Gidan gwaje-gwaje na reshe na Cibiyar Kasafin Kudi ta Tarayya "Rosselkhoztsentr" a cikin yankin Krasnoyarsk ya ƙaddamar da wani sabon nau'in bincike - ganowa da gano kwayoyin halitta (GMOs) ta hanyar amfani da hanyar sarkar polymerase a ainihin lokacin.
A cikin ƙasa na Tarayyar Rasha, kasancewar GMOs a cikin abinci da hatsin abinci ana tsara su ta ka'idojin fasaha na Hukumar Kwastam TR CU 015/2011 "A kan amincin hatsi"; saboda haka, sarrafa abun ciki na GMOs a cikin hatsi. wajibi ne. Har ila yau, bisa ga dokar samar da iri (Dokar Tarayya No. 17.12.1997-FZ mai kwanan wata Disamba 149, 11, kamar yadda aka gyara a kan Yuni 2021, XNUMX), a kan yankin na Rasha Federation an haramta amfani da shuka (dasa) tsaba. na shuke-shuken da aka canza tsarin halittarsu ta amfani da hanyoyin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta. A halin yanzu, an karɓi sabuwar doka "A kan samar da iri" No. 454-FZ (yana aiki a ranar Satumba 1, 2023), bisa ga abin da duk kayan iri dole ne a gwada don abun ciki na GMO.
Halittar halitta da aka canza ta halitta ce mai rai wacce aka canza genotype ta hanyar wucin gadi ta amfani da hanyoyin injiniyan kwayoyin halitta don ba ta abubuwan da ake so. A aikin noma, ana amfani da injiniyan ƙwayoyin halitta don ƙirƙirar sabbin nau'ikan tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da juriya ga yanayin muhalli mara kyau da kwari, kuma suna da kyawawan haɓaka da halaye masu ɗanɗano.
Hanya mafi kyau don gano GMOs a cikin samfuran abinci da hatsi shine ainihin hanyar sarkar polymerase (PCR). Wannan hanya ce mai matuƙar mahimmanci kuma ingantaccen inganci dangane da maimaita zaɓin zaɓe na takamaiman sashe na DNA nucleic acid ta amfani da enzymes ƙarƙashin yanayin wucin gadi (in vitro). PCR yana ba ku damar nemo a cikin kayan da ake nazarin ɗan ƙaramin sashe na bayanan kwayoyin halitta wanda ke ƙunshe a cikin takamaiman jerin nucleotides na DNA na kowace halitta a cikin adadi mai yawa na sauran sassan DNA kuma ku ninka shi sau da yawa.
A cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na reshe na Cibiyar Kasafin Kudi ta Tarayya "Rosselkhoztsentr" a cikin yankin Krasnoyarsk, ana aiwatar da aikin cire DNA daga kayan shuka da kuma yin PCR ta amfani da sabbin kayan aikin da suka dace da buƙatun shirya dakin gwaje-gwaje na PCR. Amplification (samuwar kwafi da yawa na sassan DNA na chromosomal) ana yin su ta amfani da amplifier ANK-M, wanda aka haɗa a cikin rajistar kayan aunawa na tsarin Arshin FSIS. Na'urar ta ƙunshi thermoblock wanda ke kula da yanayin zafin da ake buƙata don amsawa kuma an tsara shi ta amfani da na'urar microcomputer da aka gina a ciki, kuma an sanye shi da na'urar gano haske wanda ke yin rikodin siginar kyalli daga gaurayar amsa don tsara tarin samfuran PCR.
Ana aiwatar da PCR ta amfani da na'urorin reagent waɗanda ke da babban (fiye da 90%) ingancin aikin PCR, babban hankali da ƙayyadaddun ganowa na GMOs, saduwa da buƙatun ƙasa da ƙasa don ma'aunin iyakokin ganowa (LOD) da iyakance ƙididdigewa. (LOQ), yana ƙunshe da iko mai kyau na ciki (VPK), wanda ke ba da damar ware sakamakon mummunan sakamako na ƙarya.
Mataki na farko na bincike don gano GMOs shine gwajin GMO - cikakken bincike don gano DNA na shuka da kuma gano takamaiman abubuwan kwayoyin halitta - wasu jerin tsari (masu haɓakawa da masu ƙarewa) da kwayoyin halitta. Idan an gano ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan, ana gano layukan da aka gyara ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta na takamaiman nau'in shuka.
A cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na reshe na Cibiyar Kasafin Kudi ta Tarayya "Rosselkhoztsentr" a cikin yankin Krasnoyarsk, ana gudanar da bincike don gano GMOs a cikin abinci da ciyar da hatsi da kuma a cikin tsaba na noma. Ana gudanar da aikin ne ta hanyar kwararru waɗanda aka horar da su a kan taken "Tsarin tantance GMOs a cikin samfuran asalin shuka ta amfani da PCR na ainihi" a Cibiyar Kasafin Kuɗi ta Tarayya "Cibiyar Tarayya don Nazarin Tsaro da Ingancin Hatsi da Its. Kayayyakin sarrafawa" a yankin Moscow.
Don haka, ƙwararrun dakunan gwaje-gwajen gwaji sun sami nasarar ƙware sabuwar hanya, ta zamani kuma mai ban sha'awa don nazarin kayan shuka don abun ciki na GMO. A nan gaba, an shirya shigar da wannan hanyar a cikin iyakokin amincewa da dakunan gwaje-gwaje ta hanyar tsarin ba da izini na Rasha.