Daga mujallar: No. 1 2016
Category: shawarwari na kwararru
B.V. Anisimov, S.N. Zabrin, V.N. Zeiruk,
Duk-Russian Research Institute of Dankali Farming mai suna bayan. A.G. Lorja
A halin yanzu aikin kula da inganci da takaddun shaida na dankalin iri, yawancin rots na tuberous yawanci sun kasu kashi biyu manyan nau'ikan - bushe da rigar.
Daga cikin busassun busassun, mafi yawanci sune Fusarium busassun rot da phoma rot. Sau da yawa, bushewar bushewa na sama na iya tasowa akan tubers lokacin da Alternaria ya shafe su.
Ci gaban rigar tuber rot mafi sau da yawa yana faruwa saboda canja wurin kamuwa da cuta daga shuke-shuke da suka kamu da marigayi blight ko blackleg zuwa tubers na sabon amfanin gona. Lokacin girma dankali a cikin ƙasa mai ɗanɗano sosai, rubber rot na iya tasowa akan tubers lokacin ko nan da nan bayan girbi. High ƙasa danshi a lokacin girma kakar kuma halitta sharadi gwargwado ga ruwan hoda rot na tubers, da kuma zafi weather a lokacin tuberization lokaci na iya taimaka wa ci gaban na ruwa rauni rot na tubers da ewa bayan girbi.
A wasu lokuta, "rots gauraye" na iya zama mai cutarwa: marigayi blight-bacterial, fusarium-bacterial, fomosa-bacterial. Shigar da fungal da cututtuka na kwayan cuta a cikin tubers da ci gaban rot suna sauƙaƙe ta hanyar lalacewa daga nematodes, wireworms da ƙwayoyin kwari. A cikin yanayi mara kyau don girbi da adana dankali, abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban tuber rot na iya zama hypothermia da daskarewa na tubers.
Dry rot na tubers lalacewa ta hanyar fungal phytopathogens
Fusarium (Fusarium spp.)
Kamuwa da cuta na iya faruwa ta hanyar kayan iri da ƙasa. Lalacewa yana haɓaka haɓakar rot, musamman lokacin da ake rarrabewa a yanayin zafi mai tsayi.
Ciwon ciki (Phoma sp.)
Tushen kamuwa da cuta yafi gurbataccen kayan iri ne; ciwon na iya yaduwa da ruwan sama. Sau da yawa ana kamuwa da tubers a lokacin girbi, amma phoma yakan girma bayan girbi da rabe-raben girbi da/ko a yanayin sanyi mara nauyi.
Alternariosis (Madadin sp.)
Alternaria spores suna rayuwa akan dankali ko wasu kwayoyin halitta a cikin filin ko kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa.
Rigar da ke haifar da cututtukan fungi da ƙwayoyin cuta
Phytophthora (Phitofthara 'yan tsako)
Spores daga saman suna cutar da tubers a cikin ƙasa. Za'a iya lura da busassun buguwa a ƙarshen lokacin girbi kuma a ci gaba da haɓakawa yayin ajiya. Lalacewa ga tubers yayin sarrafa bayan girbi sau da yawa yana ba da gudummawa ga wannan.
Rufe ruwan hoda (Phytophora erythroseptica)
Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa ta cikin ƙasa. Ci gaban kamuwa da cuta yana inganta ta hanyar babban danshi da zafin jiki. Rot yana tasowa lokacin ko jim kaɗan bayan girbi.
Rubber rot (Geotrichum candidum)
Tushen kamuwa da cuta shine ƙasa. Ana haɓaka haɓakar rot ta hanyar danshi mai ƙarfi na ƙasa da yanayin dumi a lokacin lokacin girbi. Magudanar ƙasa mai kyau da kuma adana tubers daga wuraren da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye filin daban da sauran amfanin gona na iya rage yaduwar ruɓe.
Raunin ruwa ya lalace (Pythium sp.)
Tushen kamuwa da cuta: ƙasa. Kamuwa da cuta na tubers yana faruwa ta hanyar raunuka. Rubewa da sauri ya bazu a kan sabbin bututun da aka tono waɗanda fatar ba ta yi ƙarfi ba tukuna. Yanayin dumi a lokacin girbi yana inganta ci gaban rot.
Black kafa (Dickeya/Pectobacterium spp.)
Tushen kamuwa da cutar ya fi kamuwa da tubers iri, amma a cikin filin ana iya kamuwa da cutar daga tsire-tsire masu cutar zuwa ɗigon ruwa mai lafiya wanda ke ɗauke da kwayoyin cuta (digon ruwan sama/aerosols) da kuma kwari. Cutar cututtuka na iya faruwa daga gurɓataccen kayan aiki ko kwantena. Kamuwa da cuta daga wadannan pathogens da kuma ci gaban da cutar da aka fi so da m girma yanayi, amma sun fi m ga. Pectobacterium yanayi ne sanyi da rigar, kuma don Dickeye - dumi da m.
Zobe ruɓe (Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus)
Tushen kamuwa da cuta shine gurbataccen kayan iri. Tubers na wasu nau'ikan na iya kamuwa da cutar asymptomatically. Ana kuma yada kwayoyin cuta ta gurbatattun kayan aiki, musamman kayan yankan. A yawancin ƙasashe, ana ɗaukarta a matsayin cutar keɓewa, idan an sami barkewar cutar, ana cire gurɓataccen abu kuma ana zubar da shi daga wurare dabam dabam.
Rube daga hypothermia da daskarewa na tubers
Dalilai: ƙananan zafin jiki (kasa da 1 ° C) kafin girbi ko ajiya. Hakanan ana iya haifar da lalacewar tuber saboda saurin canjin yanayin zafi (ba lallai ba ne a ƙasa da daskarewa) Wajibi ne a girbi kafin sanyi kuma a guji sanyaya mai yawa a cikin ajiya.
Rot daga lalacewa ga tubers ta hanyar nematodes, wireworms da tsutsa na kwari
Dankali kara nematode - Ditylenchosis (Ditylenchus mai hallakarwa)
Nematodes galibi ana yada su tare da bututun iri masu kamuwa da cuta, wajibi ne a yi amfani da ingantaccen ingantaccen iri da kuma ware filayen da aka sami bullar cutar a baya. Nematodes yana da wuya a kawar da su saboda suna rayuwa a kan tsire-tsire masu yawa. Ana iya sauƙaƙe rage yawan su ta hanyar amfani da hatsi a cikin jujjuyawar amfanin gona tare da ingantaccen sarrafa ciyawa.
wayaworms (Agriotes / Tandonia / Arion spp.)
Larvae suna cin ƙananan sassa na sama ko zurfi a cikin tuber. Sassan koyaushe suna kunkuntar (ba kamar lalacewar da slugs ke haifarwa ba), amma ana iya raba su sosai. Lalacewar da tsutsotsin waya ke haifarwa ya sa wasu cututtuka su iya shiga cikin tuber, wanda ke haifar da rubewa iri-iri.
Tare da wireworms, busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun da aka danganta da yanayin ajiya) galibi ana samun su ne ta hanyar lalacewa daga beetles, cutworms, slugs, da asu dankalin turawa.
Khrushchi (lavae) suna cinye cavities a cikin tubers. Ba kamar cutworms ba, ba sa barin ragowar bawo a kusa da gefuna na cavities.
Scoops (caterpillars) gnaw cavities na daban-daban masu girma dabam a cikin tubers. Tare da gefunansu akwai ragowar kwasfa a cikin nau'i na gefuna.
Slugs
Suna cinye cavities daban-daban masu girma dabam a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara, wanda zai iya sauƙaƙe shigar phytopathogens a cikin tuber, yana haifar da nau'in rot.
dankalin turawa asu
Yana ɗaukar kunkuntar (2-4 mm) wurare a ƙarƙashin fata ko cikin tuber. Siffar alamar lalacewar asu ita ce kasancewar ƙura a saman da kuma a cikin sassan da ke cikin tubers.
A tsanani na ci gaban tuber rot ne sun fi mayar m da mataki na yaduwar cututtuka a lokacin girma kakar da girbi dankali. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a kula da tushen kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar binciken filin a lokacin girma da kuma haɗakar da yin amfani da matakan kariya da kariya na musamman a lokacin noman ƙasa, shirya kayan iri don shuka, kulawa da shuka da girbi.
Daga cikin dabarun rigakafi da kariya, mafi inganci sune: noman dankali a cikin jujjuya amfanin gona ta amfani da amfanin gona na baya wanda ke share ƙasa daga cututtukan cututtuka; m amfani da kwayoyin halitta da takin mai magani, microelements da calcareous kayan da kara juriya na shuke-shuke da tubers ga cututtuka; amfani da tubers masu lafiya kawai don dalilai iri, dumama dankalin iri sannan jefar da kayan da suka kamu da cutar; disinfection na iri tubers kafin dasa shuki; aiwatar da duk hanyoyin kula da tsire-tsire da dabarun sarrafa ciyawa waɗanda ke ba da gudummawar samar da lafiya, ingantaccen tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da ikon yin cikakken amfani da juriya ta yanayi ga ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa.
A matsayin ma'aunin rigakafi akan shuka iri, yana da mahimmanci musamman don cire tsire-tsire marasa lafiya - tushen kamuwa da cuta - ta hanyar aiwatar da tsaftataccen phyto. Alamun cututtuka akan tsire-tsire suna bayyana a lokuta daban-daban, don haka mafi girman sakamako yawanci ana samun su ta hanyar tsaftacewa sau uku.
Ana yin tsaftacewa na farko ba da daɗewa ba bayan fitowar cikakkun harbe, lokacin da tsire-tsire suka kai tsayin 15-20 cm. A wannan lokacin, yana da mahimmanci don cire bushes da aka shafa da ƙafar ƙafa. Da zarar an cire tsire-tsire masu cututtuka daga shuka, ƙarancin tushen yiwuwar yaduwar kamuwa da cuta ya kasance a cikin filin.
Ana yin tsaftacewa na biyu a lokacin flowering. A cikin wannan lokacin, yawanci ana cire ƙazanta iri-iri, da kuma tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire waɗanda cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta suka shafa. Yawancin lokaci, bayan tsaftacewa na biyu, ana gudanar da gwajin filin kuma an ƙayyade yarda da shuka tare da ka'idodin ka'idojin da aka kafa don nau'o'i daban-daban da nau'o'in dankalin iri.
Na uku tsaftacewa ne da za'ayi kafin kafin girbi kau na fi. A wannan lokacin, ana cire sauran ƙazanta, da kuma shuke-shuken da ke nuna alamun ƙwayoyin cuta (ring rot) da cututtukan cututtuka.
Ya kamata a gudanar da tsaftacewa ta hanyar ƙwararrun ma'aikata a gaban ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu sana'a don gane alamun cututtuka da dankalin turawa iri-iri. A wannan yanayin, yawanci mutane biyu suna tafiya tare da furrow kuma suna bincika tsire-tsire a hankali a cikin layuka biyu zuwa dama da hagu na furrow tare da hanyar da aka yi. Tsire-tsire da aka gano marasa lafiya ko ƙazanta iri-iri ana tono su tare da shebur tare da tubers, gami da tubers na uwa, a cire su daga filin. Ba a ba da shawarar cire tsire-tsire ba, saboda wannan na iya barin mahaifiyar tubers a cikin ƙasa, ta sake yin fure a cikin wannan shekarar kuma ta sake haifar da shuke-shuke marasa lafiya. Filaye da tubers da aka cire a lokacin tsaftacewa dole ne a lalata su gaba daya.
Idan akwai barazanar ci gaba da kamuwa da cuta da kuma maye gurbin zuwa matsakaici ko matsananciyar digiri, ana amfani da hadadden shirye-shiryen sinadarai da halittu don fesa tsire-tsire a lokacin girma. Wadannan fasahohin suna ba da damar a nan gaba don rage yawan hasara daga rot yayin ajiyar dankalin turawa.
Wani muhimmin dabarar da ke hana kamuwa da cututtukan tubers a lokacin girbi kuma yana rage haɗarin haɓaka ƙwayar tuber shine pre-girbi kau na fi. Ana aiwatar da shukar iri kwanaki 14 kafin girbi, kuma akan shukar kasuwanci akalla kwanaki 7 kafin girbi. Lokacin da aka cire saman nan da nan kafin girbi, kwasfa na tuber ba shi da lokacin ƙarfafawa kuma yana da rauni mai tsanani ta hanyar injin girbi, wanda zai iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta mai yawa na dankali tare da bushe da rigar rot. Don haka, alal misali, idan matakin ci gaban ƙwayar cuta a kan tsire-tsire ya kai kashi 50% kuma nauyin amfanin gona ya daina karuwa, sai a lalata saman saman nan da nan don kada tubers ya kamu da cutar a cikin ƙasa. Amma ko da a wannan yanayin, wajibi ne a kula da tazara tsakanin lalata saman da girbi.
Za a iya lalata saman ta hanyar yankan injina tare da cire kayan shuka na wajibi daga filin, tun da abin da ya shafa shine babban tushen cututtukan cututtukan marigayi blight da tuber bacteriosis kafin da lokacin girbi. Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da desiccation na sinadaran akan filayen iri. Don wannan dalili, ana fesa dankali da Reglon Super (2,0 l / ha). Yawan amfani da ruwan aiki dole ne ya zama aƙalla 300 l/ha.
A lokacin girbi, jigilar dankali da adana su, ana ba da shawarar don lalata kwantena, motoci, rarrabuwa, da dai sauransu tare da bayani na 2-3% na jan karfe sulfate. Dukan dankalin turawa ya rage bayan an rarrabawa da rarrabawa, kuma an lalata kayan aikin tare da maganin 5% na jan karfe sulfate.
A cikin yaƙi da ruɓewa, duk hanyoyin da ke hana rauni na inji ga tubers a lokacin girbi, rarrabuwa, sufuri, da adana dankali suna da tasiri. Don yin wannan, ya zama dole don daidaita masu girbi, digers dankalin turawa, masu rarrabawa, da kuma kula da tubers a hankali, hana su fadowa daga babban tsayi. Halaccin tsayin tubers da ke fadowa akan saman ƙarfe (zanen bakin ciki na bazara) shine 50-80 cm, katako mai ƙarfi - 25-50, saman katako na katako - 15-25, rubberized - 50-75, ƙasa - 200, akan dankali - 100-125 cm.
Sarrafa bayan girbi da dabaru don rage asara daga ruɓe yayin ajiyar dankalin turawa
Ba daga baya fiye da wata daya kafin adana dankali, ana tsaftace wuraren ajiya daga ƙasa da tsofaffin tubers, an lalata su da lemun tsami tare da ƙari na 2-3% jan karfe sulfate, to, bangon ajiya, rufi, bangon bango da bangarori suna fari da lemun tsami. Hakanan ana amfani da fumigation tare da whist na shirye-shiryen (yawan checkers 150-200g / 1000 m3 dakin dankali).
A lokacin sarrafa bayan girbi, ana yin gwajin tuber don gano cututtukan da suka bayyana akan tubers.
Hanyar don yin samfuri don nazarin tuber da buƙatun ƙa'idodi don ingancin kayan iri da dankalin kasuwanci (abinci) an ƙaddara ta ma'auni: GOST R 53136-2008 "Dalaka dankali. Bayanan fasaha"; GOST R 55329-2012 “Dakalin iri. Yarda da hanyoyin bincike" da GOST R 51808-2001 "Sabon abinci dankali, shirya da kawota."
Tables 1 da 2 suna gabatar da juriya na ƙa'idodin tuber rot don batches na dankali da ke shiga kasuwanci a cikin ƙasashen EU, Kanada, Tarayyar Rasha da Jamhuriyar Belarus.
Yawancin ƙasashe masu samarwa da fitar da dankalin iri a cikin ƙa'idodin ƙasashensu yawanci suna gabatar da ƙarin haƙuri mai ƙarfi idan aka kwatanta da ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin UNECE na duniya, musamman game da rots ɗin da ke haifar da fungi da ƙwayoyin cuta [6] (Table 1).
Tebur 1. Haƙuri na ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin tuber rot don nau'o'i daban-daban / ƙarni na dankalin iri da aka kasuwa a cikin ƙasashen EU
Ƙara | Haƙuri don azuzuwan dankalin turawa, % | ||||
S | SE | Farashin 1-3 | Farashin 1-2 | B | |
EU1 | 0,5 | 1 | 1 | ||
United Nations | 0,2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Jamus | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 |
Holland2 | 1-4 tubers da 50 kg | ||||
Finland | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 1 | 1 |
Faransa | 0,1 | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 |
Belgium | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 |
Denmark | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 |
Bulgaria | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 1 | 1 |
Jamhuriyar Czech3 | 1,0 (0,25) | 1,0 (0,25) | 1,0 (0,25) | 1,0 (0,25) | 1,0 (0,25) |
Canada4 | 1,0 (0,1 / 0,5) | 1,0 (0,1 / 0,5) | 1,0 (0,1 / 0,5) | 1,0 (0,1 / 0,5) | 1,0 (0,1 / 0,5) |
1 - Bisa ga umarnin EU 2002/56 da 93/17;
2 - Domin rigar rot, 1 tuber da 250 kg an yarda;
3 - Ana nuna alamar ruɓar rigar a cikin baka;
4- Ana ba da juriya ga jika na jigilar kaya/makowa a cikin baka.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata na ƙa'idodin ƙasa na yanzu a cikin Rasha da Jamhuriyar Belarus don nau'in OS sun yi daidai da ƙa'idodin ƙasashen duniya na ma'aunin UNECE. A lokaci guda, juriya ga batches na dankalin iri na nau'ikan EC da RS sun wuce ka'idojin UNECE na bushe da rigar rot, wanda ke haifar da raguwar inganci da gasa na manyan masana'antu da haifuwa na samar da gida. . A halin yanzu, a matsayin wani ɓangare na haɓaka sabon daftarin ƙa'idar Interstate na ƙasashe membobin EAEU don wadatar da dankalin iri, ana sa ran gabatar da ƙarin juriya ga bushewar bushewa da rigar, wanda zai yi daidai da ƙa'idodin analogues na duniya. (Table 2).
Table 2. Regulatory tolerances na matsayin ga tuber rot ga daban-daban Categories iri dankali shiga kasuwanci a cikin Rasha Federation da Jamhuriyar Belarus.
Tsarin | Ka'idojin aji/tsara* | ||
OS | ЭС | Saukewa: RS1-2 | |
GOST R-2008 | 0,5 (0) | 2 (1) | 2 (1) |
GOST na Jamhuriyar Belarus | 0,5 (0) | 2 (1) | 3 (1) |
Matsayin Interstate (daftarin aiki) | 0,5 (0) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
* OS - nau'in iri na asali; ES - Elite tsaba; RS - tsaba masu haifuwa. Ana nuna alamar ruɓar ruwa a cikin baka.
Dangane da GOST R 51808-2001, ga duk nau'ikan dankalin turawa sabo ne, wanda aka shirya da kuma samarwa, kasancewar tubers da rigar, bushe, zobe, rot, rot da latti, kazalika da sanyi da alamun “shaƙewa” ba a yarda ba. Kafin gudanar da bincike na tuber na samfurori da aka zaɓa don kunna phytopathogenic fungi, kwayoyin cuta da kuma kara nematodes a cikin tubers, ana bada shawara don kiyaye tubers a zazzabi na 10-20.оC a cikin kwanaki 20.
Na farko, ana auna samfurin, sa'an nan kuma an raba ƙasa kyauta da sauran ƙazanta. Adadin ƙazanta an ƙaddara ta nauyi azaman kashi na jimlar nauyin tubers na samfurin da aka ba. Bayan cire datti, kowane tuber ana wanke shi a cikin ruwa kuma a duba shi. An gano waɗanda ba daidai ba da nakasassu kuma an haɗa su ta nau'in lalacewa (cututtuka, kwari, injiniyoyi). An bayyana adadin tubers marasa lafiya a matsayin kashi na jimlar adadin a cikin samfurin. Dangane da bayanan bincike, ana sanya batches na dankalin iri zuwa nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri, kuma ana sanya batches na dankalin dankali zuwa azuzuwan da suka dace na farkon ko marigayi dankali (Extra, na farko ko na biyu).
Don ƙayyade cututtuka da lahani a ciki (baƙar fata, zobe rot, marigayi blight, phomosis, darkening na ɓangaren litattafan almara, glandular tabo, hollowness, ditylenchosis), 100 tubers da samfurin an yanke a cikin a tsaye shugabanci. Idan an sami cututtuka ko lahani, sauran tubers na samfurin kuma an yanke su.
Idan akwai cututtuka da yawa akan tuber daya, ana la'akari da daya daga cikin mafi cutarwa a cikin tsari mai zuwa: zobe rot, black kafa, marigayi blight, fomoz, bushe rot, ditelenhoz, shaƙewa, sanyi, scab na kowa, rhizoctonia, powdery. da scab na azurfa, lalacewar inji.
Tubers da suka shafi kowane mataki ta hanyar busassun busassun busassun bushewa, datti, baƙar fata, rot rot, phomosis, da tushe nematodes ana ɗaukar marasa lafiya. Dangane da sakamakon binciken tuber, an fitar da rahoton bincike na tuber, wanda ke nuna adadin da yawan ƙwayar cuta.
Domin rage asarar daga rot, iri dankali daga filayen inda marigayi blight, phomosis, na kwayan cuta cututtuka sun ci gaba da karfi, da kuma tubers sun samu na inji lalacewa, a lokacin ajiya da kuma a farkon lokacin ajiya, disinfection ya kamata a za'ayi a kan wannan kamuwa da cuta wakili mai haifar da bushewar fusarium (lokacin girbi tare da dankalin turawa, ana buƙatar wannan abincin) ta amfani da kwayoyi Maxim (0,2 l / t) ko Fitosporin (1 kg / t).
Disinfection na dankalin turawa tubers ne da za'ayi a cikin fall ta amfani da aerosol janareta na iri daban-daban, wanda aka saka a kan na'ura lodi ko rarraba maki. Amfanin ruwa mai aiki shine 3-5 l/t. Tare da wannan amfani da ruwa, babu buƙatar bushe dankalin bugu da ƙari. Hakanan ana amfani da fumigation tare da whist na shirye-shiryen (yawan masu duba 5-10 g / t)
Shirye-shiryen sun fi tasiri idan ba a yi amfani da su ba bayan kwanaki 3 bayan girbi dankali, ko mafi kyau duk da haka, nan da nan bayan girbi lokacin adana ta amfani da fasaha mai gudana kai tsaye. Lokacin amfani da su, dole ne ku bi ka'idodin aminci lokacin aiki tare da magungunan kashe qwari.
A cikin kwanaki 20-25 na farko na wucin gadi ko na dindindin ajiya (lokacin jiyya), ya kamata a kiyaye zafin jiki a 15-18.оC da dangi zafi 90-95%. Wannan na taimaka wa sauri warkar da raunuka a kan tubers. Tsayin tudun tuber ya dogara da nau'in ajiya da kuma ko an sanye shi da iska mai aiki da tsarin kula da yanayi.
Bayan kammala lokacin jiyya, yawan zafin jiki a cikin dankalin turawa yana raguwa a hankali, amma ba fiye da 0,5-1 ba.оC a kowace rana na tsawon kwanaki 26 zuwa 30, kuma ana kiyaye shi yayin babban lokacin ajiya a cikin 2-5.оC, bambanta da ɗan dangane da nazarin halittu halaye na iri.
Ana tabbatar da mafi kyawun yanayin ajiya ta hanyar samun iska, sanyaya tare da iska na waje ko cakuda shi tare da iska mai ajiya. A kowane hali, dole ne iskar da ake bayarwa ta kasance tana da ingantaccen zafin jiki. A cikin bazara, yanayin da ya fi dacewa yana kiyaye shi ta hanyar samun iska da dare da safe na tsawon lokaci fiye da lokacin hunturu.
Zazzabi na iska ko cakuda iska da aka kawo wa kwandon dankalin turawa dole ne ya zama tabbatacce, amma ƙasa da zafin jiki a cikin adadin dankalin da 2-5оC. Yawan zafin jiki a wurin ajiyar ya kamata ya zama daidai ko sama da yanayin zafi a tudun dankalin, amma bai wuce 1 ba.оC.
Ana samun kiyaye yanayin zafi da yanayin ajiya na zafi ta hanyar shayar da tudun dankalin turawa sau 2-3 a mako na mintuna 30.
Practice ya nuna cewa shawarar ajiya tsarin mulki na dankali iya rage rage cin gaban tuber rot da muhimmanci rage ajiya asarar.
Dauke dankali a cikin hunturu ba a so, kamar yadda zai iya taimakawa wajen overinfection na tubers tare da busassun rot kuma, saboda haka, ƙara yawan cutar. Tubers da busassun ruɓa ya shafa dole ne a tattara su kuma a cire su daga saman Layer na embankment. Hakanan dole ne a cire aljihunan rigar da aka gano a hankali tare da gefen da ke kusa da tubers masu lafiya.
Ana jerawa dankali gaba daya idan fiye da kashi 10% na tubers suna fama da cututtukan fungal da na kwayan cuta.