NASARA DA LURA
Spring-2018 a tsakiyar Rasha da yankin Volga ya zama mai tsayi, yanayin sanyi kusan kusan Afrilu, don haka aikin dasa shuki a yawancin gonaki ya fara, ko da yake tare da ƙananan, amma baya baya ga sharuɗɗan da aka saba. Duk da haka, Mayu mai zafi ya ba da damar yin amfani da lokacin da aka rasa: sakamakon haka, an dasa dankali a yawancin yankuna na Rasha a wannan shekara a mafi kyawun sharuddan fasaha na fasaha, kuma a nan gaba, a cikin yankuna da yawa, tsarin mulki mai kyau ga ci gaban. da ci gaban al'adu ya kasance, wanda ya tabbatar da harbe harbe.
MAGANIN TSARO
Me kuma za ku iya cewa game da fasali na kakar da aka fara? Ya kamata a lura cewa hunturu na 2017/18 a tsakiyar kasar yana da dumi sosai, ba tare da daskarewa mai zurfi na ƙasa ba, kuma ba dusar ƙanƙara ba. Don haka, yana da ma'ana a ɗauka cewa gonakin dankalin turawa a nan gaba za a iya fallasa su ga mamayewar kwari waɗanda suka yi nasarar tsira daga lokacin sanyi. Har ila yau, yana yiwuwa cewa farkon ci gaban cututtuka - marigayi blight, alternaria, da dai sauransu.
Yana yiwuwa a hana bayyanar (saboda haka mummunan sakamako) duka biyu tare da taimakon matakan kariya na lokaci. Da farko, muna magana ne game da pre-dasa magani na iri dankali tare da kwari-fungicidal da fungicidal shirye-shirye. Kamfanonin kare amfanin gona mafi girma suna ba wa masu aikin noma kayayyaki da yawa waɗanda ke cika waɗannan ayyuka yadda ya kamata.
Daga cikin shahararrun samfuran sune Uniform, Celeste Top, Emesto Quantum, Quadris. Yin jiyya tare da kowane ɗayan magungunan da ke sama a cikin wannan lokacin yana taimakawa wajen kare tsaba daga ƙasa da kamuwa da cutar tuberous kuma shine mabuɗin girbi mai kyau.
Bari mu ba da misalai na gaske. A cikin gonar "Agroalliance" na yankin Nizhny Novgorod, ƙwararre a cikin noman dankali iri, Celest Top (0,4 l / t) an yi nasarar amfani da shi don maganin dasa shuki na tubers a wannan shekara. Wani kasuwancin noma - "A7 Agro", yankin Orenburg, - wanda aka fi so don aikin dasa shuki da kayan shuka dankalin turawa Uniform a cikin cakuda tare da thiamethokam (350 g / l). A cikin lokuta biyu, kwanaki 15 bayan dasa shuki, manoma sun sami kyakkyawan sakamako: mai tsabta, har ma da tsire-tsire ba tare da alamun kamuwa da cuta ba. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa dashen dankalin turawa a cikin yankin Orenburg an gudanar da shi a cikin wani hadadden kamuwa da cuta. Bugu da ƙari, dankali a cikin "A7 Agro" ana girma a kan ban ruwa, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin haɗari na lalacewar cututtuka ga tsire-tsire, sabili da haka, ƙwararrun gonaki sun kusanci zaɓi na miyagun ƙwayoyi don sarrafawa musamman a hankali.
AIKI AKAN SHIRIN
Bayan fitowar tsire-tsire, masu samar da aikin gona suna aiki bisa ga tsarin kariyar da aka kirkira daban-daban don gonakinsu (la'akari da yanayin yanayi da sauran dalilai), a matsayin mai mulkin, canza zuwa jiyya na shuka tare da shirye-shiryen tuntuɓar. Ana biye da wannan ta aiki tare da samfurin tsarin. Wajibi ne a aiwatar da waɗannan matakan a cikin ƙayyadaddun lokacin da tsarin ya tanada, la'akari da yanayin haɓakar al'adu da kuma kafin alamun farko na cututtuka su bayyana.
Yawancin bincike sun tabbatar da cewa gonakin da ke aiki daidai da ingantaccen tsarin kulawa (yawanci gami da matakan 7-10) suna yin mafi kyau fiye da waɗanda aka iyakance ga jiyya biyu ko uku a kowace kakar. Amma yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa makircin kanta, a cikin keɓancewa daga fasahar noma, lokacin amfani da tsaba marasa inganci, ba tare da ƙara abinci mai gina jiki na ma'adinai ba, ba zai kawo sakamakon da ake so ba.
Kula da ciyawa
Lokacin sanyi mai sanyi ya haifar da yanayi don haɓaka wata matsala: sanyi mai sanyi bai haifar da babbar illa ga ciyawa na shekara-shekara ko na shekara ba. Wannan yana nufin cewa za a sami ciyawa da yawa a cikin filayen (musamman inda ba a yi maganin da ya dace ba a cikin fall). Zai fi kyau a fara yaki da su tare da matakan rigakafi - ta yin amfani da magungunan da aka riga aka yi da herbicides (wannan zai taimaka wajen kauce wa bayyanar phytotoxicity).
Idan an gudanar da maganin herbicidal bayan fitowar seedlings, ya zama dole don zaɓar shirye-shiryen aiki mai sauƙi.
Jerin samfuran kula da ciyawa a kasuwar Rasha ba a sami wani gagarumin canje-canje a wannan shekara ba. Wani sabon abu mai ban sha'awa shine mai kashi biyu na ƙasa herbicide Artist (tsari nau'i: ruwa-dispersible granules (WDG) dauke da flufenacet 240 g / kg da metribuzin 175 g / kg).
Maganin yana da sauƙin amfani, yana da tasiri a kan gadon gado, black nightshade da farin mari.
Har ila yau, masu samar da noma na iya yin aiki tare da gaurayawan da suka shirya kansu. Don maganin herbicidal na farko, cakuda metribuzin (0,7 l / ha) da Boxer (3 l / ha) ko haɗin haɗin metribuzin (0,7 l / ha) da rim-sulfuron (50 g / ha) sun dace.
Don magani na seedling, ana amfani da shirye-shirye, idan ya cancanta, tare da tsananin bin ka'idodin da masana'antun samfuran suka ba da shawarar.
LURA A FARKON ZAMANI
A cikin wata kasida da aka buga a cikin wani m batu na mujallar, mun yi nazari daki-daki, dalilin da ya sa da dama gonaki samu kyakkyawan dankalin turawa da ake samu a kakar bara, duk da yanayi bala'o'i (asirin nasara, ina tunatar da ku, ya kasance a cikin high quality-sabili da haka) tsananin bin fasahar girma). Lura da halin da ake ciki a kasuwar kariyar kayan shuka a farkon sabuwar kakar, ba zan iya lura da cewa ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun dankalin turawa sun gudanar da bincike mai zurfi na kurakuran bara kuma sun yanke shawarar da ta dace.
Gabaɗaya, masu sana'ar noma ba su ƙara yawan kuɗin da ake kashewa don siyan kayayyakin kariya daga shuka ba, amma sun fara mai da hankali kan zaɓin magunguna, don yin amfani da tsare-tsaren kariya na shuka da aka yi tunani sosai. Mutane suna son samar da dankali mai yawa ba kawai ba, amma yawancin dankali mai inganci, kuma tare da wannan hanya tabbas za su cimma burinsu.