashin. Wani ƙarin abin da zai iya rinjayar farashin zai iya zama gina ɗakunan ajiya na zamani ta hanyar masu sana'a na noma, wanda ke ba da damar adana kayan amfanin gona masu kyau da kuma jiran farashin ya tashi - bayan ƙarshen cinikin jama'a "daga filin" da kuma daga ɗakunan ajiya na zamani waɗanda ba su ba da izini ba. samar da babban ingancin ajiya.
Wani yanayi na musamman yana tasowa a cikin 2020 tare da beets na sukari: saboda raguwar amfanin gona da amfanin gona, farashin siyar da sukari ya ninka fiye da ninki biyu idan aka kwatanta da matakin 2019. Haka kuma, saboda dadewa da ake samu na yawan sukarin da ake samu, har yanzu ana samun ra’ayin rage wurare, wanda sau da yawa yana tare da rufe masana’antar sukari ko kuma rashin amfani da su.
Dangane da kasuwannin duniya, saboda rashin girbin hatsi a yammacin Turai, an kafa farashi mai yawa ga alkama na Rasha. Bugu da kari, zuriyar fyade da sunflower suna kara tsada akai-akai.
"Farashin albarkatun mai da, musamman, sunflower a kasuwannin duniya suna haɓakawa ta hanyar karuwar amfani da ci gaba da haɓaka iyawar su: wannan ba abinci kawai ba ne, har ma masana'antar fenti da fenti, da biofuel a matsayin madadin sinadarai na petrochemicals. . Masu samar da noma sun fi mayar da hankali kan fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje, amma a lokaci guda, kamfanoni don sarrafa kayan amfanin gona na cikin gida suna haɓaka sosai a Rasha. Masu waɗannan wuraren, suna tabbatar da cewa an cika su da albarkatun ƙasa masu araha, suna goyan bayan kason fitar da kayayyaki. Idan mun riga mun lura da aikace-aikacen irin wannan ma'auni dangane da fitar da hatsi, to a cikin yanayin sunflower wannan na iya faruwa a karon farko, in ji Dmitry Belov. - Yana da ban sha'awa cewa sabanin haka shine dankali: da wuya mu fitar da shi, amma aikinmu na cikin gida kusan ba a haɓaka shi ba, don haka ana yin wani muhimmin ɓangare na fries na Faransanci da guntu a cikin ƙasa daga albarkatun ƙasa da aka shigo da su. A sa'i daya kuma, masu noman dankalin turawa, suna sa ran samun bunkasuwar masana'antu da ke aiki a kan albarkatun kasa."
A cikin tsarin waɗannan abubuwan da ke faruwa a Rasha, masana sun yi hasashen ƙarin karuwa a cikin yanki a ƙarƙashin hatsi, da kuma ƙarƙashin waken soya (ƙaramar kusan kashi 30 cikin 5 a cikin shekaru 3 da suka gabata) da kuma ƙarƙashin nau'in fyade (kusan sau ɗaya da rabi sama da lokaci guda). Yankin da ke ƙarƙashin amfanin gona na sunflower, bisa ga hasashen masana, zai kuma haɓaka, amma ba mai ƙarfi ba - da 5-XNUMX% a kowace shekara. Babu filaye da yawa da za a iya noman wannan amfanin gona, kuma rabon da yake samu a jumillar juyar da amfanin gona bai kamata ya yi yawa ba don gujewa matsalolin noma. Har ila yau, a bangaren manoma, an samu karuwar sha'awar bunkasa noman noma da ciyayi, wanda ake samun sauki ta hanyar bayar da tallafin shirye-shirye na wadannan yankuna, da kuma noman shinkafa - shi ma saboda tallafin shirye-shiryen noman ban ruwa.
“Gaskiya, ko menene manomi ya noma, a qarshe ya “girma” samun shiga da riba a kowace kadada. Sabili da haka, daga ra'ayi na ci gaban aikin gona, ba girman girbi da kansa ba ne mai ban sha'awa, amma samfurin wannan juzu'i ta farashin kasuwa, - in ji Mikhail Danilov, Daraktan Kasuwanci da Kasuwanci na kamfanin "Agusta" . "Kuma yana da kyau sosai idan wannan aikin ya wuce farashin farashi. Idan muka kimanta girbi daga wannan matsayi kuma ba a yi la'akari da wasu yankuna ko gundumomi da sanyi ko fari ya shafa ba, to a matsakaicin shekarar 2020 ta kasance shekara mai matukar nasara wajen noman amfanin gona. Idan muka magana game da taro amfanin gona, sa'an nan a wannan shekara za mu tsayar da biyu gagarumin girma na girbi da kuma mai kyau farashin. Don haka, a halin yanzu, za mu iya ɗauka cewa yanayin kuɗi na samar da amfanin gona yana bunƙasa yadda ya kamata, wanda zai ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka haɓakar noma, gami da yin amfani da kayayyakin kariya na shuka. Muna shirya don wannan: samar da duka kayan aikin da aka gama a masana'antunmu guda huɗu suna ci gaba bisa ga jadawalin da aka tsara, wanda zai dace da karuwar buƙatun magungunan kashe qwari a cikin 2021 a babbar kasuwar mu - kasuwar Tarayyar Rasha ".
Abubuwan da aka bayar ta sabis na latsa kamfanin "Agusta"