Kirkirar kayayyakin sitaci da sitaci na daga cikin bangarorin masana'antar sarrafa kayayyaki, wanda a kullun yana matukar jan hankali ga masu sauraron mujallar mu.
Ta yaya kasuwar dankalin turawa zai ci gaba? Shin akwai sabbin ayyukan? Wadanne canje-canje ake jira a masana'antu bayan barkewar cutar? Wadannan tambayoyin sun shafi masu karatu da yawa. Don amsoshi, mun juya ga Oleg Radin, Shugaba Ofungiyar masana'antun Rasha na masana'antar sitaci da masana'antun syrup Roskrakhmalpatoka.
Dankalin dankalin Turawa: buƙatu da samarwa a matakin barga
Production. Kawai 'yan kasuwancin yau suna samar da sitaci na dankalin Turawa a cikin Rasha: Poretsky Starch OJSC (Republic of Chuvashia), Chuvashenkrakhmal LLC (Chuvashia Republic), Mglinsky Starch Shuka LLC (Yankin Bryansk), Pleshcheevsky Starch Shuka (Oryol Yankin), Syrya sitaci shuka (yankin Nizhny Novgorod), SEC "Luck" (yankin Penza).
Kundin samar da kayayyaki a shekarar 2019, a cewar kungiyar, ya kai kimanin tan dubu 11,8, wanda ya yi matukar girma fiye da yadda yake (tan dubu 8,0 a shekarar 2018, tan 7,2 dubu a shekarar 2017) .
Koyaya, wannan adadin har yanzu bai isa ba ga kasuwannin gida: bisa ga ƙididdigar daban-daban, bukatun kamfanoni na Rasha sun rufe da kashi 30-50% kawai.
Shigo. An sayi babban yanki na dankalin turawa, a ƙasashen waje. Ka tuna cewa sitar dankalin turawa a al'adance ta fi yawancin kaso na shigo da kayayyaki, idan aka kwatanta da masara da alkama. Ainihin, yana zuwa Rasha daga Denmark, Jamhuriyar Belarus, Jamus, Faransa da Poland.
A cikin 2019, Rasha ta shigo da ton 14,3 na tumatir na sitaci a cikin dala miliyan 12,3 (wannan shine 38,0% ko tan miliyan 5,4 ƙasa da 2018, kuma 27,8% ko 3,9 dubu tan kasa da daidai wannan lokacin na shekarar 2017). Rage ragin kayan shigowa na iya zama saboda, alal misali, zuwa canji a tsarin samfuran kayan masarufi da sauyawa zuwa tauraron da aka gyara.
A shekara mai zuwa, ba mu yin rikodin canje-canje na kadinal a cikin wannan shugabanci ba. A farkon kwata na 2020, an shigo da ton dubu 2,1 na sitacin dankalin turawa cikin Rasha.
Babu mamaki, yawan dankalin dankalin Turawa da yake shigowa kasarmu daga kasashen ketare ba yayi yawa ba: babbar babbar masana'antar ta zamani (wacce zata iya sarrafa tan 1000 na rana / rana) zata iya maye gurbin ta da sama da kashi 70%. Amma a yanzu, hasungiyar ba ta da bayani game da shirye-shiryen haɓaka irin wannan aikin. Bugu da kari, dankali na nau'ikan fasaha (tare da babban kayan sitaci) ba kusan ba a girma a cikin ƙasar ba, yayin da mafita ga matsalar ya kamata ya zama cikakke kuma fara tare da narkar da albarkatun ƙasa na ingancin da ya dace.
Fitar da kaya. A shekara ta 2019, Rasha ta fitar da tan miliyan 3,9 na sitacin dankalin turawa na dala miliyan $ 2,6. Babban ƙasashe masu karɓa: Republic of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Tajikistan.
Gabaɗaya, ƙimar kasuwa a cikin 2019 ya kai tan 22,2 dubu tan, ko 53% na yawan buƙatun. A cikin 2018 - tan 28,9 dubu tan ko 31%, a cikin 2017, bi da bi, 27,6 dubu tan ko 30%.
Za'a iya sanin cewa buƙatun sitaci dankalin turawa ya ci gaba da kasancewa kamar wannan matakin tsawon shekaru. Dalilin ɓarna shine rauni na gaba ɗaya na tattalin arziki da kuma rashin haɓakar haɓakar abinci a kan wannan asalin. A lokaci guda, muhimmin sashi na kasuwar sitaci dankalin turawa shine masu samarwa - keɓaɓɓun entrepreneursan kasuwa (musamman kayan abinci da burodi), waɗanda suke bayyana da sauri kuma sun shuɗe da sauri.
Abubuwan da ake fata a kasuwannin duniya. A kasuwar duniya, rabon asalin tsiro dankalin turawa ne kawai 5%. Tapioca (24%) da masara (41%) rinjaye. Dankali na Dankali ne mafi ƙaranci wanda ake sa ran rabuwa da kashi 2022% daga 2,6. A lokaci guda, yanayin gaba ɗaya ba zai canza kusan ba, tunda, a cewar masana, rabon abin da alkama yakamata ya karu da 1,9%, tapioca - da 3,4%, da masara - da kashi 3,8%.
Siffofin kasuwa don kayayyakin sitaci a Rasha
Lastan shekarun da suka gabata a ƙasarmu an sami ƙaruwa mai fashewa a cikin samar da sitaci na ƙasa (tare da ragin shigo da kaya). Babban abubuwanda suka haifar da wannan tsari sun hada da babban bukatar daga takarda da masana'antar hukumar.
Demandarin buƙatun tauraron dan adam a cikin shekaru biyar ya ba masana'antu damar inganta ayyukanta na kuɗi. Yin amfani da damar ya tashi zuwa kashi 76%.
A kan wannan yanayin, sababbin ayyukan sun fara haɓakawa sosai, ƙaddamar da wanda, a cewar masana, a layi ɗaya tare da tsammanin faduwa game da buƙata, a ƙarshe zai haifar da raguwar alamun alamu zuwa kashi 70%.
A matsayin misalin irin wannan aikin, aiwatarwa "daga karce", zamu iya kawo kamfanin LLC "NewBio" a yankin Volgograd. Wannan kasuwancin don zurfin hatsi na masara tare da damar adadin tan dubu 140 / shekara ya kamata ya fara aiki a nan gaba. Ana ba da sanarwar samfurori kamar kwayar masara, abinci mai abinci, giluten masara, maltodextrin, sitaci na masara don fitarwa.
Don haka, ƙaddamar da wannan aikin zai ba da gudummawa ba kawai don haɓaka samar da sitaci na asalin ba, har ma don ƙara haɓaka rabon maltodextrin: fitarwa wannan samfurin zai iya ƙaruwa zuwa 20-40 dubu tan a shekara. Kuma wannan duk da cewa a cikin 2019, wadatar da maltodextrin zuwa ƙasashen waje ya riga ya ƙaru sosai saboda cikakken ikon Gulkevichsky Starch Plant LLC.
Bayyanin kasuwannin Rasha na sitaci da samfuran syrup, mutum ba zai iya lura da daidaituwa ba (a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata) buƙatu na nau'ikan gilashin tabarau da syrips sakamakon lalacewa da ƙarancin sukari a cikin Rasha. Masana'antu suna ƙoƙarin kiyaye samar da kayayyaki ta hanyar shigo da kayayyaki da ci gaban fitarwa.
Fructose syrups ya ba da wani matakin a cikin raguwar sha'awar wannan nau'in samfurin a 2019. Lura cewa har zuwa 2018, amfani da karfin masana'antar don samar da wannan nau'in ya kusan canzawa kuma ya tsaya 80%. Koyaya, a cikin 2019, dangane da ƙaddamar da sabon shuka a Yankin Kaluga, ƙudurin marasa ƙarfi ya karu, wanda ya ƙara yawan samfura a kasuwa da farashin da ya shafi. Sakamakon haka, jimlar yawan kayan samarwa ya ragu a cikin shekarar (tsayawa a matakin tan dubu 153,7). Ana tsammanin wannan yanayin zai ci gaba har zuwa wani lokaci zuwa shekara biyu.
Dole ne a faɗi wasu kalmomi game da kasuwa don samfurori na musamman (tauraron da aka gyara, maltodextrin, dextrose, sorbitol, fructose crystalline, pectin). A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sabbin abubuwan samar da ire-iren wadannan samfura sun bayyana a kasarmu. Kuma a yau zamu iya yanke hukuncin cewa kundin samarwa ya cika bukatun masu amfani da Rasha (buƙatun shekara-shekara ga duk samfuran na musamman ba ya wuce tan dubu 220 da ƙarancin girma).
Don haka, samar da sitaci da aka gyara, a bayyane, ya kai mafi girma a wannan lokacin, wanda ya kai tan dubu 50. Tabbas, bayyana irin wannan ra'ayi, ya zama dole a jaddada cewa tauraruwar da aka gyara kayan abinci yanki ne mai juzu'i. Suna bambanta duka a cikin hanyoyin samarwa da amfani na ƙarshe, kuma a cikin nau'in albarkatun ƙasa daga abin da aka yi su. Amma gaba ɗaya, wannan sabo ne kuma ga yawancin nau'ikan samfuri daban-daban. Dangane da wannan, dole ne mu yarda cewa ba shi yiwuwa a tattalin arziƙi don aiwatar da cikakken awo don samar da wasu nau'ikan taurari da aka yi canji saboda ƙarancin buƙatu. Fitar da waɗannan samfuran ma abu ne mai wahala, saboda masana'antun gargajiya sun mamaye kasuwannin ƙasashen waje.
Irin waɗannan ayyukan suna da wuyar aiwatarwa, suna da lokutan biyan kuɗi marasa iyaka, wanda ke rage riba da kyan gani na saka hannun jari a masana'antar.
Sakamakon kamuwa da cuta
Halin da cutar ta haifar da tabbas zai yi tasiri ga yanayin masana'antar sitaci da siyarwar syrup a ƙasar.
Kasuwancin sarrafa hatsi tuni sun ci karo da wasu matsaloli, tunda wannan nau'in albarkatun kasa (musamman alkama) yana hauhawa cikin farashi, duk da matakan da gwamnati ta ɗauka.
Matsaloli game da siyar da samfuran ƙarewa zai zama dole su magance waɗancan tsire-tsire waɗanda ke kawo samfuran su don bukatun ɓangarorin HoReCa.
Rushewa a cikin wadatattun kayan albarkatun ƙasa dangane da rufe iyakokin yankuna ana lura da su ta hanyar masana'antun da basu da wuraren ajiyarsu kuma waɗanda suke siyan kayan abinci a cikin adadi kaɗan don takamaiman umarni.
Gabaɗaya, idan zamuyi magana game da daidaito na 2020, bisa ga kamfanonin da aka haɗa a cikin ,ungiyar, kwata-kwata na farko ya nuna sakamakon da ba a bayyana ba: buƙatun samfuran sitaci na wani lokaci ya wuce wadatar, amma yanayin ya canza da sauri. Shutarancin ɗan lokaci na samarwa ya haifar da matsaloli a masana'antar abokan ciniki, masana'antun samfuran sitaci sun fara gunaguni game da biyan bashin jinkiri.
Ana iya tunanin cewa a halin da ake ciki yanzu, a cikin gajeren lokaci, wadancan masu samar da kayayyaki wadanda za su iya bai wa abokan cinikin kudin da ba shi da jinkiri zai amfana. Nan gaba kadan, muna tsammanin raguwar amfani, amma a matsayin kashi, har yanzu yana da wuya a kirga.
Yanayin duniya
Gwargwadon matattarar ƙasa da ƙwararrun masana HFS sun ba da shawara cewa cutar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta ta coronavirus za ta sami sakamako mai ɗorewa kuma mai tasiri ga masana'antar abinci a duniya. Amma sakamakon sakamako na kusurwa daban-daban na duniya zai bambanta.
Kasashen EU. A cikin kasashe kamar Faransa, Jamus da Switzerland, inda hadadden abinci yake da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin, rikicin ba zai haifar da manyan sauye-sauye ba. Wadannan kasashe ba su dogara da shigo da mafi yawan kayayyakin amfanin gona ba, bi da bi, babu matsaloli tare da abinci. Godiya ga wannan, ya kasance mafi sauƙi ga gwamnatocin Turai su shawo kan 'yan ƙasa su canza zuwa aikin nesa, wanda ya taimaka wajen rage yaduwar cutar.
Kasashen Asiya. Akasin haka, yawan ƙasashe kamar su Singapore (inda kayan aikin gona daga ƙasashen waje suka mamaye) sun damu matuka game da barazanar yunwar. Ina tsammanin bayan rikicin na yanzu, duk jihohi za su yi ƙoƙari don samun 'yanci daga abinci. Da fari dai, ya kara wadatar da kansu da kansu na wadatar kasashen yayin tashin tarko, kuma na biyu, yana kara damar fitar da damar zuwa kasashen ketare a lokutan kasuwannin cikin gida.
A cikin yankin ASEAN, ƙasashe da ke da ƙananan bangarorin abinci na abinci (kamar Philippines, Laos, da Kambodiya) sun fi haɓaka haɓakar amfanin gona kuma suna ƙoƙarin mamaye wani ɓangaren kasuwa a Vietnam, Thailand, da Indonesia. Wataƙila wannan zai haifar da ƙaruwa da wadatar kayayyakin gida na tapioca da sitaci. Koyaya, maiyuwa ne cewa Vietnam, Thailand da Indonesia suma zasu haɗu da fadada kasuwannin tallace-tallace. Waɗannan ƙasashe a halin yanzu suna sayar da wasu daga cikin asalin ƙasarsu na tapioca sitaci zuwa China, inda za'a inganta samfurin don aikace-aikace na musamman. Wataƙila za a yi amfani da wannan ƙarin darajar don ƙirƙirar sababbin wurare a cikin yankin ASEAN. Sakamakon na iya zama raguwa ga kyawawan kayan sitaci da kayan sitaci daga masana'antun Turai don fitarwa zuwa ƙasashe membobin ASEAN.
Amurka. Kasar Amurka a lokacin babban rikicin ta nuna kyakkyawan yanayin aikin samar da wadataccen kayayyaki, wanda ke nuna babban ci gaba na masana'antar noma. Don haka, a cikin California a wannan Maris an karu matakin ƙara farashin tallace-tallace na samfuran abinci. Kamar sauran wurare, haɓaka buƙatu yana da alaƙa da sha'awar masu amfani da su sanya hannun jari don lokacin warewar. Amma a cikin shagunan Amurka babu karancin kayayyaki - sabanin Turai, kuma musamman daga Asiya. Wasu masana'antun sun yi aiki a ko'ina cikin agogo don saduwa da karuwar masu amfani.
Duniya bayan coronavirus. Yanayin Kasuwa
Ina tsammanin mutane da yawa sun jawo hankali ga gaskiyar cewa a cikin lokacin keɓe masu ƙarancin adadi yawanci suna cin lokaci mai yawa don shirya abinci a gida. Yana da ma'ana cewa tun a tsakiyar watan Maris tallace-tallace na madara, gari, qwai da kayan abinci da aka gama a Turai da Amurka sun girma sosai. Yana yiwuwa bayan ƙin karɓar tsarin kadaici, za a ci gaba da sha'awar mutane a dafa abinci a gida (gami da daga kayan da aka gama da shi).
Masu kera kayayyakin tauraro da kayayyakin sitaci zasu buƙaci wannan yanayin yayin yin kwaskwarimar samfuran su don samar da samfuran da aka gama dasu da sababbin kayan aiki.
Hakanan, yawan amfani da abinci na duniya mai narkewa da samfurori tare da tsawon rayuwar shiryayye yana girma. Sabili da haka, masana'antun suna da dalili don fadada layin samfurin, wanda zasu buƙaci tauraro tare da babban aiki, ciki har da sitaci dankalin turawa.
Wani yanayin yana da alaƙa da fa'idar abinci mai lafiya. Bayan rikicin Amurka, Turai da Asiya, ana tsammanin karuwar amfani da samfuran "lafiya", galibi waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga karfafa rigakafi. Zai zama sananne ne musamman a cikin Amurka, tunda sabis ɗin likita a cikin wannan ƙasa suna da tsada, kuma izinin marasa lafiya yawanci ba a rama shi ko ma'aikaci.
Kuma 'yan ƙarin kalmomi game da sarƙoƙi na wadata. A lokacin barkewar cutar coronavirus, wasu masana'antun abinci da abubuwan sha sun fuskanci karancin kayan abinci. Don hana irin wannan yanayin a nan gaba, da alama za su iya kawo kayayyaki ta hanyar faɗaɗa jerin masu ba da kaya. Wataƙila a cikin yanayin ƙarancin albarkatun albarkatun ƙasa na iya zama aikace-aikacen da keɓaɓɓun ƙa'idodi don sanya alama mai kyau don canzawa. Wannan zai bawa 'yan kasuwa damar canzawa tsakanin hanyoyin shigo da kayan abinci da abubuwan da ake shigo dasu. Don haka, mai yiyuwa ne masu samar da kayan sitaci da kayan sitaci za su faɗaɗa kasancewar ƙasarsu a yankuna na duniya, haka kuma za su ƙara yawan albarkatun ƙasa don samar da abinci da masu samar da abin sha tare da sarkar samar da wadataccen abubuwa. A zahiri, rikicin Covid-19 na yanzu zai canza jerin wadatar kayayyaki da kayan masarufi na duniya, amma yana da wahala a iya hasashen yadda kowa zai yi hulɗa a cikin sabon yanayin.
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