Sergey Banadysev, Doctor na Sciences na aikin gona, Shugaban shirin zaɓi na SSC "Doka - Kimiyyar Kasuwanci"
Ana sa ran gonakin dankalin turawa a Arewacin Amurka zai yi kasa
Halin yana canzawa kowace rana, amma shuka dankalin turawa a Kanada da Amurka na iya fuskantar wahala a cikin 2020. Noman dankalin turawa na iya faduwa da kashi 25-30% saboda rufaffiyar gidajen abinci, raguwar cin soyayyen faransa da tasirin tattalin arzikin COVID-19. A Arewacin Amurka, masu sarrafawa suna neman shuka 70 zuwa 75% na shuka na yau da kullun, wasu yankuna kuma wasu ƙasa. Rage yankin na dankalin fasaha ne, wanda ake amfani da shi don samar da soyayyen Faransa da sauran kayayyakin dankalin turawa. Irin wannan dankalin turawa yana wakiltar yawancin noman dankalin turawa a Kanada da Amurka.
Dubun dubatar gidajen abinci a halin yanzu suna rufe a Arewacin Amurka saboda haɗarin yaduwar cutar sankara. Sakamakon haka, mutanen Kanada da Amurkawa suna cin ɗan soya kaɗan fiye da yadda aka saba. Sakamakon nan da nan shi ne cewa masana'antar sarrafa dankalin turawa ta yi aiki McCain Abinci, Cavendish Farms da JR Simplot sun yanke samar da soya, pancakes da samfuran dankalin turawa. Farms na Cavendish, wanda ke sarrafa shukar soya Faransa a tsibirin Prince Edward, ya umurci masu noma a lardin da su sayar da dankalin turawa don wasu dalilai. Yana da wahala a iya hasashen tsawon lokacin da gidajen abinci za su rufe da kuma lokacin da buƙatun soya za su murmure. Ana sa ran waɗannan asarar za su yi tsanani har zuwa aƙalla Mayu, kuma za a iya ɗaukar akalla watanni shida kafin su dawo daidai bisa hasashen masana'antu.
Abincin abinci yana da kashi 85% na duk tallace-tallacen dankalin turawa. Rage yawan ƙarar ya zo a daidai lokacin da masana'antar dankalin turawa ke shirye don fadadawa. A wata guda da ya gabata, kamfanonin sarrafa dankalin turawa suna shirin rattaba hannu kan kwangilar karin hectare na dankalin turawa. Cavendish Farms ya buɗe wani shuka dala miliyan 400 a bara, kuma JR Simplot ya kashe dala miliyan 450 don ninka girman shukar nasa. Ana sa ran za a dasa karin hekta 3500 a bana domin biyan bukatun sabbin tsiron. Kuma tuni manoman suka zuba jari mai yawa a kan haka ta hanyar sayen iri da takin zamani.
Bukatar dillalan kayayyakin dankalin turawa da ba su da ruwa ya yi tashin gwauron zabi
Yayin da masana'antun sabis na abinci ke fama da asarar kuɗi da kuma kora daga aiki, kamfanonin da ke yiwa abokan cinikin dillalai suna fuskantar sabanin haka. Misali ɗaya shine Kayan Abincin Idahoan busassun shuka dankalin turawa. Wanda ya kera kayayyakin dankalin turawa, ya ba da rahoton cewa tallace-tallace ya karu da kashi 250% a cikin Maris. Kamfanin da ke Idaho Falls ne ke kan gaba wajen siyar da dankalin da aka daka a nan take a Amurka. Don biyan buƙatun girma, Idahoan Foods na neman ƙarin ma'aikata 100.
Ƙungiyar dankalin turawa ta Dutch tana binciken hanyoyin da za a magance sarrafa dankalin turawa
Nederlandse Aardappel Organisatie (NAO, kungiyar dankalin turawa ta Dutch) ta bayyana goyon bayanta ga mambobinta wadanda ke fuskantar kalubalen da ba a zata ba sakamakon rikicin COVID-19. A shafinta na yanar gizo, NAO ta yarda cewa, akwai kamfanoni da ke fafutukar ci gaba, alal misali a kasuwar dankalin turawa, yayin da kasuwar abinci ta bace gaba daya, don haka kamfanonin suka daina. “Mamaki da rashin tabbas su ne abin da ya fi daukar hankalin mahalarta taron. Muna yin iya ƙoƙarinmu don tattaunawa da gwamnati game da lamarin da ƙoƙarin rage barnar da aka samu, "in ji kungiyar dankalin turawa ta Dutch a cikin wata sanarwa. Yawan dankalin turawa don sarrafa masana'antu na barazanar ci gaba da kasancewa ba a sayar da su ba saboda faɗuwar buƙatun, musamman daga masana'antar guntu. An tattauna wannan ne da Ministan Noma da sauran abokan huldar masana’antu. A halin yanzu ana neman mafita don zubar da hannun jari a zahiri kafin farkon sabuwar kakar, da kuma tantance cancantar tallafin gwamnati.
Masu noman dankalin turawa suna tsammanin asarar kuɗi tsakanin Yuro miliyan 160 zuwa Yuro miliyan 200 a cikin watanni masu zuwa sakamakon daskare kwatsam na kusan tan miliyan ɗaya na dankali. Wannan yana haifar da matsalolin kuɗi masu tsanani ga masu shuka waɗanda suka kware a cikin ajiyar dankali na dogon lokaci. Masana'antar dafa abinci (na ƙasa da ƙasa) tana ɗaukar kusan kashi 80% na jimillar tallace-tallacen masana'antar sarrafa dankalin turawa. A cikin makonni biyu da suka gabata, buƙatun ya ragu da kashi 90% saboda rufe wuraren cin abinci.
Ana ba da janareta na Ethylene kyauta
Restrain, masana'anta kuma mai rarraba fasahar hana tsirowar ethylene, ya sanar da cewa yanzu yana samar da kayan aikin sa kyauta don amfani da kamfanonin ajiyar dankalin turawa masu sha'awar. Farashin kawai shine € 195 Restrain firikwensin da kuma yawan amfani da ethanol. Kamfanin ya ce wannan wata alama ce ta fatan alheri ga masu noman da ke bukatar dogon dankwali saboda rikicin COVID-19, wanda a halin yanzu ke kawo cikas ga masana'antar a yawancin manyan kasashen da suke noman dankalin turawa a Turai da sauran wurare.
Halin da ake ciki a Rasha
A cikin watan da ya gabata, labarai na fasaha game da girma dankali a zahiri baya bayyana a cikin sararin bayanan duniya, yana ba da damar yin nazarin halin da ake ciki da kuma hasashen kasuwa dangane da cutar amai da gudawa. Menene za a yi da dankalin da ba za a iya sarrafa su cikin kwakwalwan kwamfuta da soya ba, da kuma yadda za a tsara kakar filin na gaba? Waɗannan su ne manyan batutuwan da ke da matsala a cikin tsarin samar da kwangila a ƙasashen waje da kuma cikin EU. Ragewar da aka yi niyya a cikin juzu'in sarrafa masana'antu da kashi 20-30% a cikin lokacin 2020-2021 a bayyane zai bayyana a cikin kwangiloli don siyan kayan masarufi a Rasha, idan cutar ta ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen bazara, aƙalla. Ba mu ji wata sanarwa a bainar jama'a ba game da wannan daga masu canza canjin, amma dole ne mu fahimci cewa waɗannan kamfanoni ne na ƙasashen waje waɗanda ke da manufa guda ɗaya da ka'idodin aiki, ba tare da la'akari da wurin da shuka take ba.
Amfanin dankalin turawa a cikin dillalai da abinci masu dacewa don dafa abinci a gida ya ƙaru sosai kwanan nan a duniya. Duk da haka, ta yaya wannan yanayin zai kasance mai dorewa don tsara haɓakar acreage? Don saduwa da ƙarin bukatu na sashin tallace-tallace, adadin samar da kayayyaki a cikin manyan sassan sun isa sosai. Dangane da haka, kiran da ma'aikatar noma ta yi na kara yawan kayan lambu a shekarar 2020 da kashi 25% ya ja hankalin jama'a (an gudanar da taro na musamman kan hakan a farkon watan Afrilu). Kuna iya ƙarawa, amma sai me? An riga an nuna raguwar samun kudin shiga da kashi 17% a cikin kwata na biyu, kuma yana iya yiwuwa, yin la'akari da wannan kuma a kan tushen rashin aikin yi na tilastawa, ɓangaren haɓakar yawan jama'a zai haɓaka samar da dankali da yawa. sauran kayan lambu a cikin dachas da lambunan kayan lambu. Kuma wannan ba zai ƙara ba, amma rage buƙatar dankali a cikin shaguna. Ainihin sashin tattalin arziki yana tsammanin daga gwamnati ba roƙon wuta ba, amma bayyanannun matakan da suka dace don tallafawa da haɓaka ba da yawa ba kamar ikon siye a cikin ƙasa. Shawarwari na sarƙoƙi na tallace-tallace game da haɓakar farashi, da sha'awar lamirinsu bai isa ba. Lokaci ya yi da za a matsa zuwa matakin ƙwararru na ƙa'idojin tattalin arziƙin ƙasa tare da ɗaukar ƙaƙƙarfan dokoki game da ƙayyadaddun ragi na kasuwanci akan kayan lambu, da duk sauran kayayyakin abinci, bisa tabbatar da mafi ƙarancin farashin sayayya na shekara-shekara wanda ke ba da tabbacin samun riba mai yawa a cikin ƙasa. Amma babu wasu sauye-sauye ko labarai da ake tsammanin kan wannan batu. Don haka, za mu iya fatan cewa 'yan wasan kasuwa na yanzu da masu zuba jari a cikin farin ciki da aka bunkasa a kasuwannin tallace-tallace za su guje wa maimaita kuskuren 2011, lokacin da kowa ya yi gaggawar shuka dankali bayan fari mai tsanani a shekara ta 2010 da kuma sakamakon karancin girbi. kuma farashin yana ƙaruwa. Adadin ya karu a lokaci daya, amma farashin ya fadi ta yadda kowa ya tuna da shi.