A ƙarshen Disamba, mujallar "Tsarin Dankali" ta shirya gidan yanar gizo wanda aka keɓe don ire-iren irin dankalin zamani. Gidan yanar gizon ya sami halartar wakilan sanannun kamfanonin kiwo da kamfanonin iri dake aiki a kasuwar Rasha. Kowane kamfani ya gaya wa masu sauraro fa'idodi da siffofin nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke layinsu.
Mun yanke shawarar adana wannan bayanan masu amfani ga masu karatun mu ta hanyar buga shi a shafin a matsayin jerin makaloli.
Abun ƙarshe a cikin wannan zagayen an sadaukar dashi ne don farkon girma iri KOROLEVA ANNA da zaɓi na LABELLA SOLARIUM... Mai magana: Natalia Morozova, Shugabar Sashen Dankali, Seedungiyar Seedan Jamusawa.
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Haɗin Seedan Jamusawa haɗin gwiwa ne na manyan kamfanonin kiwo iri a cikin Jamus.
Tun daga 2011, Seedungiyar Seedan Jamusawa ke wakiltar bukatun Rasha ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ta, kamfanin Solana, yana ba da kayan shuka daga Jamus da Netherlands (nau'ikan 25 na zaɓin Solana an ƙara su a cikin Rijistar Jiha na Noma na reedasar ta Rasha), tare da sayar da dankalin turawa da aka samar a ƙarƙashin lasisin Solana a cikin rassa rassa da kamfanonin haɗin gwiwa a Rasha.
Kowace shekara kamfanin yana shirya adadi mai yawa na demo a cikin ƙasarmu (a cikin 2020, fiye da filaye 200 an sanya su a yankuna 30 don dankali kawai). Irin wannan aikin yana ba mutum damar samun gamsuwa game da bambancin yanayi, halayyar nau'ikan iri-iri a cikin ƙasa daban-daban, yanayi mai kyau da yanayin rashin kiyayewa.
Salo iri-iri yana da fadi sosai; Manoman dankalin turawa suna sane da irin wadannan nau'ikan kamar BELMONDA, LILLI, RED LADY, RODRIGA, KOROLEVA ANNA, LYUDMILA (don sarrafa shi a cikin soyayyen faransan), VERDI da OPAL (samar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta).
A yau zamuyi magana dalla-dalla game da shahararrun nau'ikan amfani tebur guda biyu.
SARAUNIYA ANNA
Bambance-bambancen na farkon rukuni ne na girma, lokacin ciyayi: kwanaki 70-80 daga lokacin fitowar su. A cikin Rijistar Jiha tun daga 2015.
Nau'in iri-iri yana da suna mai girma kuma yana tabbatar da shi cikakke. Yana tsaye don fitowar sa ta farko, dace da wanka, tsabtatawa, marufi. Launin fata launin rawaya ne, idanu na waje ne. Tubers suna da elongated-oval a cikin sura, tare da babban darajar daidaito. Launin ɓangaren litattafan almara shine rawaya.
Yana da halin kyakkyawan dandano. Abincin sitaci 13-15%.
Nau'in iri-iri ne-tuber (har zuwa guda 20 inji mai kwakwalwa. Per daji), yawan samarwa (samar 50-65 t / ha). Kasuwa: 82-96%. Nauyin tuber mai kasuwa, a kan matsakaici, daga 84 zuwa 140 g.
Ya dace da ajiyar dogon lokaci, kyakkyawan ƙimar kiyayewa - kusan kashi 93%.
Fasali na fasahar noma:
Nau'in iri-iri baya bukatar pre-germination na tsaba; yanayin zafin jiki ya wadatar.
Nuna sakamako mafi kyau akan ƙasa mai haske ko matsakaici.
Theasa ta fi sauƙi, tazara mafi girma tsakanin tubers. Zurfin dasa shawarar da aka ba da shi ya fi zurfin 2-3 cm fiye da yadda aka saba, tare da tsayin daka na kusan 18-20 cm daga sama.
A yankin Blackasar Baƙin Blackasashe, ya kamata a gudanar da kariya daga rhizoctonia.
Ba'a ba da shawarar cin dankalin Turawa na KOROLEVA ANNA iri-iri tare da nitrogen, ya kamata a rage adadin takin nitrogen da kashi 20% na al'ada.
Yakamata a bada kulawa ta musamman a lokacin fara girbi: makonni biyu shine mafi karancin lokacin kafin fara aiki bayan an gama lalata shi, to ya zama dole a gudanar da gwajin gwaji don tabbatar da cewa bawon ya zama cikakke kuma an ƙarfafa shi. Hakanan, ba a ba da shawarar aiwatar da tsaftacewa a yanayin zafi mai zafi ba, a cikin zafi.
An yarda da nau'ikan don noman a yankin Arewa maso Yamma, Tsakiya, Volgo-Vyatka, Central Black Earth, Arewacin Caucasian, Central Volga, Yamma da Gabashin Siberia. Tun daga 2021, an rarraba shi zuwa yankin Ural.
Darasi na biyu a cikin nazarin yau - LABELLA... Ya kasance daga rukunin matsakaici da wuri, lokacin girma: Kwanaki 75-85 daga fitowar sa yanzu.
Yana da kyan gani na musamman saboda zurfin launin ja mai zurfi. Idanun na waje ne, jiki rawaya ne. Sanannen sanannen ɗanɗano mai ƙarancin gaske, abun cikin sitaci shine 15-18%. Ya dace da wanka da marufi.
Nau'ikan iri-iri suna bayarwa (matsakaita masu nuna alama: daga 46 zuwa 60 t / ha). Kwancen Tuber: daga 14 zuwa 18. Kasuwa: 91-92%. Yawan tuber mai talla: daga 78 zuwa 102 g.
Yana nuna kansa cikakke a cikin ajiyar dogon lokaci, adana inganci shine 98%.
Fasali na fasahar noma:
Nau'in iri-iri sun dace da girma akan kusan kowane nau'in ƙasa, saboda juriyarsa ga tabo da tabo mai duhu, duk da haka, akan ƙasa mai haske yayin lokutan bushewa, shayarwar lokaci ya zama dole don haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Wani fasali daban na tubers shine fata biyu (watau, fata tare da ƙaramar fata). Saboda wannan, nau'ikan iri-iri suna da ƙarancin ƙwarewa ga lalacewar inji, kodayake har yanzu yana da kyau a girbe shi a cikin yanayi mai laushi.
Don samun girbi na farko, dole ne a geranƙantar da irin wannan nau'in.
LABELLA ba ta damu da metribuzin yayin maganin fitowar fitowar mutum.
Kasancewar rigar kakin yana da matukar mahimmanci, jiyya uku zuwa huɗu tare da magungunan kwari dole ne.
Don samar da iri, ya zama dole a fara ado lokacin da kashi 30% na tsirrai suka bayyana, kuma a maimaita kowane kwana 7.
Tare da barazanar kamuwa da cutar aphid, ana nuna amfani da magungunan kwari.
An bada shawarar yin maganin lokaci akan Alternaria. Nau'in iri-iri yana da matsakaiciyar juriya ga ƙarshen buguwa (5 cikin maki 9), saboda haka kuna buƙatar kulawa da jiyya akan ƙarshen cutar.
Don cikakkiyar fahimtar tasirin nau'ikan, masana sun ba da shawara cewa a yawaita shuka (lokacin da aka girma don dalilan tebur) kuma suyi aiki da hankali tare da nitrogen. Rabin da aka yi amfani da allurai na nitrogen da potassium (1: 2) yana da mahimmanci. Kar a cika shi da sinadarin nitrogen don kaucewa illar fatattaka da bayyanar rashi.
Nau'in iri-iri yana da rajista ta hukuma a cikin Yankin Tsakiya, Arewacin Caucasian, Middle Volga da Ural.