Alexey Krasilnikov, Babban Darakta Kungiyar Dankali
A wannan shekara yaƙin neman zaɓe yana faruwa ne a ƙarƙashin yanayi na musamman, amma masana'antar dankalin turawa na fatan duk matsalolin da wannan bazarar da aka kawo a wannan bazara za su kasance a ƙarshen nesa da farkon lokacin girbi, girbin zai rama duk ƙoƙarin da albarkatu da aka saka a ciki.
Tsohuwar Dankalin Girbi & Isar da Samarwa da wuri
A cewar Ma'aikatar Kididdiga ta Tarayya, har zuwa 1 ga Afrilu, yawan adadin dankali na tsohuwar amfanin gona a cikin manyan kamfanonin kasuwancin gona a Rasha ya karu da kashi 9% sama da na bara a wannan ranar. Amma a zahiri, wannan adadi bai nuna daidai daidai da halin da ake ciki ba: a gaskiya, a wannan lokacin, albarkatun dankali na Rasha masu inganci sun riga sun ƙare.
Bayyana yanayin wannan, zamu iya cewa karancin dankali mai inganci a kasuwa tuni an ji shi a ƙarshen hunturu. A tsakiyar tsakiyar Maris, lokacin da mazaunan ƙasar suka fara yin kayan abinci, sha'awar dankali ma ta karu, a kan wannan tushen akwai tsalle a farashin (har zuwa 20 rubles / kg), kuma duk an sayar da sauran kundin ƙimar a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Wadancan masana'antun da suka sami damar kiyaye amfanin gonar har zuwa wannan lokaci sun sami kyakkyawan riba.
A yau, farashin dankali a kasuwa ya bambanta daga 10 zuwa 18 rubles / kg. A lokaci guda, wasu yankuna (musamman, Yankin Moscow, Jamhuriyar Tatarstan) lura cewa farashin dankali ta tsakiyar watan Mayu na wannan shekara ya kusan 20% mafi girma fiye da bara: ana sayar da samfuran a farashin 15-16 rubles / kg don yawan matsakaicin matsakaici. Ana sayar da kayan ƙarancin inganci ko'ina a farashin 7 rubles / kg.
Mun kuma lura cewa kusan daga tsakiyar lokacin hunturu, dankali na gida a kan shelves na kantunan Rasha sun yi gasa tare da wadanda aka shigo da su: a cewar Ma'aikatar Kwastam ta Tarayya, a cikin Janairu kimanin tan 300 na dankali daga Misira (a fili, rukunin gwaji) sun isa Rasha, a watan Fabrairu - fiye da tan dubu 6. A cewar masu cinikayya, an sayar da dankalin Turawa ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa a farashin daga 35 zuwa 45 rubles (farashin siye - 42 cents / kg) kuma, ba da darajar rage ruble ba, bai kawo riba mai yawa ga ƙungiyoyin cinikayya ba. Akwai shaidu cewa wasu batutuwan samfuran ma dole ne su zubar dasu.
Baya ga Masarawa, a yau a cikin kasuwannin gida akwai dankalin turawa da wuri daga Isra'ila, Azerbaijan, Turkiya. Mafi m, waɗannan samfurori ba da daɗewa ba za su sami shahara a tsakanin abokan ciniki saboda rashin ingancin dankali mai ingancin tsohuwar amfanin gona. Amma farashinsa har yanzu yana kan matakin bara.
Hakanan, isar da sabbin dankali daga yankuna na Kudancin Rasha (Yankin Krasnodar, Astrakhan da Rostov) suna shirin farawa. Sanyaya an jinkirta lokacin girbin da makwanni biyu, amma har ya zuwa ranar 20 ga Mayu lamarin ya fara inganta.
Abin ban sha'awa, samar da dankali na farko ya zama al'ada ga yankin tsakiyar Rasha (alal misali, ga yankin na Moscow): manoma suna dasa dankali a ƙarƙashin fim ko wasu kayan rufe. Sakamakon za a iya samu daga baya a cikin ƙasa na Krasnodar, amma sananne a baya fiye da yadda aka saba don ɓangaren tsakiya.
Dankalin dankalin Turawa
Gaskiyar cewa masu samar da dankalin Turawa daga Turai zuwa Rasha a wannan shekara sun fuskanci matsaloli masu yawa, mun rubuta a fitowar mujallar ta karshe. Akwai dalilai da yawa game da wannan, gami da canje-canje da aka yi ga ka'idodin sarrafa samfuran da aka tsara ta gefen Rasha (Dokar Lambar 128 ta Rosselkhoznadzor), sabunta takardun kundin tsarin mulki a Turai, da kuma jerin dalilai gabaɗaya.
In mun gwada da sauri gudanar da warware al'amura tare da samar da iri dankali daga Finland da Jamus. Wakilan Rosselkhoznadzor sun sami damar yin balaguro zuwa waɗannan ƙasashe, suna gudanar da samfurori da kuma yin gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwajen da suka dace. Kuma daga nan ne iyakokin suka fara rufewa saboda coronavirus.
Ganin halin da ake ciki, Rosselkhoznadzor ya amince da sauƙaƙe shigo da kayan dasawa (watsi da binciken yanar gizon). Godiya ga wannan, ire-iren ire-irensu daga Faransa da Netherlands sun ratsa ta “kogin kore”, kuma yawancin dankali da aka tanada wa masu sayen Rasha duk da haka sun shigo ƙasarmu.
Ya yi latti don taƙaita isar da kayayyaki kafin ƙarshen kamfen na shuka, amma a yanzu ana iya ɗaukar cewa ƙimar shigo da iri daga Turai a kakar wasa ta yanzu ba zata wuce ƙididdigar shekarar da ta gabata ba (a shekarar 2019, an shigo da daskararrun ton dubu 9 zuwa Rasha), a maimakon haka Gaba ɗaya, zai kasance ƙarƙashin wannan matakin - kimanin tan dubu 8.
Hakanan ina so in faɗi wordsan kalmomi game da ci gaba mai kyau a wannan yanki, waɗanda suke da matukar muhimmanci ga ci gaban masana'antu da yawa na cikin gida: a watan Mayu 2020, manyan ma'adinai biyu daga China da Indiya (kusan yanki miliyan 0,5) suka isa Rasha. Yawancin kayan shine nau'ikan sarrafawa (abokan ciniki - LEM Weston Belaya Dacha LLC da sauran manyan ayyuka), amma akwai nau'in tebur.
Yaƙin neman ƙasa
A cewar Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayyar Rasha, a wannan shekara za a kasafta kadada dubu 309 don dankali a cikin masana'antun, wanda yakai kadada dubu 4 sama da na bara.
Wasu yankuna suna haɓaka yanki, wasu suna raguwa, amma ba mu lura da wani babban canje-canje da ke haifar da maye gurbin mahalarta cikin jerin shugabannin dangane da girman noman. Zai yuwu a rarrabe da fasali mai fa'ida da yawa a cikin masana'antar gabaɗaya: a layi daya, akwai raguwa a yankin da ke ƙarƙashin dankali a ƙananan gonaki (waɗanda ba su gamsu da ƙananan ribar amfanin gona) da kuma ƙaruwa a manyan.
A watan Mayu 20, an gama dasa shuki a yanki na 192,9 dubu ha (62,5% na yankin da ake shirin).
Agramen na yankin Bryansk suna cikin nasara cikin nasara (dasa shuki ya cika kashi 15% daga Mayu 86), masu noman dankali na Urals da Siberiya suna ba da rahoton yanayin yanayi mai kyau da saurin aiki. A lokaci guda, halin da ake ciki a yankunan Nizhny Novgorod da Moscow ya kasance mai rikitarwa (duka biyu a can kuma har zuwa Mayu 15 sun sami damar dasa dankali a cikin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na wuraren da aka shirya), inda ake ruwa sama da yanayin yanayin har yanzu sanyi.
Mun kuma lura cewa wannan shekara yankuna da yawa na Tsakiyar Rasha da yankin Volga (gami da sama) suna korafi game da rashin danshi a tsaka-tsaki da ƙarancin mahalli. Fari, sakamakon bushewar damina da kuma dusar ƙanƙara mai sanyi, na iya haifar da mummunar illa ga amfanin gona mai zuwa.
Rikicin bazara
A cikin ra'ayinmu, cutar ta kwalara kuma, musamman, gabatarwar keɓe masu ciwo ba su da tasiri sosai a kan masana'antar dankalin turawa. An lura da matsalolin logistic a wasu yankuna, amma daga baya suka sami mafita. Noticearin lura, rage yawan ruble ya lalata masu samar da kayan aikin gona. Haɓaka farashin canjin ana sa ran karuwa a farashin kayayyaki.
Idan zamuyi magana game da masana'antar gabaɗaya, to, ba shakka, mutum bazai iya kasawa ba ga mahimman matsaloli ga masu sarrafawa. Rarraban kamfanonin da suka mayar da hankali kan bangaren na HoReCa an tilasta musu su daina samarwa. Amma har yanzu muna tantance wannan yanayin a matsayin na ɗan lokaci. Ana aiwatar da aiwatarwa, ana shirya sabbin ayyukan don farawa, akwai bayanai cewa wani sashi mai mahimmanci na gonakin Astrakhan sun sanya hannu kan kwangilar girma dankali don gidajen abinci mai sauri. Da yawa daga cikin manyan dillalan dankalin turawa suna tunanin fara samarwa (bari a mafi yawan lokuta shine batun daskararren dankalin Turawa). Tsarin zai iya tafiya cikin sauri idan Rasha ta kasance da wani shirin da aka sa gaba wanda zai ƙarfafa ginin sarrafa tsire-tsire, amma ya zuwa yanzu hakan ba ta samu ba.
Haka kuma, batun tallafi na jihar don bunkasa dankalin Turawa yana ƙara zama mai rikitarwa. Kamar yadda kuka sani, yanzu akwai nau'ikan tallafi guda biyu: marasa alaƙa da ƙarfafawa. Haka kuma, Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Tarayyar Rasha na shirin rage girman na farko da haɓaka na biyu a cikin shekaru uku. Amma a cikin jerin wuraren fifiko a cikin samar da amfanin gona (wanda yankuna suka yanke hukunci wa kansu kuma wanda za a gabatar da tallafi mai karfafawa), babu wani abu "tsiro dankali", akwai "tsirar filayen filaye" kawai. Masananmu suna jin tsoron cewa a nan gaba wannan na iya haifar da gaskiyar cewa dankali zai daina kasancewa cikin wannan rukuni, wanda ke nuna cewa masu noman dankalin Turawa za su rasa gagarumar tallafin. Atoungiyar Dankali ta riga ta jawo hankalin Ma’aikatar Aikin Noma ga wannan matsalar kuma tana kiyaye mafita kan wannan batun.
Hakanan damuwa a masana'antar ana haifar da shi sakamakon yuwuwar raguwar kuɗin shiga na yawan jama'a, wanda yanzu ake magana dashi da yawa. Amma wataƙila, ba za a sami kyakkyawan canji a tsarin amfani ba a cikin watanni masu zuwa. Masu sayayya ba za su ƙi dafaffen dankali da aka wanke ba. Masana sun annabta ko da ƙaramin (kusan 2-3%) yana ƙaruwa game da buƙatun samfuran farko.
Kodayake sha'awar hukumomin wasu yankuna na Rasha don ƙara samar da dankali a cikin gonaki na 'yan ƙasa (Kostroma Novgorod, Tver, Kurgan da sauran yankuna) ba ya farantawa. Muna fatan cewa kundin '' girbin na kanka 'ba zai shafi kasuwa ba.
Sabbin bayanan
A ƙarshen bita, ina so in faɗi wordsan kalmomi game da aiwatar da mahimmancin masana'antar-masana'antar "Ci gaban Dankali da ake shuka da Tsarin iri a cikin Federationungiyar Rasha" (sakamakon wucin gadi wanda aka bayar a cikin daftarin rahoton onasa game da ci gaba da sakamakon aiwatarwa a shekarar 2019 na shirin jihar don ci gaban aikin gona da tsarin kasuwannin noma. kayayyakin, kayan abinci da abinci).
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin daftarin, mai nuna alamar “yawan sabbin nau'ikan gasa na cikin gida da aka kirkira a matsayin wani bangare na kayan talla” a shekarar 2019 ya cika kashi 500%. Wannan yana nufin cewa maimakon nau'ikan biyu da aka shirya, masu shayarwa na Rasha nan da nan sun kirkiro 10 (iri iri Lan wasan Arewa, Elena, Gulliver, Samba, Firayim, Carmen, Indigo, Triumph, Bear, Kumach). Ana kuma shirya yin wasu nau'ikan guda 20 don rajistar jihar. A cikin tsarin tsarin, an samar da sayar da dankalin turawa na zuriya na cikin gida na "Elite" tare da nauyin 2035,45, kuma duk da cewa nasarar wannan alamar a 2019 ba ta shirya komai ba.
A gefe guda, atoungiyar Dankali ba zata iya yin farin ciki ba a nasarar da ta samu a wannan matakin. A gefe guda, zan so sosai in ga tabbataccen shaidar abubuwan da ke sama: alal misali, sakamakon gwaje-gwaje iri-iri, waɗanda ke ba mu damar yanke hukunci cewa sababbin nau'ikan Rasha da gaske sun fi ƙarfin baƙin waje.