Ekaterina Kudashkina, Dan takarar Kimiyyar Noma
Masana sun kira dankali daya daga cikin amfanin gona mafi riba. A cikin kakar 2021, ribar noman dankalin turawa ya kai wani matsayi mai yawa saboda karuwar darajar kayayyakin kasuwa. Amma ba kowa ba ne zai iya samun tabbacin girbi na dankali mai inganci: amfanin gona yana buƙatar saka hannun jari na albarkatu da yawa, gami da yin amfani da shirye-shirye masu tsada masu tsada don ciyarwa da kariya a duk lokacin girma. Ta yaya waɗannan farashin suka dace?
A cikin 2020-2021. shekara muna cikin kamfani Agroliga LLC an gudanar da nazarin fage da dama da kuma ɓullo da tsare-tsare na matukin jirgi don tabbatar da yawan amfanin gonar dankali tare da samun cikakkiyar riba kan saka hannun jari.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bincika buƙatu da sakamakon gabatar da wani makirci don ciyar da dankalin dankalin turawa na Arizona tare da shirye-shiryen samar da Mutanen Espanya na kamfanin Agritecno.
A 2021 shekara An aiwatar da shirin abinci mai gina jiki na dankalin turawa bisa ga K (F) X Yuzefov Nikolay Nikolaevich (Yankin Rostov, gundumar Semikarakorsk). Kamfanin yana cikin manyan gonakin dankalin turawa na TOP-10 a Rasha. Zuwan nan, kuna jin cewa wannan gona tana da matakai uku a gaban sauran mutane da yawa: ƙungiyar tana aiki da gaskiya, alamun duk al'adu suna da girma. Mai kamfanin, Nikolai Nikolaevich Yuzefov, ya ba mu wurin gwaji don binciken filin haɗin gwiwa. Yana da matsayi mai ban mamaki: "Ba nawa ne ya tashe ba, amma nawa ya ciyar."
Babban aikin shine samun yawan amfanin gona mai inganci na dankalin turawa tare da samun riba mai kyau kan saka hannun jari da ƙarin riba mai yawa.
An gudanar da gwaje-gwajen filin tare da yin amfani da shirye-shiryen Agritecno akan wani yanki na hectare 40, an shuka dankalin Arizona akan ban ruwa. Alkama na hunturu shine farkon a wannan filin. A cikin kaka, an yi amfani da 600 kg/ha na diammofoska don yin noma, sannan kuma samuwar tudu. A cikin bazara, kafin dasa shuki, an gabatar da diammophoska 200 kg / ha, kafin hilling - ammonium nitrate 150 kg / ha.
An ba da tsarin ƙwarewar filin a cikin tebur No. 1
Don presowing magani na tubers, baya ga kwari da fungicides da gonaki amfani da shirye-shirye Tekamin Rais Plus da Controlfit Cu.
Amfanin maganinTekamin Rais» don dankali ya ta'allaka ne a cikin gaskiyar cewa a lokacin presowing magani yana haɓaka samuwar tushen tsarin tuber, wanda ke ba da abinci mai gina jiki mai zaman kansa.
Drug"Controlfit Cu" (Copper) an tsara shi don haɓaka juriya na shuka ga cututtukan fungal da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda ke da mahimmanci musamman a matakin germination na tuber. Bugu da ƙari ga aikin fungicidal, jan ƙarfe yana ƙarfafa tafiyar matakai na photosynthesis a cikin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Bambancin "Controlfit Cu" shine cewa abu mai aiki yana motsawa ta cikin xylem da phloem, yana kare tsarin shuka (watau jan karfe gluconate shine kawai nau'i na kasancewar jan karfe a cikin shuka). Takin ba shi da analogues a Rasha kuma yana da alaƙa da muhalli 100%.
"Mai sarrafawa Cu» Hakanan ana amfani dashi don ƙarin jiyya a lokacin girma, adadin ya bambanta dangane da lokacin haɓaka shuka: don suturar tubers kuma a cikin lokacin bayan flowering, an yi amfani da 1 l / ha, kuma yayin budding taro, 2 l / ha. Na lura cewa lokacin budding taro ya faru ne a lokacin lalacewar yanayin yanayi a yankinmu - ana ruwan sama sosai, kuma saman dankali ya fi rauni saboda waterlogging.
Wani muhimmin amfani na miyagun ƙwayoyiControlfit Cu" - jituwa tare da fungicides da kwari. Yawancin manoma suna tsoron ƙara jan ƙarfe a cikin maganin tuber da fesa ciyayi. Dangane da gwaninta na sirri, Ina so in jaddada cewa bayan an gama aikin, ba a cikin sashin bayani ko a cikin tanki mai fesa ba ya fadowa. Muna aiki tare da wannan shiri akan dankali shekaru biyu yanzu, kuma koyaushe yana da kwanciyar hankali. Asirin yana da sauƙi - kyakkyawan tsari na miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma daidaitattun jerin lokacin haɗuwa - "Controlfit Cu" ƙara zuwa ruwan da aka shirya kafin SZR, tun da shi ne shiri na kwayoyin halitta.
A cikin babban makirci, bayan lura da tubers, ban da magungunan kashe qwari, an kara takin mai zuwa don abinci mai gina jiki na dankali:
1. "Tekamin Max Plus» - an yi amfani dashi a kusan dukkanin matakai na ci gaban dankalin turawa, kawai sashi ya canza. An yi amfani da su a juzu'i sau 6 a 0,5 l / ha, jimlar 3 l / ha a lokacin girma. Ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi don kunna haɓaka da haɓaka al'adu, kariya ta rigakafi (idan damuwa ya faru bayan jiyya tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi. "Tekamin Max" da kuma mayar da tsire-tsire bayan yanayi masu damuwa (idan magani ya kasance bayan yanayin damuwa). "Tecamin Max Plus" ba kawai yana haɗuwa tare da wasu muhimman abubuwan da aka gyara na suturar foliar ba, yana inganta tasirin su, amma har ma yana haɓaka gaurayawan abinci mai gina jiki tare da amino acid masu mahimmanci don tsire-tsire, kuma yana ba da shuka tare da jigilar kayan abinci na ma'adinai. Tasirin gani na aikace-aikacen "Tecamin Max Plus" yana bayyana daidai a cikin haɓakar sashin iska na shuka, haɓakar tsananin launi na ganye da kuma bayyanar daji mafi koshin lafiya. Sakamakon ci gaba na gaba ɗaya na saman ganye shine samuwar yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Magungunan yana da alaƙa da muhalli gaba ɗaya saboda asalin shuka. Ƙara yawan abubuwan da ke cikin kwayoyin halitta (60%) da L-amino acid na tushen kayan lambu na kyauta (12%) suna haɓaka ci gaban tsire-tsire, yana haɓaka haɓakar tubers kuma yana inganta ingancin su, wanda a ƙarshe ya ba da damar samun juzu'in dankalin turawa iri ɗaya. .
2. "Teknokel Amino B (boron) Plus" - a cikin lokaci na budding - farkon flowering 1 l / ha don ci gaban harbe da tushen tsarin, rigakafin scab, da kuma daidaitaccen abinci mai gina jiki, tun da ƙarancinsa yana rage sha na nitrogen da calcium. Mun bayar da gudunmawa"Teknokel Amino B" A wannan lokaci ne mai mahimmanci ga tsire-tsire dankalin turawa, tun da boron duka taki ne kuma hanyar kariya daga phytophthora.
Na dabam, zan haskaka: godiya ga fasahar FASTB mai haƙƙin mallaka️ Kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta na miyagun ƙwayoyi "Teknokel Amino Bor Plus" yana hana haɗin boron zuwa membrane na tantanin halitta kuma yana sa shi ta hannu, yana hana ƙarin rashi boron.
3. "Teknokel Amino Sa (calcium) Plus" - fractionally 1 l / ha daga ƙarshen flowering zuwa tsakiyar lokacin girma tuber, don inganta ingancin kwasfa da kiyaye ingancin, saboda an shirya girbi don kwanciya. Amfani"Teknokel Amino Sa" shine dai dai yana dauke da boron. Boron yana shiga cikin motsin calcium a cikin tsire-tsire; calcium kanta ba ta aiki.
4. "Teknokel Amino Mix (mix) Plus" - 1 l / ha don kawar da raunin micronutrients da kuma kara yawan rigakafi na shuka a lokacin girma tuber. Wannan cikakken mai gyara rashi micronutrient tare da amino acid kyauta na asalin shuka yana taimakawa hana latent yunwar tsire-tsire a lokacin haɓakawa, yana aiki ta tsarin enzyme kuma yana haɓaka haɓakar shuka da haɓaka gabobin haɓakawa.
5. "Controlfit RK" (potassium phosphite) - 1 l / ha don inganta ingancin samfurin kuma ƙara yawan juriya ga cututtuka na fungal. Yana da sauri tushen abinci mai gina jiki na phosphorus-potassium, yana dauke da 30% phosphorus da 20% potassium.
Kwarewarmu kuma ta bambanta da cewa mun yi amfani da shirye-shiryen kwayoyin halitta "Agaji A plus" (5 l / ha a duka don lokacin girma, juzu'i) - don harbe 10-15 cm kuma bayan makonni 2.
Shekara guda da ta gabata, a cikin mujallar Tsarin dankalin turawa No. 1/2021, na ba da misalin tasirin sa. Matsalar salinity ya dace da duk gonaki tare da ban ruwa, don haka ina ba da shawarar shan wannan taki a cikin wurare dabam dabam. Menene ƙarfin "Agriful"? Ana amfani dashi don hadi azaman tushen biostimulator da ƙasa biofeed. "Agriful" baya ƙyale ƙasa ta zama gishiri kuma yana rage ƙarfin wutar lantarki a kusa da yankin tushen.
Me yasa kulawa ta musammanMummuna"? Betaines a cikin abun da ke ciki yana taimakawa wajen daidaita matsi na osmotic a cikin tsire-tsire, don haka inganta wadatar abubuwan gina jiki. "Mummuna" yana inganta shayar da ma'adanai, kuma hakan yana da mahimmanci musamman ta fuskar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da rashin kwanciyar hankali na takin ma'adinai.
Fulvic acid da kwayoyin halitta suna aiki don haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa. Ana iya amfani da "Agriful" duka don ban ruwa na drip da kuma don yayyafawa. Mun yi amfani da Agriful tare da manyan nozzles (na UAN) sau biyu a 2,5 l / ha tare da yawan aikin ruwa na 300 l / ha sannan kuma kunna injin shayarwa. Har ila yau hanya mai ban sha'awa da tasiri - babu konewa, abu ne mai tsabta kwayoyin halitta. Tsire-tsire sun sha wannan abincin sosai. Daga abubuwan lura - tsarin ƙasa ya inganta, ƙasa ta zama sako-sako.
Tun da dankali yana buƙatar jiyya da yawa a kowace kakar, ingancin fesa yana da mahimmanci. Sau da yawa, manoma suna fuskantar matsalar sarrafa pH da taurin ruwa.
Ruwa mai wuya yana da mummunan tasiri akan:
- a.i. inganci magungunan kashe qwari (musamman, fungicides - wannan shine ɗayan manyan farashin dankali): saboda ruwa mai ƙarfi, suna ƙarƙashin alkaline hydrolysis;
- sprayer nozzles: sun zama toshe kuma aikin yana raguwa.
Ana amfani da kwandishan don magance waɗannan matsalolin.Teknofit pH". Yana ɗaure taurin gishiri don kada su haifar da hydrolysis na alkaline. "Teknofit pH" lokaci guda acidifies alkaline da kuma softens wuya ruwa, rage surface tashin hankali na ruwa, inganta shigar azzakari cikin farji mafita a cikin takardar da kuma kawar da kumfa.
Alamar launi tana canza ruwa lokacin da matakin acidity ya canza, wanda ke sauƙaƙa ƙayyade adadin da ake buƙata ba tare da amfani da na'urori na musamman ba.
Zan jaddada: a cikin kowane takamaiman yanayin yin amfani da wani maganin kashe qwari a cikin shirye-shiryen maganin aiki, za'a iya samun dabara, don haka kuna buƙatar karanta lakabin kowane magani a hankali kuma kuyi aiki don inganta ingancin ruwa. A waje, akwai riga irin wannan aikin - an rubuta mafi kyawun pH na maganin aiki akan gwangwani. Muna fatan cewa masana'antun Rasha ma za su zo ga wannan nan ba da jimawa ba.
A kan Agusta 24, 2021, tare da wakilan gonaki, mun yi wani iko digging daga 1,5 mikakke mita, auna da kuma dage farawa daga tubers (Fig. 1).
Me muka gani? Babban yawan amfanin ƙasa na tsakiyar juzu'in dankali a cikin makircin gwaji. Kafin girbi watanni biyu - tubers za su kara nauyi.
An gudanar da tsaftacewar a ranar 18-23 ga Oktoba, 2021.
Dangane da sakamakon girbin filayen gwaji da sarrafawa, ya kamata a lura cewa godiya ga sabon shirin abinci mai gina jiki, mun sami damar adana ƙarin ton 4,9 a kowace ha 1 don gonar. Yawan amfanin dankali daga gwajin gwajin ya kasance 70,1 t / ha, daga tsarin sarrafawa - 65,2 t / ha (Table No. 2).
Tebur 2. Yawan dankalin turawa
Wuri mai tsabta, ha | Yawan samfuran girbe, t | Yawan aiki, t / ha | |
Sarrafa (has 20) | 5,27 | 343,7 | 65,2 |
Kwarewa (ha40) | 8,25 | 578,4 | 70,1 |
Ina so in mika godiyata ga mai wannan kamfani Nikolai Nikolaevich Yuzefov da dukan ma'aikatan gona don tsarin gaskiya da alhaki ga kasuwancin haɗin gwiwa. Sergey Aleksevich Voronov, Darekta zartarwa; Petr Yurevich Khmyz, foreman-dankali mai shuka; Evgeny Vladimirovich Ustinov, agronomist, ƙwararru ne na gaske a fagen su!
Ƙarin kudin shiga (net, ban da saka hannun jari) a lokacin girbi a ƙarshen Oktoba 2021 ya kai 143 rubles / ha, tare da saka hannun jari a shirye-shiryen 300 rubles / ha da farashin dankali 13 rubles / kg.
Kammalawa: Shirin samar da abinci mai gina jiki da aka tsara ya ba da damar haɓaka yuwuwar shuka, idan aka ba da damar samun fa'ida ta fuskar samarwa da tattalin arziki. Wannan sabon tabbataccen batu ne na ci gaban riba ga kamfanin ku kuma.