Daga 1 ga Janairu zuwa Disamba 20, 2020, fitar da dankalin turawa na Rasha ya karu da 29% zuwa ton dubu 415 *. A cikin sharuddan kuɗi, adadin kayayyaki ya karu da 37% zuwa dala miliyan 49. Game da 28% na darajar tallace-tallace ya fadi akan dankalin iri, sauran - dankalin tebur da dankali don sarrafawa.
A cewar FCS, jerin kasashen da ake shigo da su daga kasashen waje a bana ya karu zuwa 26 sabanin 16 a shekarar 2019, amma har yanzu manyan masu sayen tubers su ne kasashe makwabta.
Don haka, an fitar da ton dubu 174 zuwa Ukraine, wanda shine 11% fiye da daidai wannan lokacin a cikin 2019, darajar dala miliyan 16 (+ 16%). Turkmenistan ta dauki matsayi na biyu a wannan shekara, tun da 2020 ke bunkasa noman dankalin turawa. A sakamakon haka, kasar ta sayi ton dubu 34 na dankali daga Rasha kan dala miliyan 11, yayin da adadin bara ya kai tan 308 kan dala dubu 90. Kashi biyu bisa uku na adadin da aka fitar zuwa Turkmenistan ya fada kan dankalin iri.
Har ila yau, Uzbekistan ya karu da kayayyaki: a cikin sharuddan darajar, fitarwa zuwa wannan ƙasa ya karu sau 11 zuwa dala miliyan 8,2, a cikin jiki - sau 50 zuwa 83 dubu ton. Manyan masu shigo da kayayyaki 5 sun hada da Azerbaijan, kasa ta biyu mafi yawan masu siyan dankalin iri na Rasha bayan Turkmenistan, da Moldova.
Ci gaban fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje ya samo asali ne saboda wasu dalilai, Aleksey Krasilnikov, babban darektan kungiyar dankalin turawa, ya shaida wa Agroexport. “Ukraine, wacce ta fi kowace kasa sayen dankalin Rasha, ta samu karancin girbi a bara, sakamakon yadda shigo da kayayyaki daga kasashen ketare ya karu sosai. Har ila yau, muna ganin ci gaba daga Uzbekistan da Azerbaijan, inda ake fitar da dankalin tebur da iri. Bugu da kari, a daidai lokacin da aka samu girbi mai kyau na Rasha a cikin 2019, kayayyaki sun karu zuwa kasashe irin su Moldova da Serbia, inda samfurin Rasha ya kasance mai fa'ida sosai. Sun ɗanɗana dankalinmu a can, don haka ina tsammanin za a adana waɗannan tashoshi a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, "in ji Krasilnikov.
Baya ga dankali, a cikin 2020 Rasha ta ba da kusan ton dubu 50 na kayayyakin sarrafa dankalin turawa wanda darajarsu ta kai dalar Amurka miliyan 50 ga kasuwannin kusan kasashe 101. A zahiri da darajar, adadin fitar da kayayyaki ya karu da kashi 11% idan aka kwatanta da daidai wannan lokacin a shekarar 2019. **. Ciki har da dankalin da ba a daskarewa (kwakwalwa, abun ciye-ciye, busassun dankalin turawa, da dai sauransu), ton dubu 32 (+ 16%) darajar dalar Amurka miliyan 85 (+ 15%) an aika, dankalin da aka sarrafa daskararre (soyayyen Faransa, da sauransu) - 5,7 , 10 ton dubu (+ 4,9%) na dala miliyan 5,6 (-8,2%), dankalin turawa - 2,6 dubu ton (-8,9%) darajar dala miliyan 9,3 (- 3,7%), sitaci dankalin turawa - 8,2 dubu ton (+ 2,2%) a cikin adadin dalar Amurka miliyan 0,9 (-XNUMX%).
Kasuwar duniya
A cewar FAO, girbin dankalin turawa a duniya a shekarar 2018 ya kai tan miliyan 368. Manyan masu samar da ita sune China (ton miliyan 90), Indiya (ton miliyan 49) da Ukraine (ton miliyan 22,5). Rasha a cikin kididdigar kungiyar tana cikin matsayi na 4 tare da jimlar samar da adadin ton miliyan 22,4, la'akari da gidaje na yawan jama'a.
A cikin 2019, kasuwar dankalin turawa ta duniya ta karu zuwa ton miliyan 371 kuma a cikin sharuddan darajar ta kai dala biliyan 140,5, kimanta IndexBox. Daga 2007 zuwa 2019, adadin kasuwannin duniya ya karu a matsakaicin adadin shekara-shekara na 3% kuma ana sa ran ingantaccen yanayin zai ci gaba cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa.
Dangane da Taswirar Ciniki ta ITC, shigo da dankalin turawa na duniya a cikin 2010-2019 ya karu da 57% zuwa dala biliyan 5,2. Mafi yawan masu shigo da sabbin kayayyaki da sanyi sune ƙasashen EU - Belgium (14%), Netherlands (8,3%), Jamus ( 6,7%), kuma a waje da shi - Amurka (4,2%) da Burtaniya (2,8%). Manyan masu fitar da kayayyaki sune Netherlands (20%), Faransa (17%), Jamus (8,9%).
Shigo da samfuran dankalin turawa na duniya ya fi girma: a cikin 2019 sun kai dala biliyan 11,9, wanda ya karu da 10% a cikin shekaru 65 da suka gabata. Daga cikin masu shigo da kaya shugabannin sun hada da Amurka (12%), Burtaniya (7,7%), Faransa (7,4%), masu fitar da kayayyaki - Belgium (23%), Netherlands (21%) da Amurka (14%). Kimanin kashi 66% na shigo da kayan dankalin turawa a duniya sun hada da dankalin da aka sarrafa daskararre (musamman soyayyen Faransa), 20% - samfuran dankalin turawa marasa daskarewa, 7,2% - sitaci, 5,2% - flakes, 1,5% - gari dankalin turawa da foda.
Al'amura ga Rasha
A cikin lokacin 2020/21 (Yuni-Mayu), fitar da kayayyaki na Rasha na iya fuskantar mummunan tasiri sakamakon raguwar yawan girbin dankali a Rasha. “Yankin da ake noman noman a shekarar 2020 ya ragu da hekta dubu 20, kuma yawan amfanin gona na iya yin kasa da yadda aka yi a shekarar da ta gabata, inda a cewar bayanan hukuma, an hako tan miliyan 7,6 a bangaren kayayyaki,” in ji Krasilnikov.
Rasha tana da gagarumin yuwuwar haɓaka isar da kayayyaki zuwa fitarwa, Krasilnikov ya tabbata. "A cikin Caucasus, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, sannu a hankali suna canzawa zuwa siyan iri da dankalin tebur daga ƙasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya zuwa samfuran Rasha, kuma matsayinmu a can yana girma a hankali. Saboda shawarar haɓaka yankin a ƙarƙashin dankali, Turkmenistan a cikin shekaru masu zuwa kuma za ta kasance tashar tallace-tallace mai girma, da farko don dankalin iri, "Krasilnikov ya kimanta.
Har ila yau, akwai babban tasiri wajen samar da kayayyakin sarrafa dankalin turawa zuwa kasuwannin kasashen waje. Don haka, Lam Weston Belaya Dacha, mafi girma a Rasha na fries na Faransa, yana la'akari da yiwuwar gina layin samar da kayayyaki na biyu a yankin Lipetsk, kuma fitarwa zai kasance daya daga cikin manyan tashoshin tallace-tallace don ƙarin girma, Krasilnikov ya tabbata. Ya kara da cewa, "An riga an samar da kayayyaki ga Isra'ila, Arewacin Afirka, Turai ta Tsakiya, wanda ya nuna cewa ana bukatar ingancin kayayyakin Rasha a kasuwannin waje," in ji shi. A nan gaba, ana sa ran karuwar samarwa da fitar da guntun dankalin turawa da flakes. “Sarrafa dankalin turawa zuwa flakes da guntu yana samun ci gaba. Tuni yanzu, ana fitar da flakes daga China zuwa Latin Amurka, amfanin wannan shugabanci na aiki shine ƙarancin buƙatun don albarkatun ƙasa, da kuma rayuwa mai tsayi mai tsayi, "in ji Krasilnikov.
* bayanai don EAEU na Janairu-Oktoba
** Lambobin TN VED 110510, 110520, 110813, 200410, 200520