Maria Erokhova, Junior Research Fellow, FGBNU VNIIF
Maria Kuznetsova, Shugaban Sashen Dankali da Cututtukan Kayan lambu, 'Yar takarar Kimiyyar Halittu, FGBNU VNIIF
Ci gaba da kayan. Fara: Dankali Y Virus: Takaitaccen Sabuntawa
Kwanan nan, ƙwayoyin cuta sun zama ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa na dankali a Rasha.
A ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 2020, Majalisar Dankali ta Duniya ta dauki bakuncin wani webinar "Cuyoyin dankalin turawa: Shaidu masu tasowa". An riga an buga rikodi na gidan yanar gizo a cikin Ingilishi a cikin yankin jama'a akan gidan yanar gizon Majalisar Dankali ta Duniya.
Dr. Alexander Karasev... Shi kwararren masani ne a fannin phytovirus. Alexander Karasev ya sami Ph.D. a Kimiyyar Halittu daga Jami'ar Jihar Moscow. M.V. Lomonosov, ƙwararre a cikin ilimin virology. Tun 2006 yana aiki a Jami'ar Idaho (Amurka).
A lokacin webinar, Dr. Karasev ya ba da hankali ga bayanin ƙwayoyin cuta masu mahimmanci na tattalin arziki, wanda ya kira suna Dankali Y cutar, dankalin turawa ganye curl cutar (PLRV) cutar tabar sigari (TRV) da paniculate cutar saman dankalin turawa (PMTV).
Masanin kimiyyar ya lura cewa kwayar cutar paniculate na saman dankalin turawa yana haifar da mot ɗin rawaya a kan ganye, musamman a kan ƙananan ƙananan, da kuma alamun V mai siffar leaf lobules. Bugu da ƙari, PMTV yana haifar da raguwar harbi. A wasu nau'ikan, ratsan ratsan launin ruwan kasa na ciki suna samuwa a cikin tubers. Necrosis na iya ko a'a iya gani a saman tubers. Lokacin da aka shuka tubers masu kamuwa da cutar, ana kamuwa da cutar zuwa ƙasa da rabin 'ya'yan tubers.
Jirgin PMTV ne Spongospora karkashin kasa f. sp. karkashin kasa.
Kwayar cutar sigari a cikin ganyayyaki na iya bayyana kanta a matsayin ɗan motsi, amma waɗannan alamun ba koyaushe ake lura da su ba. A kan tubers, TRV na iya bayyana a matsayin ratsi necrotic arcuate da spots a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara. Alamun na iya bambanta da tsanani. Yawancin tubers masu kamuwa da TRV suna haifar da tsire-tsire marasa ƙwayoyin cuta. Ana yada TRV tare da nematodes. Ci gaban nematodes yana da fifiko ta ƙasa mai yashi. Sun bazu da ruwan saman da motsin ƙasa.
Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka kamu da ƙwayar cuta mai jujjuya ganyen dankalin turawa, mirgina ganye yana faruwa. Za su iya zama ja ko shuɗi a launi. Tsire-tsire suna juya kodadde rawaya, haɓakarsu yana raguwa. An kafa ramin launin ruwan kasa a cikin tubers a cikin yankin zoben jijiyoyin jini. Wannan alama a kan tubers ana kiransa "net necrosis". Tushen kamuwa da cuta shine nau'in tubers, "tsirar sa kai", Bugu da ƙari, an canja wurin PLRV kore peachy aphid.
Ya kamata a lura cewa ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin dankalin turawa da aka jera (Y-virus, ƙwayar dankalin turawa, ƙwayar dankalin turawa, ƙwayar cuta ta paniculate da ƙwayar cuta ta taba) a cikin 2019 sun sami matsayin ƙayyadaddun ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ba a keɓe su ba don dankalin iri a cikin EU, wanda ke haifar da tallafi. na karin tsauraran matakan dakile su a kasashen Turai.
A cikin tsarin haɗin gwiwar kariya, marubucin webinar ya ba da shawarar cire tushen kamuwa da cuta ta farko, sarrafa ƙwayoyin cuta, kiyaye tsaftar muhalli yayin ayyukan hannu da injiniyoyi, girma iri iri da amfani da ingantaccen ingantaccen kayan shuka da aka shuka daga dankalin turawa.