Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke rage yawan amfanin gonaki shine rashin danshi. A karkashin yanayi na sauyin yanayi, fari da gishirin ƙasa zai karu. Dangane da haka, masana kimiyya suna neman hanyoyin da za su ƙara ƙarfin juriya na tsire-tsire.
Masana ilmin halitta daga Jami'ar Jihar Tomsk, tare da abokan aiki daga Cibiyar Cytology da Genetics na Sashen Siberiya na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Rasha da Cibiyar Nazarin Halitta na Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Rasha, suna yin hakan ta hanyar amfani da fasahar gyara kwayoyin halitta. official website na Tomsk State University.
Suna canza agrobacteria kuma tare da taimakon su samar da tsire-tsire tare da sababbin kaddarorin.
– Noma na zamani yana fuskantar raguwar amfanin amfanin gona saboda abubuwa masu yawa na muhalli. Karancin ruwa, wanda ke haifar da fari da salinization na ƙasa, yana zama matsala a duniya, in ji Marina Efimova, mai bincike a Sashen Nazarin Halittar Shuka, Biotechnology da Bioinformatics na Cibiyar Nazarin Halittar Halitta ta TSU. - A baya can, juriya na tsire-tsire ya karu ta hanyar hanyoyin zaɓi, amma wannan tsari ne na dogon lokaci, wanda, kamar aikin injiniya na gargajiya, yana da ƙasa da inganci ga gyaran kwayoyin halitta.
Ci gaban injiniyan kwayoyin halitta da hanyoyin gyare-gyaren kwayoyin halitta sun sa ya yiwu a canza kwayoyin halittar shuka da ke da alhakin juriya ga abubuwan damuwa. Aikin masanan halittu, wanda aka aiwatar tare da goyan bayan shirin fifiko na 2030, yana da nufin nemo mahimmin ƙayyadaddun kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke ƙayyade juriyar shuka ga fari, salinity da lalata yanayin zafi. Masanan halittu suna amfani da tsarin gyaran CRISPR/Cas9 azaman kayan aiki don kashe kwayoyin halitta.
Masana kimiyya sun gudanar da jerin gwaje-gwaje a kan shuka Arabidopsis thaliana - wannan wani abu ne na al'ada don bincike, abin da ake kira "Drosophila shuka".
Kwayoyin da kansu ba su canza halaye masu mahimmanci na tattalin arziki na shuka ba, amma suna shiga cikin tsire-tsire ta hanyar bututun pollen, suna watsa jerin DNA wanda ke gabatar da maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halittar shuka da mai binciken ya zaba. Tsaba da suka girma bayan "dipping" sun riga sun bambanta da shukar iyaye. Ta wannan hanyar, yana yiwuwa a sarrafa kwayoyin halittar da ke cikin bayyanar da martanin shuka ga tasirin damuwa daban-daban ko canza duk wani kaddarorin. Masu binciken sun yi shirin gudanar da gwaje-gwaje a kan nau'in fyade da na flax.
Bari mu ƙara da cewa wannan binciken na farko ne - a halin yanzu akwai 'yan rahotanni kaɗan game da gyaran kwayoyin halitta a shinkafa, alkama da tumatir.