Kyakkyawan shuka shuka yana da dadi kuma mai girma, da kuma tsayayya da cututtuka da kwari. Amma idan kwayoyin halitta masu kama da juna suna da nisa a kan chromosome, wasu daga cikin waɗannan halaye masu kyau na iya ɓacewa a cikin tsarin zaɓin. Don tabbatar da cewa ana yada dukkan halaye masu kyau tare, masu bincike a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Karlsruhe (KIT) sun yi amfani da almakashi na kwayoyin halitta na CRISPR/Cas don juyar da kwayoyin halitta na chromosomes na goma na Arabidopsis, rahotanni. Phys.org portal. Halayen da ke cikin wannan sashe na chromosome sun zama "marasa ganuwa" zuwa musayar kwayoyin halitta kuma ta haka za'a iya wucewa ba tare da canzawa ba.
Gyaran da aka yi niyya, sakawa ko dannewa kwayoyin halitta A cikin tsire-tsire yana yiwuwa ta amfani da CRISPR/Cas almakashi na kwayoyin halitta. Ana iya amfani da wannan hanyar don ƙara juriya na shuka ga kwari, cututtuka ko tasirin muhalli Laraba.
"A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, a karon farko, mun sami damar yin amfani da CRISPR / Cas ba kawai don gyara kwayoyin halitta ba, har ma don canza tsarin kwayoyin halitta," in ji Farfesa Holger Puchta, wanda ke nazarin almakashi na kwayoyin halitta tare da tawagarsa. a Cibiyar Botanical ta kasar Sin na tsawon shekaru 30.
Yanzu masu bincike sun sami damar hanawa musayar kwayoyin halitta, wanda yawanci wani bangare ne na tsarin gado, amma yana iya rushe dangantaka tsakanin halaye. Har ya zuwa yanzu, idan za a yada dabi'un shuka tare, dole ne kwayoyin halittar wadannan dabi'un su kasance kusa da juna akan chromosome daya. Idan irin waɗannan kwayoyin halitta sun bambanta, yawanci suna rabuwa a lokacin gado, don haka za a iya rasa sifa mai amfani a cikin tsarin zaɓin.
A cikin binciken su, masana kimiyya sun bi misalin yanayi. “Masu juye-juye-wani nau’in rashin ganuwa na kwayoyin halitta-kuma galibi suna faruwa akan ƙaramin sikeli a cikin tsire-tsire da ake nomawa. Mun koyi darussa daga yanayi, amfani da fadada iliminmu tsari na halitta', in ji Puchta.
Tare da haɗin gwiwar Farfesa Andreas Huben na Cibiyar Nazarin Halittar Shuka da Binciken Tsirrai. Leibniz (IPK) Puchta da tawagarsa sun juya kaso tara cikin goma na chromosomes a cikin kwayar halitta, Arabidopsis thaliana. A ƙarshen chromosomes ne kawai kwayoyin halitta suka riƙe ainihin jerin su. "Tare da waɗannan gutsuttsura, ana iya ba da chromosome zuwa tsara na gaba kamar sauran chromosomes kuma ba a rasa gaba ɗaya ba," in ji Puchta.
Don ingantaccen noman amfanin gona na noma, yana da mahimmanci a haɗa yawancin halaye masu kyau kamar yadda zai yiwu a cikin shuka ɗaya. “Hakika, masu shayarwa suna son kayansu su kasance masu daɗi, suna ɗauke da bitamin da yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu, da kuma jure cututtuka. Tare da hanyarmu, za mu iya sauƙaƙa wannan a nan gaba, ”in ji Puchta.