Alexander Skvortsov, Shugaban Dankali, SumiAgro
Lokacin 2021, kamar wanda ya gabata, masu noman dankalin turawa na Rasha za su tuna da shi don ba mafi kyawun yanayin yanayi ba. An sake samun fari kuma, sakamakon rashin wadatuwa a yankuna da dama, da karancin girbin amfanin gona a kasar baki daya. Kadan ne suka yi tsammanin irin wannan yanayin. Saboda haka, ƙaddamarwa mai sauƙi tana nuna kanta - don yin kisa don yawan amfanin ƙasa, musamman ma lokacin girma a kan busasshiyar ƙasa, aiki ne marar godiya, yanayin zai iya "gyara" kowane ƙididdiga. Yana da mahimmanci don gina fasaha dangane da haɓakawa da matsakaicin daidaitawa zuwa yanayi maras tabbas da yanayi daban-daban.
Kamfanin SumiAgro koyaushe yana ba manoma ingantaccen ingantaccen mafita. Tun daga 2021, fayil ɗin kamfanin ya haɗa da Prestige® wakili mai suturar kwari-fungicide. Wannan samfurin yana da aminci yana kare tsiron dankalin turawa daga babban pathogen - cutar rhizoctonia, kuma yana sarrafa kwari a farkon rabin lokacin girma.
Menene ya canza a Prestige® Treater? SumiAgro ya watsar da tsari a cikin kasar kuma ya mayar da ingancin zuwa matakin mafi girma, ana sake samar da samfurin a cikin masana'antun Turai. Amma ba haka ba ne: a cikin bazara na 2021, bisa ga VNIIF, an yi gwajin gwaji a kan gaurayawan tanki na Prestige® tare da azoxystrobin (1 l / ha don shiri) da thiophanate-methyl (dosages guda biyu 1,0 da 1,5 l / ha don shiri). Thiophanate-methyl shine kayan aiki mai aiki na Topsin-M® fungicide (500 g / l), wanda aka fi amfani dashi don kare hatsi daga rubewa. A cikin duniya, kuma, musamman, a Arewacin Amirka, ana amfani da kwayoyin thiophanate-methyl a yawancin amfanin gona, ciki har da suturar dankalin turawa. Bakan cututtukan da ake sarrafawa suna da faɗi sosai. A cikin 2021, an yi amfani da kayan iri na nau'in dankalin turawa na Arizona, wanda rhizoctonia ya shafa sosai (7%), scab na azurfa (15%), da anthracnose (4%), don saita gwajin. Bugu da ƙari, an dasa tubers a filin gwaji inda aka shuka dankali na shekaru da yawa. Don haka, an gudanar da karatun a kan babban kamuwa da cuta na daban-daban dankalin turawa pathogens... An yi amfani da gaurayawan tanki yayin dasawa. An kuma gudanar da daidaitaccen maganin ciyawa da kuma maganin fungicidal guda shida.
№ п / п | Zaɓi | Nau'in sarrafawa | Yawan amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi |
1 | Prestige® | Gabatar da kwayoyi a cikin ƙasa a lokacin dasa shuki | (3 l / ha) |
2 | Prestige® + Topsin M® | Gabatar da kwayoyi a cikin ƙasa a lokacin dasa shuki | (3 l / ha) + (1,0 l / ha) |
3 | Prestige® + Topsin M® | Gabatar da kwayoyi a cikin ƙasa a lokacin dasa shuki | (3 l / ha) + (1,5 l / ha) |
4 | Prestige® + azoxystrobin 250 g / l | Gabatar da kwayoyi a cikin ƙasa a lokacin dasa shuki | (3 l / ha) + (1,0 l / ha) |
5 | Sarrafa (ba tare da samfur) | Ba tare da sarrafawa ba | - |
An yi kididdigar matakin cutar da tsire-tsire ta hanyar rhizoctoniae sau uku a kowace kakar a cikin matakai: cikakken germination, fure, da rana ɗaya kafin girbi. An yi la'akari da kamuwa da tsire-tsire tare da anthracnose kwana ɗaya kafin girbi. An yi la'akari da kamuwa da cutar tubers tare da scab na azurfa da fusarium 5 makonni bayan girbi ta amfani da hanyar bayyanawa (MA Kuznetsova, 2007). An sami sakamako mai ban sha'awa (duba tebur a ƙasa).
Siffofin phytometric na tsire-tsire dankalin turawa da haɓaka Rhizoctonia Solani a matakai daban-daban na haɓaka shuka (iri iri-iri Arizona, VNIIF, Ramenskaya Gorka, 2021)
№№ | Zabuka | Matsakaicin adadin mai tushe (pcs / daji) | 1Adadin masu tushe da abin ya shafa,% | 2Adadin masu tushe da abin ya shafa,% | 3Adadin masu tushe da abin ya shafa,% | Matsakaicin matsakaicin lalacewar mai tushe, maki | Matsakaicin matakin kamuwa da stolon, maki | 3Lalacewar tubers yayin girbi,% |
1 | Prestige® (3 l / ha) | 5,41 / 5,522/ 5,53 | 1,3 | 3,8 | 11,4 | raka'a1... / 0,32/ 0,43 | raka'a1 / naúrar2 / naúrar3 | 03 |
2 | Prestige® (3 l / ha) + Topsin-M® (1,0 l / ha) | 5,5 / 5,5 / 5,5 | 1,5 | 4,1 | 10,8 | raka'a / 0,3 / 0,4 | raka'a / unit / naúrar | 03 |
3 | Prestige® (3 l / ha) + Topsin-M® (1,5 l / ha) | 5,6 / 5,5 / 5,5 | 1,2 | 3,7 | 7,1 | raka'a / 0,2 / 0,3 | naúrar / naúrar / naúrar | 03 |
4 | Prestige® (3 l / ha) + azoxystrobin 250 g / l (1,0 l / ha) | 5,5 / 5,6 / 5,5 | 0 | 1,2 | 3,6 | 0 / raka'a / 0,2 | raka'a / unit / naúrar | 03 |
7 | Sarrafa (ba a sarrafa) | 4,5 / 4,5 / 4,4 | 26,2 | 56,1 | 60,3 | 1,0 / 2,0 / 2,0 | 1,0 / 2,0 / 2,0 | 0 |
NDS0,95 | 0,2 / 0,2 / 0,3 | 3,0 | 3,2 | 4,0 | 0/0,2/0,3 | 0/1 | - |
2 lokacin da aka la'akari da lokacin fure na shuke-shuke
3 ranar da za a girbi
Prestige® ya tabbatar da zama samfur mai tasiri sosai akan rhizoctonia. Bugu da ƙari na Topsin-M® da azoxystrobin a matsayin abokin tarayya ya kara yawan aiki kuma ya rage lalacewa ga mai tushe yayin duk ukun. An ba da sakamako mafi girma ta hanyar ƙari na Topsin-M® 1,5 l da azoxystrobin (250 g / l) 1,0 l / ha, a cikin tasirin wanda babu wani bambance-bambance a cikin ƙididdiga na biyu da na uku. Duk zaɓuɓɓuka sun ba da kariya ɗari bisa ɗari na stolons kuma, mafi mahimmanci, tubers, da miyagun ƙwayoyi sun yi kyakkyawan aiki tare da aikin ba tare da ƙara abokan tarayya ba.
Cutar da tsire-tsire na dankalin turawa tare da anthracnose a matakin ƙarshe na haɓaka,% (iri-iri Arizona, VNIIF, Ramenskaya Gorka, 2021).)
№№ | Zabuka | Cutar da tsire-tsire tare da anthracnose,% |
1 | Prestige® (3 l / ha) | 12,6 |
2 | Prestige® (3 l / ha) + Topsin-M® (1,0 l / ha) | 9,7 |
3 | Prestige® (3 l / ha) + Topsin-M® (1,5 l / ha) | 8,6 |
4 | Prestige® (3 l / ha) + azoxystrobin 250 g / l (1,0 l / ha) | 5,3 |
5 | Sarrafa (ba a sarrafa) | 14,3 |
NDS0,95 | 3,9 |
An lura da irin wannan sakamako a cikin kula da anthracnose, yin amfani da gaurayawan tanki ya karu da sarrafa wannan pathogen, matsakaicin ya sake ba da Topsin-M® 1,5 l / ha da azoxystrobin (250 g / l) 1,0 l / ha.
Cutar da tubers dankalin turawa tare da scab na kowa, scab azurfa da kuma marigayi blight-fusarium rot,% (iri-iri Arizona, VNIIF, "Ramenskaya Gorka", 2021)
№№ | Zabuka | Ciwon tubers tare da scab na kowa,% | Ƙaunar tubers tare da scab mai launin azurfa, *% | Kamuwa da tubers ta ƙarshen blight-fusarium rot,% |
1 | Prestige® (3 l / ha) | 0 | 3,2 | 2,2 |
2 | Prestige® (3 l / ha) + Topsin-M® (1,0 l / ha) | 0 | 2,7 | 1,9 |
3 | Prestige® (3 l / ha) + Topsin-M® (1,5 l / ha) | 0 | 2,8 | 2,3 |
4 | Prestige® (3 l / ha) + azoxystrobin 250 g / l (1,0 l / ha) | 0 | 1,8 | 2,2 |
7 | Sarrafa (ba a sarrafa) | 0 | 9,7 | 2,3 |
NDS0,95 | 0 | 1,5 | 0,9 |
Yanayin 2021 bai yarda da haɓakar scab na gama gari ba: samuwar tubers ya faru a lokacin lokacin ruwan sama mai yawa kuma, saboda haka, babban danshi na ƙasa, wanda bai ƙyale actinomycete ya shiga cikin samar da tubers na dankalin turawa iri-iri na Arizona. A cikin duk bambance-bambancen gwajin, an sami raguwa mai yawa a cikin shan kashi na scab na silvery idan aka kwatanta da sarrafawa (sau 3 ko fiye), gami da lokacin sarrafawa tare da Prestige® a cikin tsaftataccen tsari, wanda ke tabbatar da babban ingancin pencycuron akan gaba. wannan pathogen. Ƙarin thiophanate-methyl a cikin allurai biyu da azoxystrobin ya kara rage raunin scab na silvery. Dukansu cututtuka an ƙidaya makonni 5 bayan an dage farawa tubers don ajiya.
Ana nuna sakamakon amfanin ƙasa a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa.
Yawan dankalin turawa (НСР 0,95= 27,5) da kuma marketability na tubers a cikin kwatanta bambance-bambancen na gwaji, iri-iri Arizona, VNIIF, "Ramenskaya Gorka", 2021, (NSR). 0,95 = 3,7)
Ƙara yawan amfanin dankali a cikin bambance-bambancen da aka gwada idan aka kwatanta da kulawar kariya (jiyyai shida tare da fungicides akan marigayi blight da Alternaria) ya kasance daga 41,4 zuwa 52,2 c / ha. Amfani da Prestige® (3 l / ha) + Topsin-M® (1,5 l / ha), Prestige® (3 l / ha) + azoxystrobin 250 g / l (1,0 l / ha) ƙwayoyin cuta. Rhizoctonia Solani, Colletotrichum cocodes, Helminthosporium solani... An sami karuwa a cikin marketability na tubers daga 78% zuwa 87-89%. Bugu da ƙari ga sarrafawa (tare da jiyya na fungicidal shida) shine 52,2 da 49,4 c / ha, bi da bi. Bambanci tsakanin waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan ba su da mahimmanci a ƙididdiga, suna daidai da tasiri. Kusan bambance-bambancen ninki biyu a farashin kadada na al'ada na shirye-shiryen abokan tarayya yana nuna ingantaccen ingantaccen tattalin arziƙi na zaɓi na Prestige® 3,0 l / ha + Topsin-M® 1,5 l / ha. Don haka, shirye-shiryen kwari-fungicidal Prestige® amintaccen kariya ne na seedlings kuma yana iya zama kyakkyawan tushe don gaurayawan tanki (don filayen sarrafawa wanda ke da babban yanayin kamuwa da cuta).
A ƙarshe, Ina so in faɗi cewa yanzu babu wani bayani mai kyau a cikin ɓangaren dankalin turawa tubers miya. Mutane da yawa suna yin hada-hadar tanki, kuma Prestige® tabbataccen tushe ne a gare su. Wannan shine ainihin abin da gogewar da aka kwatanta a sama ta nuna.