A hanya na pathological aiwatar da dankalin turawa rhizoctoniosis yana da matukar tasiri da girman da pathogens yawan a cikin ƙasa da kuma iri tubers. A karkashin yanayin Siberiya, kamuwa da ƙasa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa idan aka kwatanta da kamuwa da cutar tuber, duk da haka, a farkon matakan ci gaban cutar, tuber inoculum yana da mahimmanci.
Yin la'akari da siffofin nazarin halittu da aka nuna na wakili na causative na dankalin turawa rhizoctoniosis, don rage yawan cutar da cutar, ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa da inganta ingancin samfurori, ya zama dole a yi amfani da tsarin aikin noma wanda ke rage yawan adadin. da pathogen duka a kan iri tubers da kuma a cikin ƙasa.
Idan babu farkon kamuwa da cuta a cikin ƙasa, ana iya shuka dankali akan sha'ir, hatsi, rapeseed da mustard, kuma dole ne a bi da tubers da fungicides kafin dasa. Sa'an nan, a cikin seedling lokaci, za mu iya sa ran ci gaban rhizoctonia a cikin kewayon 9-10%.
Lokacin dasa kayan shuka da ba a kula da su ba, wannan alamar za ta karu da 3-5%. Idan ba za a iya noma amfanin gona bisa ga magabata na sama ba, za a iya sanya shi a kan alkama, to, ci gaban cutar zai kasance a matakin 14% tare da maganin tubers kuma 20% ba tare da magani ba.
Idan ƙasan filayen tana zaune ne ta hanyar wakili na rhizoctoniosis, to ya fi kyau shuka dankali akan irin amfanin gona na baya kamar hatsi, rapeseed da mustard. A wannan yanayin, ci gaban rhizoctoniosis zai kai 13-15% duka akan shuke-shuken da aka girma daga tubers masu maganin fungicides da waɗanda aka samu daga kayan dashen da ba a kula da su ba.
Lokacin da ake noman amfanin gona na alkama da sha'ir, dole ne a fesa tubers tare da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta kafin shuka, misali, Maxim 0,25 KS, wanda zai rage lalacewar dankalin turawa zuwa 7,5%.
A lokacin budding - farkon fure a ƙasa ba tare da R. Solani ba, ana lura da mafi ƙarancin ci gaban cutar ga waɗanda suka gabace su kamar rapeseed da hatsi - 16 da 19%, bi da bi, idan an bi da tubers tare da disinfectant kafin dasa shuki. . Wannan nuna alama ya dan kadan mafi girma ga alkama, sha'ir da mustard - 22-25%. Idan ba a kula da kayan dasa shuki ba, to, a wannan lokacin ci gaban cutar akan dankali don ma'aunin hatsi da mustard ya kai kusan matakin 27-32%. Banda shi ne irin rapeseed, inda ci gaban rhizoctoniosis shine 22%.
Ciyar da dankali a cikin ƙasa mai kamuwa da R. Solani don hatsi, rapeseed da mustard a hade tare da suturar bazara na tubers tare da Maxim 0,25 KS yana kiyaye kamuwa da cutar da amfanin gona tare da rhizoctoniosis a matakin 26-32%. Ga sha'ir da alkama, wannan adadi ya fi girma kuma ya kai 37-44%. Sanya dashen dankalin turawa a kan ƙasa mai kamuwa da ƙin kula da dasa tubers tare da maganin fungicides yana haɓaka tsarin cututtukan cututtuka. Ci gaban rhizoctoniosis a cikin wannan yanayin don mustard shine 33%, ga sha'ir, hatsi da rapeseed - 37-40, da alkama - 53%.
Namo dankali bayan dankali take kaiwa zuwa gagarumin lalacewar shuke-shuke da cutar a ko'ina cikin dukan girma kakar.
Noma na amfanin gona bisa ga daban-daban magabata, kazalika da yin amfani da disinfectant, ba da damar ba kawai don tsara phytosanitary jihar agrocenosis, amma kuma inganta ingancin sakamakon da kayayyakin.
Sanya dankali a cikin ƙasa kyauta daga wakilin causative na rhizoctoniosis, da kuma yin amfani da kayan dasa da aka lalata, ya sa ya yiwu a yi girma a kan dukkanin hatsi da kabeji na sama. A wannan yanayin, yawan amfanin ƙasa na tubers masu lafiya daga 19-22 t / ha. Idan ba a bi da tubers kafin dasa shuki ba, to ana lura da raguwar ingancin sabon amfanin gona. An rage tarin tubers masu lafiya da 1-3 t / ha, dangane da amfanin gona na baya.
Hoto daban-daban yana tasowa idan ƙasar da ke ƙarƙashin dankalin turawa ta cika da naman gwari. A wannan yanayin, lokacin yin suturar kayan shuka tare da Maxim 0,25 KS, mafi kyawun magabata shine hatsi, rapeseed da mustard. Suna ba ka damar ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa na tubers masu lafiya har zuwa 16-18 t / ha, yayin da alkama da sha'ir - kawai har zuwa 13-14 t / ha. Idan tubers ba a bi da su tare da fungicides, to, ya zama dole don shuka dankali bisa ga magabata na sama. Wannan ba ka damar samun amfanin gona na ingancin tubers a matakin 13-14 t / ha. Alkama da sha'ir sun kasance magabata mafi muni a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi: a nan wannan alamar zata kasance 11-12 t / ha.
Noman dankali bayan dankali yana haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin ingancin samfuran da aka samu.
Sai kawai ta hanyar zalunta kayan dasa shuki tare da disinfectant, zaka iya samun 13 t / g na tubers masu lafiya, kuma a wasu lokuta wannan adadi bai wuce 8-9 t / ha ba.
Don samun yawan amfanin ƙasa mai inganci a cikin ƙasa kyauta daga wakili na rhizoctoniosis, jiyya na bazara na tubers tare da fungicides da amfani da alkama, sha'ir, hatsi, rapeseed ko mustard a matsayin amfanin gona na baya ya zama dole.
Kasancewar R. solani a cikin ƙasa yana buƙatar haɓaka ƙasa ta farko tare da taimakon hatsi, rapeseed da mustard da suturar kayan dasa dole.
A cikin yanayin jujjuyawar amfanin gona tare da ɗan gajeren juyawa, don haɓaka dashen dankalin turawa daga wakili mai haifar da rhizoctoniosis, wajibi ne a gabatar da precursor na phytosanitary ( hatsi, Sarepta mustard, rapeseed bazara) da kuma bi da kayan dasa tare da fungicides. Noman mustard da tsaba na rapes a matsayin mafari yana ba da damar rage yawan naman gwari na R. solani da 50-55% a farkon lokacin girma don dankali, da 5% na hatsi. Ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da alkama da sha'ir azaman mafari ba, kamar yadda suna taimakawa wajen tara ƙwayoyin cuta (lambar yana ƙaruwa da 16 da 51%, bi da bi).
Canji a cikin ƙasa yawan R. Solani karkashin hatsi da kabeji magabata rage ci gaban rhizoctoniosis a kan dankalin turawa mai tushe a farkon matakai na ontogenesis da 53-70%, da kuma a karshe matakai da 31-50% da kuma ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa. lafiya tubers da 66-86% idan aka kwatanta da dankali sanya a kan dankali (9,7 t / ha).
Tsarin kariyar amfanin gona, gami da noman dankali akan hatsi, mustard Sarepta, rapeseed bazara da kuma kula da tubers kafin dasa shuki tare da disinfectant na zamani na zamani Maxim 0,25 KS, yana ba da raguwar haɓakar cutar ta 54-64, 46 -67 da 44-61% da kuma ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa na lafiya tubers da 88, 69 da kuma 76%. Har ila yau hadaddun hanyoyin da ke sama suna inganta ingancin samfuran da aka samu, suna rage yawan jama'arta tare da sclerotia da 12-14%.
Jerin littattafan da aka yi amfani da su:
1. Shaldyaeva E.M. Kula da rhizoctoniosis a cikin dankalin turawa agroecosystems a Yammacin Siberiya / E.M. Shaldyaeva, Yu.V. Pilipova, N.M. Konyaev. -
Novosibirsk, 2006. - 196 p.
2. Shaldyaeva E.M. Inganta yanayin phytosanitary na shuka
dankali lokacin amfani da rapeseed spring azaman koren taki
al'ada / E.M. Shaldyaeva, Yu.V. Pilipova, M.P. Shatunova // Kariya
tsire-tsire a Siberiya: Sat. kimiyya tr. malamai da daliban da suka kammala digiri na Faculty of Plant Protection. - Novosibirsk, 2003. - S. 77-83